Windows 8.1 - Wikipedia

8/12/2014 Windows 8.
1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_8.1 1/13
Windows 8.1
Release of Microsoft Windows operating system
Start screen on Windows 8.1 with update 1
Company / developer Microsoft
Released to
manufacturing
August 27, 2013
General
availability
October 17, 2013[1]
Latest release 8.1 with Update 1 (v6.3.9600) /
April 8, 2014[2]
Platforms IA-32, x64, ARMv7
Kernel type Hybrid
Preceded by Windows 8 (2012)
Official website windows.microsoft.com
(http://windows.microsoft.com)
Support status
Mainstream support until January 9, 2018
Extended support until January 10, 2023
Upgrading to Windows 8.1 is required for
Windows 8 users to receive support after
January 12, 2016.
[3]
Windows 8.1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Windows 8.1 is a version of the Windows NT
operating system and an upgrade for Windows 8.
First unveiled and released as a public beta in June
2013, it was released to manufacturing on August 27,
2013, and reached general availability on October 17,
2013, almost a year after the retail release of its
predecessor. Windows 8.1 is available free of charge
for retail copies of Windows 8 and Windows RT
users via Windows Store. Unlike service packs on
previous versions of Windows, users who obtained 8
outside of retail copies or pre-loaded installations (i.e.,
volume licensing) must obtain 8.1 through new
installation media from their respective subscription or
enterprise channel. Microsoft's support lifecycle policy
treats Windows 8.1 similar to previous service packs
of Windows: It is part of Windows 8's support
lifecycle, and installing 8.1 is required to maintain
access to support and Windows updates after January
12, 2016. However, unlike previous service packs,
Windows 8.1 cannot be acquired via Windows
Update and only accepts 8.1-specific product keys.
Released as part of a shift by Microsoft towards
regular yearly major updates for its platforms and
services, Windows 8.1 was primarily intended to
address complaints of Windows 8 users and
reviewers on launch. Visible enhancements include an
improved Start screen, additional snap views,
additional bundled apps, tighter OneDrive (formerly
SkyDrive) integration, Internet Explorer 11, a Bing-
powered unified search system, restoration of a visible
Start button on the taskbar, and the ability to restore
the previous behavior of opening the user's desktop
on login instead of the Start screen. Windows 8.1 also
added support for such emerging technologies as high
resolution displays, 3D printing, Wi-Fi Direct, and
Miracast streaming.
Windows 8.1 received relatively positive reception,
with critics praising the expanded functionality
available to apps in comparison to 8, its SkyDrive
integration, along with its user interface tweaks and the addition of expanded tutorials for operating the
Windows 8 interface. Despite these improvements, 8.1 was still panned for not addressing all of the digressions
of 8 (such as a poor level of integration between Metro-style apps and the desktop interface), and the potential
privacy implications of 8.1's expanded use of online services.
Contents
8/12/2014 Windows 8.1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Windows 8.1 was revealed at Build
2013, held at San Francisco's
Moscone Center.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Update
2 Distribution
3 New and changed features
3.1 User interface and desktop
3.2 Apps
3.3 Online services and functionality
3.4 Security and hardware compatibility
3.5 Hardware functionality
4 Reception
4.1 Critical reception
4.2 Market share
5 References
6 External links
History
In February 2013, ZDNet writer Mary Jo Foley disclosed potential
rumors about "Blue", the codename for a wave of planned updates
across several Microsoft products and services, including Windows
8, Windows Phone 8, Outlook.com, and SkyDrive. In particular, the
report detailed that Microsoft was planning to shift to a more
"continuous" development model, which would see major revisions to
its main software platforms released on a consistent yearly cycle to
keep up with market demands. Lending credibility to the reports,
Foley noted that a Microsoft staff member had listed experience with
"Windows Blue" on his LinkedIn profile, and listed it as a separate
operating system from 8.
[4][5]
A post-RTM build of Windows 8, build 9364, leaked in March
2013. The build, which was believed to be of "Windows Blue",
revealed a number of enhancements across Windows 8's interface, including additional size options for tiles,
expanded color options on the Start screen, the expansion of PC Settings to include more options that were
previously exclusive to the desktop Control Panel, the ability for apps to snap to half of the screen, the ability to
take screenshots from the Share charm, additional stock apps, increased SkyDrive integration (such as
automatic device backups) and Internet Explorer 11.
