Document Modified by Ramesh..

**** SUBQUERIES & MULTIPLE SUBQUERIES ****

ROWNUM
=>1a. Select FIRST n records from a table

select * from emp where rownum <= &n;


=>1b. Select LAST n records from a table

select * from emp minus select * from emp
where rownum <= (select count(*) - &n from emp);


=>2a. Select * from emp where ROWNUM >= 1; --- what happens=>

## returns all rows of table


=>2b. Select * from emp where ROWNUM > 1; --- what happens=>

## gives ?NO ROWS SELECTED?


=>2c. Select * from emp where ROWNUM > 0; --- what happens=>

## returns all rows of table


=>2d. Select * from emp where ROWNUM = 1; --- what happens=>

## Yes, this returns the 1st row


=>2e. Select * from emp where ROWNUM > 5; --- what happens=>

## gives ?NO ROWS SELECTED?


=>2f. Select * from emp where ROWID is null; --- what happens=>

## gives 'NO ROWS SELECTED'


=>2g. Select * from emp where ROWID is not null; --- what happens=>


## Returns all rows from the table.
Decode()
=>3. To select ALTERNATE(EVEN NUMBERED) records from a table

select * from emp where rowid in (select
decode(mod(rownum,2),0,rowid,
null) from emp);

## here in the DECODE function,
1st argument (mod(rownum,2)) is expression to check,
2nd argument (0) is a search value,
3rd argument (rowid) is to return the even rows if expr returns 0,
4th argument (null) is to return no rows if expr does not return 0.


=>3a. To select ALTERNATE(ODD NUMBERED) records from a table

select * from emp where rowid in (select
decode(mod(rownum,2),0,null,
rowid) from emp);


=>4. If sal >= 2000, increment salary by 1000 else return sal from emp table

select ename,empno,job,sal,
decode(mod(sal,2000),sal,sal,
sal+1000) salinc from emp;


n AND nth MAXIMUM & MINIMUM SALARIES
=>5. Find the 3rd MAX salary in the emp table

select distinct sal from emp a
where 3 = (select count(distinct sal) from emp b
where a.sal <= b.sal); -- sals in descending order

## The count() function in the subquery is set to return the count of each distinct salaries
arranged in descending order (since <= is used here (i.e for max '<=' is used)). So when
it reaches the 3rd record (i.e count is 3) its corresponding sal will be returned finally.

for eg.,

emp a emp b
4000 4000
3000 3000
2500 2500
1800 1800


=>6. Find the 3rd MIN salary in the emp table

select distinct sal from emp a
where 3 = (select count(distinct sal) from emp b
where a.sal >= b.sal); -- sals in ascending order


=>7. Find 3 MAX salaries in the emp table

select distinct sal from emp a
where 3 >= (select count(distinct sal) from emp b
where a.sal <= b.sal) order by a.sal desc;


=>8. Find 3 MIN salaries in the emp table

select distinct sal from emp a
where 3 >= (select count(distinct sal) from emp b
where a.sal >= b.sal);


=>9. Find the nth MAX date from emp table

select distinct hiredate from emp a
where &n = (select count(distinct to_char(hiredate,'ddd'))
from emp b where a.hiredate <= b.hiredate);
or
select distinct hiredate from emp a where
3 = (select count(distinct hiredate) from emp b where
a.hiredate <= b.hiredate);

## here no need of converting date to char datatype as in 1st query


=>10. Delete DUPLICATE records based on deptno

delete from emp a where rowid !=
(select max(rowid) from emp b where
a.deptno=b.deptno);

## this query will retain all the records which are having unique deptno that are having
maximum rowid and delete the rest duplicate ones ie., which are having repeated deptnos.

