In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

DSSD 606 Sustainable Consumption and Sustainable Development

In Philippine Womens University



















Genevieve Nangit
Student No. 20132620
August 2, 2014


Course Professor: Dr. Girlie Amarillo

Analysis of Food Security Programme in National Climate Change
Action Plan for 2011 to 2028



I referred from two publications, which are Guide To The Logical Framework
Approach: A Key Tool for Project Cycle (EIO 2011) and Handbook on Planning,
Monitoring and Evaluating for Development Results (UNDP 2009), in analyzing the
Food Security Programme.

Below are characteristics of a good programme (UNDP 2009, p.7) which I used in
reviewing the Food Security Programme.
1. Objectives of the programme are clearly defined
2. The scope of the programme are appropriately identified
3. The programme has high levels of engagement of users, clients and
stakeholders
4. The programme has activities that ensure good communication that helps
clarify expectations, roles and responsibilities, as well as information on
progress and performance
5. The programme has a strong monitoring and evaluation components

To begin with, I have observed that the goal of the Food Security Programme (FSP),
which is to ensure availability, stability, accessibility, and affordability of safe and
healthy food amidst climate change is reinforced by focusing on two outcomes that
are necessary for a sustainable production of food - (1) enhanced climate change
resilience of agriculture and fisheries production and distribution systems; and (2)
enhanced resilience of agricultural and fishing communities in the midst of climate
change. Therefore it can be said that the goal was clearly stated and the scope was
appropriately specified.

I will examine further the FSP by reviewing its cycle and coherence of its objectives
and activities. I am using the concept of Baum cycle as presented in (EIO 2011, p.
53). The Baum cycle has 4 main development stages: (1) identification, (2)
preparation (also called formulation), (3) appraisal and selection, (4) implementation.



The FSP began by incorporating activities that identify and assess the problem. This
is illustrated by the 2 indicators under the Output Area (OA) 1 of Immediate Outcome
(IO) 1:
1. Provincial level agriculture and fishery sector vulnerability and risk assessment
conducted nationwide
2. National and provincial agriculture and fisheries climate information and database
established

Also, the FSP incorporated an evidence-based approach of project planning, by
referring from researches and innovations which is evident by the remaining indicators
in IO1.OA1.
3. No. of researches conducted on agriculture and fisheries adaptation measures and
technologies developed
4. No. of appropriate climate change adaptation technologies identified and
implemented

I have also seen the decisiveness of FSP in implementing its activities because it
included policies, budgets and social mechanisms. This is presented by the 4
indicators in IO1.OA2:
1. Climate change responsive agriculture and fisheries policies, plans and budgets
developed and implemented.
2. No. of climate change responsive agriculture-fisheries policies formulated and
implemented.
3. Climate Change Actions Disaster Risk Reduction Performance Monitoring
Indicators developed and implemented.
4. No. and type of risk transfer (e.g., weather-based/index insurance) and social
protection mechanisms developed for agriculture and fisheries.

Having seen the activities that will generate the projects and the mechanisms that will
ensure the implementation of the projects, FSP incorporated activities that will transfer


the knowledge and technology to the farmers and fisher folk. This is expressed by 2
indicators in the IO2.OA1:
1. No. of farmers and fisher folk communities trained on adaptation best practices and
Disaster Risk Reduction.
2. No. and type of formal curricula and non-formal training programs developed and
implemented for agriculture and fisheries.

FSP wrap the activities by protecting the farmers and fisher folks, and this are
expressed by the indicators in IO2.OA2 indicators
1. No. farming and fishing communities with weather-based insurance
2. Increase in the no. of small farmers and fisher folks who are credit worthy.

In summary, FSP was a well-designed program because the indicators and activities
are interwoven together to attain the ultimate goal. The programme is focused on the
effort of mitigating the effects of climate change in the agriculture and fisheries
communities. However, I observed the programme is kind of directed one-way. In
other words, the mechanisms in FSP are directed on giving solutions to the farmers
and fisher folks to mitigate the effect of climate change and there is no feedback of
information. There is no mechanism that encourage and support farmers and fisher
folks to share their experiences about the activities, thus, making them an outsider of
the process. This kind of programme implementation is not participative and not
empowering. Hence, I say that FSP lacks a good communication framework
(Mefalopulus 2008, p. 5). Though there is an evaluation activity, it was at the end of
the programme and more of assessing the performance of the programme based on
its expected output. However, if the interest of the FSP is to mitigate the effects of
climate change then it is not just solely the problem of the government but also of the
farmers and fisher folks. Therefore, it is imperative that the experiences of the
recipients of projects should be consulted and documented to ensure the sustainability
of the ultimate goal of the FSP. In other words, there should be systematic and
structured feedback all throughout the implementation of FSP. Including this kind of


communication framework and establishing a reliable feedback system will enable the
implementing agency to immediately modify certain activities that will be more
appropriate given the time and needs.