[6][7]
Shortly afterward on March 26, 2013, corporate vice
president of corporate communications Frank X. Shaw officially acknowledged the "Blue" project, stating that
continuous development would be "the new normal" at Microsoft, and that "our product groups are also taking a
unified planning approach so people get what they wantall of their devices, apps and services working
together wherever they are and for whatever they are doing."
[8]
In early May, press reports announcing the upcoming version in Financial Times and The Economist
negatively compared Windows 8 to New Coke.
[9][10]
The theme was then echoed and debated in the computer
press.
[11][12][13]
Shaw rejected this criticism as "extreme",
[14]
adding that he saw a comparison with Diet Coke
as more appropriate.
[15]
On May 14, Microsoft officially announced that "Blue" would be named Windows 8.1. Following a keynote
presentation focusing on this version, the public beta of Windows 8.1 was released on June 26, 2013 during
Build.
[16][17][18]
Build 9600 of Windows 8.1 was released to OEM hardware partners on August 27, 2013,
and became generally available on October 17, 2013.
[19][20]
Unlike past releases of Windows and its service
packs, volume license customers and subscribers to MSDN Plus and TechNet Plus were unable to obtain the
RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson stated that the change in policy was to allow Microsoft to work
with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability."
[21][22]
However, after criticism, Microsoft
reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013.
[23]
Prior to
the release of 8.1, Microsoft premiered a new television commercial in late-September 2013 that focused on its
changes as part of the "Windows Everywhere" campaign.
[24]
Shortly after its release, Windows RT 8.1 was temporarily recalled by Microsoft following reports that some
users had encountered a rare bug which corrupted the operating system's Boot Configuration Data during
installation, resulting in an error on startup.
[25][26]
On October 21, 2013, Microsoft confirmed that the bug was
limited to the Microsoft Surface RT tablet, and only affected 1 in 1000 installations. The company released
recovery media and instructions which could be used to repair the device, and restored access to Windows RT
8.1 the next day.
[27][28]
It was also found that changes to screen resolution handling on 8.1 resulted in mouse input lag in certain video
games that do not use the DirectInput API'sparticularly first-person shooter games, including Deus Ex:
Human Revolution, Hitman: Absolution, and Metro 2033. Users also found the issues to be more
pronounced when using gaming mice with high resolution and/or polling rates. Microsoft released a patch to fix
the bug on certain games in November 2013, and acknowledged that it was caused by "changes to mouse-input
processing for low-latency interaction scenarios".
[29][30]
Update
On April 8, 2014, Microsoft released "Windows 8.1 Update", which included all past updates plus new
features.
[31]
It was unveiled by Microsoft vice president Joe Belfiore at Mobile World Congress on February
23, 2014, and detailed in full at Microsoft's Build conference on April 2. Belfiore noted that the update would
lower the minimum system requirements for Windows, so it can be installed on devices with as little as 1 GB of
RAM and 16 GB of storage.
[32]
Unlike 8.1 itself, this cumulative update is distributed through Windows
Update, and must be installed in order to receive any further patches for Windows 8.1.
[33]
At the 2014 Build conference, during April, Microsoft's Terry Myerson unveiled further user interface changes
for Windows 8.1, including the ability to run Metro-style apps inside desktop windows, and a revised Start
menu, which creates a compromise between the Start menu design used by Windows 7 and the Start screen, by
combining the application listing in the first column with a second that can be used to display app tiles. Myerson
stated that these changes would occur in a future update, but did not elaborate further. Microsoft also unveiled a
concept known as "Universal Windows apps", in which a Windows Runtime app can be ported to Windows
Phone 8.1 and Xbox One while sharing a common codebase. While it does not entirely unify Windows' app
ecosystem with that of Windows Phone, it will allow developers to synchronize data between versions of their
app on each platform, and bundle access to Windows, Windows Phone, and Xbox One versions of an app in a
single purchase.
[34][35][36][37]
Microsoft originally announced that users who did not install the update would not receive any other updates
after 13 May 2014.
[38]
However, meeting this deadline proved challenging: The ability to deploy Windows 8.1
Update through Windows Software Update Services (WSUS) was disabled shortly after its release following
the discovery of a bug which affects the ability to use WSUS as a whole in certain server configurations.
[39]
Microsoft later fixed the issue
[40]
but users continued to report that the update may fail to install.