=>11. Select DISTINCT RECORDS from emp table

select * from emp a where
rowid = (select max(rowid) from emp b where
a.empno=b.empno);

## here we can have 'in' also instead of '='






**** JOINS ****
OUTER JOIN
=>1. List employees' names and their managers' names (USING OUTER JOIN)

select lo.ename "EMP NAMES", hi.ename "MGR NAMES" from
emp lo, emp hi where lo.mgr = hi.empno(+);

## where (we can find the empno against each manager) each lo.mgr is a manager of a
hi.empno
or
select a.empno,a.ename,a.mgr,b.ename from emp a, emp b where
b.ename = (select b.ename from emp b where a.mgr = b.empno) ;
or
select a.empno,a.ename,a.mgr,b.ename from emp a, emp b where
where a.mgr = b.empno ;


=>2. List Dept no., Dept name for all the departments in which there are no employees in the
department (REPEATED QUESTION NO(3) BELOW UNDER ?INTERVIEW QUESTIONS?)

select empno,ename,b.deptno,dname from emp a, dept b
where a.deptno(+) = b.deptno and empno is null; -- (1)

## (1) gives empno and ename as null also
or

select * from dept where deptno not in (select deptno from emp); -- (2)
or

select * from dept a where
not exists (select * from emp b where
a.deptno = b.deptno); -- (3)

## (2) & (3) GIVE THE SAME RESULT as (1)


=>3. List the count of number of employees in each department (REPEATED QUESTION
NO(4) BELOW UNDER ?INTERVIEW QUESTIONS?)

select count(EMPNO), b.deptno, dname from emp a, dept b
where a.deptno(+)=b.deptno
group by b.deptno,dname;

## NOTE : Here if we give count(*) it counts as 1 for deptno = 40. So we must give
count(empno) only for our required correct output.


=>4a. Creating a table 'parts' with some constraints

create table parts(
partno number(2),
partname char(15),
alt_partno number(2) references parts(partno),
constraint pky primary key(partno));

## 1st record insertion shd be null for alt_partno

eg. insert into parts values (09,'refil',null);


=>4b. List all partnames and their alternate partnames

select a.partname "PARTNAME" ,b.partname "ALT PARTNAME" from
parts a, parts b where
b.partno(+) = a.alt_partno


=>5. Details of employees along with their location (EQUI JOIN)

select empno,ename,a.deptno,b.dname,b.loc
from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno;


=>6. Details of ALLEN along with his location

select empno,ename,a.deptno,b.dname,b.loc
from emp a, dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno
and ename = 'ALLEN';


=>7. List down the employees working in CHICAGO

select empno,ename,loc from
emp a, dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno and
loc = 'CHICAGO';


=>8. List down details of employees getting sal < that of ALLEN

select b.empno, b.ename,b.deptno,b.sal
from emp a, emp b where a.ename = 'ALLEN'
and b.sal <= a.sal;
or
select empno,ename,deptno,sal from emp
where sal < (select sal from
emp where ename = 'ALLEN');

**** VIEWS ****

## information on table views can be obtained from the table
called USER_VIEWS ##

SINGLE TABLE VIEWS

SQL> create view empv1 as select * from emp;

.To create a view and insert - ( To insert a record in a view, the view should consist of the NOT
NULL (MANDATORY) column of the base table)

SQL>create view emp_view as select ename,job,sal from
emp where sal <1500;

## view created

SQL>insert into emp_view values('xxx','clerk',1000);

SQL> insert into emp_view values('xxx','clerk',1000)
2 *
3 ERROR at line 1:
4 ORA-01400: mandatory (NOT NULL) column is missing or NULL during insert


CREATE VIEWS WITH THE CHECK OPTIONS

SQL> create or replace view empview as select
sal,empno,ename from emp where sal>1500;

## in the above case no record can be inserted into the table through the view EMPVIEW if
the value of sal<1500, however the record can be inserted into the table directly.

SQL> create or replace view empview sal,empno,ename,dname
as select sal,empno,ename,dname from emp a, dept b where
a.deptno=b.deptno and sal >1500 with check option;

## information on the check option can be obtained from the table called ALL_VIEWS

To create a view with 'with check option' and updating

SQL>create view emp_view as select ename,job,sal
from emp where sal <1500 with check option;

## View created.

SQL>update emp_view set sal=sal + 1000;
update emp_view set sal=sal + 1000
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01402: view WITH CHECK OPTION where-clause violation

MULTI TABLE VIEWS

SQL>create or replace view empview
as select empno,ename,a.deptno,dname from
emp a, dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno;

## in complex table views no update,insert, etc.(i.e. DML commands) will be applicable


SQL>create view emp_dept_view as
select empno,ename,a.deptno,dname from
emp a,dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno;

SQL>create view dept_grp_view as
select deptno,max(sal) "max sal" from
emp group by deptno;


CREATE VIEW FROM A NON EXISTING TABLE USING 'FORCE' KEYWORD

SQL> create FORCE view v1 as select * from aaa;

Warning: View created with compilation errors.