I conclude this analysis with a recommendation. FSP should include framework of
effective communication that will facilitate the development of necessary steps to
encourage farmers and fisher folks to share their experiences about the activities and
projects they received. In addition, a regular consultation with the farmers and fisher
folks is participative and empowering that makes them not just beneficiaries, but also
owner of FSP and cultivate the value of accountability in their decisions and actions.
All the feedback, either experiences, comments, or grievances, should be
documented and a well-thought report must be generated and integrated in the
evaluation of the FSP. With this process established, it will enhance the
implementation of FSP because necessary aspect of the activities can be modified to
effectively address problems as it arise during the implementation.

















References
European Integration Office. 2011. Guide To The Logical Framework Approach: A
Key Tool for Project Cycle Management 2nd edition. Republic of Serbia
Government European Integration Office, Belgrade.

Mefalopulus, Paolo. 2008. Module 1 The Value-Added of Development
Communication (pages 3-32). In Development Communication Sourcebook:
Broadening the Boundaries of Communication. World Bank, Washington DC,
USA.

United Nations Development Programme. 2009. Handbook on Planning, Monitoring
and Evaluating for Development Results. UNDP, USA.




















Annex A

The Food Security Programme in the National Climate Change Action Plan for
2011 to 2028

The objectives of the Food Security Programme is to ensure availability, stability,
accessibility, and affordability of safe and healthy food amidst climate change.

It also focuses on two immediate outcomes: (1) enhanced climate change resilience
of agriculture and fisheries production and distribution systems; and (2) enhanced
resilience of agricultural and fishing communities in the midst of climate change.

The figure below presents the strategic actions on food security for 2011-2028.




FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME
Ultimate outcome Intermediate outcome Immediate outcome (IO)
Ensured food availability, stability,
access, and safety amidst
increasing climate change and
disaster risks.

Enhanced adaptive capacity
of communities and
resilience of natural
ecosystems to climate
change
IO1. Enhanced resilience of agriculture and fisheries production and distribution
systems from climate change.

IO2. Enhanced resilience of agriculture and fishing communities from climate
change.

IO1. Enhanced resilience of agriculture and fisheries production and distribution systems from climate change.
Output area (OA) Indicators
IO1.OA1. Enhanced knowledge on the vulnerability of
agriculture and fisheries to the impacts of climate
change.
1. Provincial level agriculture and fishery sector vulnerability and risk assessment conducted
nationwide.
2. National and provincial agriculture and fisheries climate information and database
established.
3. No. of researches conducted on agriculture and fisheries adaptation measures and
technologies developed.
4. No. of appropriate climate change adaptation technologies identified and implemented.
IO1.OA2. Climate-sensitive agriculture and fisheries
policies, plans and program formulated.
1. Climate change responsive agriculture and fisheries policies, plans and budgets developed
and implemented.
2. No. of CC-responsive agriculture-fisheries policies formulated and implemented.
3. CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS-DRR Performance Monitoring Indicators developed and
implemented.
4. No. and type of risk transfer (e.g., weather-based/index insurance) and social protection
mechanisms developed for agriculture and fisheries.

IO1.OA1. Enhanced knowledge on the vulnerability of agriculture and fisheries to the impacts of climate change.
Objectives Activities Output
Enhance site-specific knowledge on the
vulnerability of agriculture and fisheries to the
impacts of climate change (CC)
Conduct of provincial-level vulnerability and
risk assessments for the agriculture and
fisheries.
Provincial-level vulnerability and risk assessment studies
and maps produced and disseminated.
Conduct of studies and simulation models
on the impacts of climate change on major
crops and livestock based on the VA and
climate change scenarios.
Vulnerability of the sectors to different CC scenarios
conducted.
Conduct researches and disseminate
knowledge and technologies on climate
Develop and/or update climate change
research and development (R&D) agenda
for agriculture and fisheries sectors.
R&D agenda formulated, updated and translated to
research and development programs.


Objectives Activities Output
change adaptation to reduce vulnerability of
the sector to CC.
Develop appropriate technologies and
adaptation measures, including indigenous
knowledge and autonomous adaptation
practices.
Technologies and adaptation measures developed,
promoted and implemented.
Develop climate-resilient crop and livestock
production systems and technologies
Technologies on crop and livestock production systems,
including CC-resilient crop varieties and animal breeds
developed.
Conduct researches on best practices in
fisheries and coastal CC adaptation,
technologies, and tools
CC-adaption tools and best practices in fisheries
developed.
Establish knowledge management on CC
information for agriculture and fisheries
Develop accessible and gendered
knowledge products on climate change
risks, adaptation, and DRR for agriculture
and fisheries.
Number of gender-sensitive knowledge products
developed.
Establish a resource network on CC
agriculture and fisheries
Resource network on CC agriculture and fisheries
created and established to include managers,
development workers, technology generators, academe,
agri and fisheries-based NGOs, and peoples
organizations, at the national, regional, and provincial
levels.
Establish climate information system and
database for agriculture and fisheries
sectors
Climate change information system at the national and
local levels established.
Conduct IEC on CC to promote best
practices and developed technologies
through multi-media, outreach, and other
means of disseminating information.
Number of persons/communities reached by IEC
activities.