[38]
Microsoft's
attempt to fix the problem was ineffective, to the point that Microsoft pushed the support deadline further to 30
June 2014.
[38][41]
On 16 May, Microsoft released additional updates to fix a problem of BSOD in the
update.
[42]
Distribution
Microsoft markets Windows 8.1 as an "update" for Windows 8, avoiding the term "upgrade."
[43]
Microsoft's
support lifecycle policy treats Windows 8.1 similar to previous service packs of Windows: It is part of Windows
8's support lifecycle, and upgrading to 8.1 is required to maintain access to support and Windows updates after
January 12, 2016.
[44][3]
Retail and OEM copies of Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro, and Windows RT can be upgraded through Windows
Store free of charge. However, volume license customers, TechNet or MSDN subscribers and users of
Windows 8 Enterprise must acquire standalone installation media for 8.1 and install through the traditional
Windows setup process, either as an in-place upgrade or clean install. This requires an 8.1-specific product
key.
[45][46][47][48]
Upgrading through Windows Store requires each machine to download an upgrade package as big as 23.6
GB. Unlike the traditional Windows service packs, the standalone installer, which could be downloaded once
and installed as many times as needed, requires an 8.1-specific product key.
[49]
New retail installation media of Windows 8.1 were released alongside the online upgrade. Unlike their Windows
8 counterparts, they can install Windows on computers that do not have an operating system at all. Microsoft
stated that the change was in response to customer feedback, and to allow more flexibility for users. Pricing for
the retail copies of 8.1 remained the same.
[50]
On July 1, 2014, acknowledging difficulties users may have had through the Windows Store update method,
Microsoft introduced a "pilot program" that would allow Windows 8 and RT 8 to be automatically updated to
8.1 through Windows Update.
[51]
New and changed features
Many of the changes on Windows 8.1, particularly to the user interface, were made in response to criticisms
from early adopters and other critics after the release of Windows 8.
[52][53]
User interface and desktop
The Start screen received several enhancements on 8.1, including an extended "All Apps" view with sort modes
(accessed by clicking a new down arrow button or swiping upward), small and extra-large sizes for tiles, and
colored tiles for desktop program shortcuts. Additional customization options were also added, such as
expanded color options, new backgrounds (some of which incorporating animated elements), and the ability for
the Start screen to use the desktop background instead. Applications are no longer added to the Start screen
automatically when installed, and all applications now have colored tiles (desktop programs were previously
shown in a single color). The app snapping system has also been extended; up to 4 apps can be snapped onto a
single display depending on screen size, apps can be snapped to fill half the screen, and can also be used on any
display in a multi-monitor configuration. Apps can also launch other apps in a snapped view to display content;
for example, the Mail app can open a photo attachment in a picture viewer snapped to another half of the
screen. Improved support is also provided by apps for using devices in a portrait (vertical) orientation. The lock
screen offers the ability to use a photo slideshow as its backdrop, and a shortcut to the Camera app by swiping
up. The on-screen keyboard has an improved autocomplete mechanism which displays multiple word
suggestions, and allows users to select from them by sliding on the spacebar. The autocomplete dictionary is
also automatically updated using data from Bing, allowing it to recognize and suggest words relating to current
trends and events.
[54][55]
Similarly to Windows Phone, certain apps now display a narrow bar with three dots
on it to indicate the presence of a pop-up menu accessible by swiping, clicking on the dots, or right-clicking.
[56]
To improve the usability of the desktop interface, a visible Start button was restored to the taskbar for opening
the Start screen, and the Quick Links menu (accessed by right-clicking the Start button or pressing
Win + X ) now contains shutdown and sign-out options. Users can also modify certain user interface
behaviors, such as disabling the upper hot corners for using the charms and recent apps list, going to the
desktop instead of the Start screen on login or after closing all apps on a screen, automatically opening the "All
Apps" view on the Start screen when opened, and prioritizing desktop programs on the "Category" sort mode
on "All Apps". To assist users in learning the Windows 8 user interface, an interactive tutorial is also offered,
along with a new Help + Tips app for additional information.
[53][57]
In contrast, Windows RT 8.1 downplays
the desktop interface further by not displaying the Desktop tile on its default Start screen at all (however, it can
still be manually added to the Start screen).