CREATING VIEWS WITH COLUMNS RENAMED

create or replace view empview (emp_number,emp_name,salary,dept_name)
as select empno,ename,sal,dname from emp a, dept b where
a.deptno=b.deptno;

ALTERING VIEWS

alter view empview compile;

## this command is useful if the table was altered using the command "alter table ...." , the
command now regenerates the view ###

TO DROP A VIEW

drop view empview ;

**** SET OPERATORS ****
1. MINUS

SQL> select job from emp where deptno=20 MINUS
select job from emp where deptno=30;
or
SQL> select distinct
job from emp where deptno=20 and
job not in (select job from emp where deptno=30);

## Here if we don't give distinct in subquery then repeated jobs may be displayed if job
is repeated in the dept=20.


2. UNION

SQL> select job from emp where deptno=10 UNION
select job from emp where deptno=20;
or
SQL> select distinct job from emp where deptno in(10,20);
or
SQL> select distinct job from emp where deptno=10 or deptno=20;


3. UNION ALL

SQL> select job from emp where deptno=10 UNION ALL
select job from emp where deptno=20;
or
SQL> select job from emp where deptno in(10,20);


4. INTERSECT

SQL> select job from emp where deptno=20 INTERSECT
select job from emp where deptno=30;
or
SQL> select distinct job from emp where deptno=20
and job in (select distinct job from emp where deptno=30);

**** INT QUESTIONS (QUERIES) ****
=>1. Produce the following report: dept no dept name avg_sal of
dept

select b.deptno "dept no",dname "dept name",avg(sal) "avg sal of dept"
from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno
group by b.deptno, dname;


=>2. Produce the above report for sal > 2000

select b.deptno "dept no",dname "dept name",avg(sal) "avg sal of dept"
from emp a, dept b where a.deptno = b.deptno
group by b.deptno, dname having avg(sal) > 2000;


=>3. List dept no., Dept name for all the departments in which there are no employees in the
department (REPEATED QUESTION NO.(2) AT TOP UNDER ?JOINS?)

select empno,ename,b.deptno,dname from emp a, dept b
where a.deptno(+) = b.deptno and empno is null; -- (1)

## (1) gives empno and ename as null also
or
select * from dept where deptno not in (select deptno from emp); -- (2)
or
select * from dept a where
not exists (select * from emp b where
a.deptno = b.deptno); -- (3)

## (2) & (3) GIVE THE SAME RESULT as (1)


=>4. List the count of number of employees in each department (REPEATED QUESTION
NO(3) AT TOP UNDER ?JOINS?)

select count(EMPNO), b.deptno, dname from emp a, dept b
where a.deptno(+)=b.deptno
group by b.deptno,dname;

## NOTE : Here if we give count(*) it counts as 1 for deptno = 40. So we must give
count(empno) only for our required correct output.


=>5. List ename,sal,new salary with 25% rise in existing sal for those employees who have
present sal< 2000 and are from departments 10 & 20

select ename, deptno, sal, sal+(sal*.25) " new sal" from emp
where sal < 2000 and deptno in (10,20);


=>6. List empno,ename,sal,manager's name, manager's sal for all employees who earn more
than their manager

select a.empno empno, a.ename name, a.sal "emp sal",
b.ename "mgr name", b.sal "mgr sal" from emp a, emp b
where a.mgr = b.empno and a.sal > b.sal;


=>7. List the name and salary of all the employees working in all the departments who earn
more salary than everybody in deptno=20

select ename, deptno, sal from emp where
sal > (select max(sal) from emp where deptno=30);


=>8. Copy only the structure(not records) from an existing table while creating a table

create table empp as select * from emp where 1= 2;

## Here 1=2 is a false condition hence copies only the structure of emp to empp table(but not
the records)


**** SOME QUESTIONS ****

=>1. Create referential integrity on emp table with respect to deptno on deptno of dept table

alter table emp add (constraint emp_fk foreign key(deptno)
references dept(deptno));


=>2. Create a check to ensure that only ename and job is entered in uppercase

alter table emp1 add (constraint nm_upp check(ename = upper(ename)),
constraint job_upp check(job = upper(job)));