IO1.OA2. Climate-sensitive agriculture and fisheries policies, plans and program formulated.
Objectives Activities Output
Integrate and harmonize CLIMATE CHANGE
ACTIONS and DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction)
in national and local agriculture and fisheries
policies and plans, including the Philippine
Development Plan
Review and harmonize existing policies on
food production and distribution.
Existing policies reviewed and harmonized (climate-
responsive PDP, AFM Plan)
Lobby for congress to enact a national land
use policy
National land use bill enacted
Conduct of annual CC adaptation planning
and budgeting
Annual CCA plants, targets and budgets for agriculture
and fisheries formulated
Complete the delineation of municipal
water
Delineation of municipal waters completed
Formulate guidelines on reversion of
abandoned fishponds back to mangroves
Guidelines formulated and approved


Objectives Activities Output
Conduct climate sensitizing/proofing and
gender-responsiveness of the
Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry
Development Plan
Climate- and gender-sensitizing of the CNFIDP conducted
and implemented
Harmonize climate change adaptations
plans in local resource management and
local fisheries development
CC adaptation in local resource management and local
fisheries development harmonized
Regulate commodity shifting and
agricultural land conversion
Policy formulated and approved
Scale up implementation of best practices Implement climate-responsive and gender-
sensitive Comprehensive National
Fisheries Industry Development Plans
No. of climate-responsive and gender-sensitive CNFIDP
programs implemented.
Scale up implementation of best practices
on fisheries climate change adaptation
No. of best practices adopted by farming and fishing
communities and industries.
Establish early warning systems for
fisheries and agriculture
No. of farming and fishing communities adopting early
warning system.
Repair and rehabilitate national and
communal irrigation systems
No. of national and communal irrigation systems repaired
and rehabilitated.
Implement agricultural and fisheries waste
recycling and composting
Waste recycling and composting implemented
Monitor and evaluate implementation of CCA
and DRR plans in agriculture
Develop key performance indicators and
rating system to monitor CCA-DRR
implementation in the sector
Performance monitoring indicators developed and utilized.
Conduct regular evaluation of adaptation
practices
Regular review and evaluation of adaptation practices
conducted

IO2. Enhanced resilience of agriculture and fishing communities from climate change.
Output area (OA) Indicators
IO2.OA1. Enhanced capacity for CCA and DRR of
government, farming and fishing communities and
industry.
1. No. of farmers and fisher folk communities trained on adaptation best practices and DRR.
2. No. and type of formal curricula and non-formal training programs developed and
implemented for agriculture and fisheries.
IO2.OA2. Enhanced social protection for farming and
fishing communities
1. No. farming and fishing communities with weather-based insurance
2. Increase in the no. of small farmers and fisher fold who are credit worthy.





IO2.OA1. Enhanced capacity for CCA and DRR of government, farming and fishing communities and industry.
Objectives Activities Output
Build the capacity of farming and fishing
communities on adaptation and DRR
Improve and expand extension service and
agricultural support to highly climate
change vulnerable communities and areas
No. of farming and fishing communities reached by
extension service.
Conduct CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION and
DRR training for farming and fishing
communities
No. of fishing and farming communities implementing
DRR and CCA.
Establish farmers field school to
demonstrate best adaptation practices
No. of field schools established
Integrate CCA and DRR in agriculture and
fishery curricula and training programs
Review agriculture and fisheries education
and develop climate change responsive
curricula
Climate change responsive agriculture and fisheries
curricula developed.
Develop non-formal training programs on
CCA best practices
No. of short courses and non-formal training programs
developed and implemented.

IO2.OA2. Enhanced social protection for farming and fishing communities
Objectives Activities Output
Implement risk transfer and social protection
mechanisms for agriculture and fishery
Conduct policy study on climate change
risk transfer and social protection
mechanisms for agriculture and fisheries
Policy studies conducted
Design and implement climate change risk
transfer and social protection mechanisms
for agriculture and fisheries
Social protection and risk transfer mechanisms designed
and implemented
Develop innovative financing mechanisms
to provide seed capital for the
implementation of CCA among farmers and
fisher folk organizations
Appropriate financing mechanisms developed and
implemented.
Organize and train farmers and fisher folk
organizations on organizational
development and fund management
Farmers and fisher folk organizations trained.

Reference
Climate Change Commission. National Climate Change Action Plan 2011 2028