[58]
Windows manager Chaitanya Sareen stated that the restoration of the visible Start button was intended to be a
"warm blanket" for users who had become confused by the removal of the button on 8; the Start button was
originally removed to reflect Windows 8's treatment of the desktop as an "app" rather than the main
interface.
[59]
Further interface behavior changes are made on the April 2014 "Windows 8.1 Update", which are oriented
towards non-touch environments (such as desktop and laptop PCs) that use a keyboard and mouse, and
improve integration between Windows Store apps and the desktop. When a mouse is in use, the Desktop is
shown on startup by default, the Start screen uses context menus instead of a toolbar across the bottom of the
screen for manipulating tiles, an autohiding title bar with minimize and close buttons is displayed within apps at
the top of the screen, the taskbar can display and pin apps alongside desktop programs and be accessed from
within apps, and visible search and power buttons are added to the Start screen. The update also changes the
default image viewer and media player programs for non-touch devices; Windows Media Player and Windows
Photo Viewer are used by default in lieu of the Xbox Video and Photos apps.
[60][61]
Apps
The suite of pre-loaded apps bundled with Windows 8 were changed in 8.1; PC Settings was expanded to
include options that were previously exclusive to the desktop Control Panel, Windows Store was updated with
an improved interface for browsing apps and automatic updates, the Mail app includes an updated interface and
additional features, the Camera app integrates Photosynth for creating panoramas, and additional editing tools
were added to the Photos app (while integration with Flickr and Facebook was completely removed). A
number of additional stock apps were also added, including Calculator, Food and Drink, Health and Fitness,
Sound Recorder, Reading List (which can be used to collect and sync content from apps through OneDrive),
Scan, and Help + Tips.
[62][53]
For Windows RT users, 8.1 also adds a version of Microsoft Outlook to the
included Office 2013 RT suite. However, it does not support data loss protection, Group Policy, Lync
integration, or creating emails with information rights management.
[63]
Windows Store is enabled by default
within Windows To Go environments.
[64]
Online services and functionality
Windows 8.1 adds tighter integration with several Microsoft-owned services. OneDrive (formerly SkyDrive)
[65]
is integrated at the system level to sync user settings and files. Files are automatically downloaded in the
background when they are accessed from the user's OneDrive folder, unless they are marked to be available
offline. By default, only file metadata and thumbnails are stored locally, and reparse points are used to give the
appearance of a normal directory structure to provide backwards compatibility. The OneDrive app was
updated to include a local file manager. OneDrive use on 8.1 requires that a user's Windows account be linked
to a Microsoft account; the previous SkyDrive desktop client (which did not have this requirement) is not
supported on 8.1.
[66][67][68]
A Bing-based unified search system was added; it can analyze a user's search habits to return results featuring
relevant local and online content. Full-screen "hero" displays aggregate news articles, Wikipedia entries,
multimedia, and other content related to a search query; for instance, searching for a music performer would
return photos of the performer, a biography, and their available songs and albums on Xbox Music.
[53][54]
The
messaging app from Windows 8 has been replaced by Skype, which also allows users to accept calls directly
from the lock screen.
[54]
Windows 8.1 also includes Internet Explorer 11, which adds support for SPDY and
WebGL, and expanded developer tools. The Metro-style version of IE 11 also adds tab syncing, the ability to
open an unlimited number of tabs, and Reading List integration.
[69][70]
Security and hardware compatibility
On compatible hardware, Windows 8.1 also features a transparent "device encryption" system based on
BitLocker. Encryption begins as soon as a user begins using the system; the recovery key is stored to either the
user's Microsoft account or an Active Directory login, allowing it to be retrieved from any computer. While
device encryption is offered on all versions of 8.1 unlike BitLocker (which is exclusive to the Pro and Enterprise
editions), device encryption requires that the device meet the Connected Standby specification and have a
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 chip.
[71][72]
8.1 also introduces improved fingerprint recognition APIs,
which allows user login, User Account Control, Windows Store and Windows Store apps to use enrolled
fingerprints as an authentication method. A new kiosk mode known as "Assigned Access" was also added,
allowing a device to be configured to use a single app in a restricted environment. Additionally, Windows
Defender includes an intrusion detection system which can scan network activity for signs of malware. 8.1 also
allows third-party VPN clients to automatically trigger connections.
[73]
For enterprise device management, Windows 8.1 adds support for the Workplace Join feature of Windows
Server 2012 R2, which allows users to enroll their own device into corporate networks with finer control over
access to resources and security requirements. 8.1 also supports the OMA Device Management specifications.