=>3. List all employees who have joined before the 'president'

select empno, ename, hiredate from emp1 where hiredate < (select hiredate
from emp1 where job = 'PRESIDENT');


=>4. List all employees who have joined after 12th march 1982

select * from emp where hiredate > '12-MAR-82';


=>5. Assuming hiredate as birthdate of an employee list hiredate and retirement of all
employees

select empno,ename,hiredate,
to_number(to_char(hiredate,'yy')) + 58 "RETIREMENT DATE" from
emp; /* not correct */


=>6. List empno,ename,'Manager' or 'Staff', sal with an employee appearing only once in the
list. Print 'Manager' for a manager and 'Staff' for non-managers

select empno,ename,sal, decode(job,'MANAGER','Manager','Staff')
from emp ;


=>7. List the empno,ename,sal of the first 5 highest paid employees. (Do not use the rownum or
rowid functions. Use only std SQL features)

select max(sal) from emp where sal <
(select max(sal) from emp ) <
(select max(sal) from emp where sal <
(select max(sal) from emp where sal <
(select max(sal) from emp ))));


=>8. List the command to produce the following effect on the dept table

before after
deptno deptno
10 10
12 20
17 20
22 30
26 30
30 30
32 40

update dept set deptno = round(deptno+5,-1) where mod(deptno,10)!=0;


=>9. If the salary of Clerks does not fall in the range 0-1000 then display 'Not Valid' against the
clerks' names

select empno,ename,sal,decode(sign(sal), sign(1000-sal),'Within Range','Not Valid')
from emp where job = 'CLERK';

## select empno,sal,sign(sal),sign(sal-1000) from emp


=>10. Find all departments which have more than 3 employees

select deptno,count(empno) from emp
group by deptno having count(empno) >= 3;

********************************************************************************

********************************************************************************
1. Creation of a new table

Create table dept (dept number (2), dname char(20));


2. Creation of a table from another table

create table emp1 as select * from emp;


3. Copy of structure only from another table

create table emp1 as select * from emp where 1=2

## (1=2 is a false condition hence only the stucture is copied)


4. To insert at macro level into a table *

insert into emply values (&no,'&name',&dept,'&job','&dob','&jn_dt',&pay);


5. To append data from one table to another

insert into emp1 select * from emp;


6. Creation of constraints on a new table

create table emp1
(empno number(5) primary key,
ename varcha2(20) not null,
sal number(10,2) check (sal>1000),
phone number(6) unique);

## here the constraint name is alloted by oracle


7. Creation of contraints on a new table with contraint names

create table emp1 (empno number(5) constraint pk primary key,
ename varcha2(20) constraint nt not null,
sal number(10,2) constraint ch check (sal>1000),
phone number(6) constraint un unique);

## if constraint name is not provided by the owner the system by default assigns a contraint
name in the format "SYS_C-----" where ----- is a continuous number


8. Creation of constraint with "REFERENCES" Table called DEPT should be existing where the
column Called deptno with primary key constraint

create table emp1
(empno number(5) constraint pk primary key,
ename varcha2(20) constraint nt not null,
deptno NUMBER(2) references dept(deptno) [on delete cascade],
sal number(10,2) constraint ch check (sal>1000),
sex char constraint ck (sex in ('M','F')),
phone number(6) constraint un unique);

## the syntax in square brackets is optional, i.e deleting any row in DEPT TABLE will delete
all related rows in the dependent table


9. Creation of constraint on an existing table (egs)

SQL>alter table emp add (constraint FK foreign key (deptno)
references dept(deptno) [on delete cascade]);

SQL>alter table emp add constraint pk primary key(empno);

SQL>alter table emp1 add (constraint pk primary key(empno),
constraint fk1 foreign key (mgr) references emp1(empno)
on delete cascade);

SQL> alter table emp add constraint pk primary key(empno,phone)

## pk creates a composite primary key on two fields

SQL>delete from emp1 where empno = (select empno from emp1
where ename = 'KING');


10. To drop a constraint on a table

alter table dept1 drop constraint pk;

## refer constraint name in table called USER_CONSTRAINTS


11. To drop the main tables, its constraints with its referencing tables

drop table dept cascade constraints ;

## drops all referential integrity constraints referring to the keys in the dropped table also ,
does drop the dependent tables.


12. Creation of table with DEFAULT values

create table emp1
(empno number(5) primary key,
ename varcha2(20) not null,
sal number(10,2) default 3500,
phone number(6) unique);

## Strictly speaking DEFAULT is not a constraint since this information will not be available in
the user_constraints table

## DEFAULT clause is applicable to tables with more than one column only

##To find out DEFAULT setup values on a table, check in table called
"USER_TABS_COLUMNS?

## to find the information on only primary key and foreign keys check in table called
"USER_CONS_COLUMNS "


13 To modify default clause on a column

alter table emp modify (sal default null);


14. Cascade constraints - to only drop constraints and its references that are related in other
dependent tables.

alter table dept drop constraint pk cascade;

## here any table referencing this table DEPT for pk will drop automatically the constraint on
all dependent tables


15. To disable/enable a constraint on a table

SQL>alter table dept disable constraint pk ;

## here pk is the primary key of the column

SQL> alter table dept enable constraint nt;

## here nt is the not null of the column


16. Display of data with spaces in the alias names

select deptno "Dept no " from dept1;


17. To obtain the retirement date for any person

select add_months(last_day('&dob'),58*12)
"Retirement Date" from dual;/* not correct*/

select to_char(hiredate,'dd-mon-yyyy'),
to_char(add_months(last_day(hiredate),58*12),'dd-mon-yyyy')
from emp;

##the above query works correctly dealing with year 2000.

18. To obtain the manager's name for a person in the emp table (REFER JOINS-?OUTER
JOIN)

select a.empno,a.ename,a.mgr,b.ename from emp a, emp b where
b.ename = (select b.ename from emp b where a.mgr = b.empno) ;
or
select a.empno,a.ename,a.mgr,b.ename from emp a, emp b where
where a.mgr = b.empno ;

19. To find the no. of months left in service

select months_between(add_months(last_day('16-MAY-64'),58*12),
to_date(sysdate)) "No.Of months" from dual;
or
select months_between(to_date('31-MAY-2022','DD-MON-YYYY'),
to_date(sysdate)) from dual;

## here in to_date(sysdate) no need to give ?to_date?
PSEUDOCOLUMNS

20. To select only the 1st row from any table

select * from emp where rownum =1;

## only rownum operates with the literal 1 for the 1st row for eg. "where rownum = 5" is wrong


21. To display the hierarchial order of emp table

select level, ename EMPNAME, job
from emp start with job = 'PRESIDENT' connect by prior empno=mgr;


22. To select from table with subquieries

select * from emp where ename =
(select ename from emp where empno = '7566');


## here the subquery returns only one value ( or row) if the SQ returns more than one row
then an error message occurs


23. To select from table where the SQ returns more than one row

SQL>select * from emp where sal in
(select sal from emp where deptno = 20);

## for multiple rows returned the SQ must be preceded with the clause "IN" or "NOT IN" or
"ANY" or "ALL"

## the "=" clause will yield error

SQL> select * from emp where exists (select deptno from deptno)

## if the SQ following 'exists' returns atleast one row then the main query returns all the rows

SQL> select dept.deptno,dept.dname from dept where
dept.deptno = (select emp.deptno,dept.dname from emp,dept
where emp.deptno!=dept.deptno);


24. Select with more than one column

select * from emp where (job,deptno) in
(select job,deptno from emp where sal>1000);


25. Select with Multiple sqs

select * from emp where empno in
(select empno from emp where deptno =
(select deptno from dept where dname='SALES'));


26. To select 1st 'm' rows and last 'n' rows from a table

select * from emp where rownum <= &m union
(select * from emp minus
(select * from emp where rownum <=
(select count(*) - &n from emp)));


27. To select a range of rows from a table say starting from rownum = 's' and say 'r' rows

=>=>=> select * from emp where rownum <=(s+r) intersect
(select * from emp minus
(select * from emp where rownum <=
(select count(*)-(s+r) from emp))) ;

## say rownum 5 to 8

select * from emp where rownum <=8 intersect
(select * from emp minus
(select * from emp where rownum <=
(select count(*)-13 from emp))) ;