Remote Data Control can be used to remotely wipe specific "corporate" data from Windows 8.1 devices.
[64]
Due to changes to improve its "security effectiveness", the 64-bit version of Windows 8.1 no longer supports
processors which do not implement the double-width compare and exchange (CMPXCHG16B) CPU
instruction (which the installer reports as a lack of support for "CompareExchange128"). A Microsoft
spokesperson noted that the change primarily affects systems with older AMD 64-bit processors, and that "the
number of affected processors are extremely small, since this instruction has been supported for greater than 10
years." Even if the system does have an otherwise compatible processor, the motherboard must also support the
instructionwhich can also cause the problem to occur on Intel processors in select cases. These changes do
not affect the 32-bit version of Windows 8.1.
[74][75]
Hardware functionality
Windows 8.1 adds support for 3D printing,
[76][77]
pairing with printers using NFC tags, Wi-Fi Direct, Miracast
media streaming,
[78]
tethering,
[64]
and NVMe.
[79][80]
In response to the increasing pixel density in displays,
Windows 8.1 can scale text and GUI elements up to 200% (whereas Windows 8 supported only 150%) and
set scaling settings independently on each display in multi-monitor configurations.
[81]
Reception
Critical reception
Windows 8.1 received better reviews than Windows 8. Tom Warren of The Verge still considered the platform
to be a "work in progress" due to the number of apps available, the impaired level of capabilities that apps have
in comparison to desktop programs, and because he felt that mouse and keyboard navigation was still
"awkward". However, he touted many of the major changes on 8.1, such as the expanded snapping
functionality, increased Start screen customization, SkyDrive and Bing integration, improvements to stock apps,
and particularly he considered the Mail app to be "lightyears ahead" of the original version from 8. He concluded
that "Microsoft has achieved a lot within 12 months, even if a lot of the additions feel like they should have been
there from the very start with Windows 8."
[54]
Joel Hruska of ExtremeTech criticized continuing integration problems between the Desktop and apps on 8.1,
pointing out examples such as the Photos app, which "still refuses to acknowledge that users might have
previous photo directories", and that the Mail app "still cant talk to the desktopif you try to send an email
from the Desktop without another mail client installed, Windows will tell you theres no mail client capable of
performing that action." However, improvements to other apps, such as People and News (pointing out UI
improvements, and the News app using proper links when sharing stories, rather than non-standard links that
can only be recognized by the app). Although praising the more flexible snapping system, he still pointed out
flaws, such as an inability to maintain snap configurations in certain situations. 8.1's search functionality was met
with mixed reviews; while noting the Bing integration and updated design, the system was panned for arbitrarily
leaving out secondary storage devices from the "Everything" mode.
[82]
Peter Bright of Ars Technica praised many of the improvements on 8.1, such as its more "complete" touch
interface, the "reasonable" tutorial content, the new autocomplete tools on the on-screen keyboard, software
improvements, and the deep SkyDrive integration. However, he felt that the transition between the desktop and
apps "still tends to feel a bit disjointed and disconnected" (even though the option to use the desktop wallpaper
on the Start screen made it feel more integrated with the desktop interface rather than dissimilar), and that the
restoration of the Start button made the two interfaces feel even more inconsistent because of how different it
operates between the desktop and apps.
[55]
Certain aspects of 8.1 were also cause for concern because of their privacy implications. In his review of 8.1,
Joel Hruska noted that Microsoft had deliberately made it harder for users to create a "Local" account that is
not tied to a Microsoft account for syncing, as it "[makes] clear that the company really, really, wants you to
share everything you do with it, and thats not something an increasing number of people and businesses are
comfortable doing."
[82]
Woody Leonhard of InfoWorld noted that by default Windows 8.1's "Smart Search"
system sends search queries and other information to Microsoft, which could be used for targeted advertising.
Leonhard considered this to be ironic, given that Microsoft had criticized Google's use of similar tactics with its
"Scroogled" advertising campaign.
[83]
Market share
On the information gathered by Net Applications, adoption rate in June 2014 for Windows 8.1 was at 6.61%,
while the original Windows 8 was at 5.93%.
[84]
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Compare Windows 8.1 Editions
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windows_8.1&oldid=620586925"
Categories: 2013 software Windows 8 IA-32 operating systems X86-64 operating systems
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