28a. Select with group by and having clause - where clause is also applicable

select sum(sal),deptno,nvl(sum(comm),0) from emp1 group by deptno ;

28b. Selecting avg(sal) individual average sal of various departments

select a.deptno,dname,avg(sal) from emp a, dept b
where a.deptno=b.deptno
group by a.deptno,dname;


28c. Conditional group by

select a.deptno,dname,avg(sal) from emp a, dept b
where a.deptno=b.deptno
group by a.deptno,dname having avg(sal) >2000;

## in a group by clause always the "selected columns" should be listed in the columns
following the group by clause


29. Order by clause with ascending/descending

select * from emp where sal > 2000 order by sal desc, ename asc;


30. EQUI JOIN conditions i.e. '=' operator

select empno,ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;

31. OUTER JOIN conditions (REFER JOINS-OUTER JOINS)

##to select all departments

select b.deptno,dname,empno,ename from dept b,emp a where
b.deptno=a.deptno(+) and b.deptno in (select b.deptno from dept);

##to select only departments where no employees are present

select b.deptno,dname,empno,ename from dept b,emp a where
b.deptno=a.deptno(+) and b.deptno in (select b.deptno from dept)
and empno is null;
or
select deptno,dname from dept where deptno not in (select deptno
from emp);
or
select deptno,dname from dept a where not exists
(select * from emp b where a.deptno = b.deptno)


32. SELF JOIN conditions applicable only for common tables

SQL> select a.ename,a.job, b.ename from emp a, emp b where a.empno=b.empno;

SQL> select a.empno "Emp No",a.ename "Emp Name", a.mgr "Mgr No",
b.ename "Mgr Name" from emp a, emp b where
b.ename = (select ename from emp where a.mgr=empno);


33. NON_EQUI join conditions

select sal,empno from emp,dept where dept.deptno=emp.deptno
and sal between 1000 and 3000;


****INDEXES****


## information on indexes is available in the table called USER_INDEXES

Creating indexes on tables

create index empndx on emp (empno asc, sal desc, mgr desc);

## Only a maximum of 16 columns can be included in the index column this is same as
primary key where only 16 columns can be included at a time


create an UNIQUE INDEXES

create unique index empuniq on emp (empno,mgr,sal);


To drop an index

drop index empuniq;


How to disable an index

## actually no index can be disabled, only an index usage can be avoided through an SQL
statement

## for if there is an index table called empndx on the empno then the following SQL fools the
index

select * from emp where empno + 1 - 1 = 7902;

## here actually there is no index by name empno+1-1 and hence can be avoided

****SEQUENCES ****

To create a sequence which is also a database object

## always the 2 psuedocolumns - nextval & currval are affiliated with sequences

create sequence empno
increment by 2
start with 100
maxvalue 500
minvalue 150 - gives error
cycle
cache 25; -- here 25 is the ready memory of numbers

## START WITH <value> cannot be less than MINVALUE

To select from sequences

## always once the sequence is created to know the current val first use "select
empno.nextval from dual" and then use the command "select empno.currval/empno.nextval
from dual"

SQL> select empno.nextval from dual;

SQL> select empno.currval from dual;


To alter the sequence

alter sequence empno increment by .....


How to generate a sequence without using the sequences

select max(empno)+1 from emp;

If the sequence is for the very first instance then

select nvl(max(empno),0)+1 from dual
update emp set empno = nvl(max(empno),0)+1 where

## information on the sequences can be obtained from the table called USER_SEQUENCES

To get the listing of sequences already created

select * from cat; -- catalogue table

## synonym table name for cat is user_catalog;


**** CREATION OF CLUSTERS ****

SQL> create cluster clust (deptno number(2));

SQL> alter cluster clust (deptno number(2));

SQL> alter table emp1 (empno number(5), ename char(10), deptno number(2))
cluster clust(deptno);

SQL> Create table emp2
(empno number(4) primary key,
ename varchar2(20) constraint ch1 check(ename = upper(ename)),
mgr number(4) references emp2(empno),
comm number(7,2),
job varchar2(15) constraint ch2 check(job = upper(job)),
deptno number(2) not null);


=>=>=> delete from emp where rowid = (select * from emp minus
(select * from emp where rownum <= (select max(rownum)-14 from emp)))


GENERAL QUESTIONS
What is Oracle =>
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How does Oracle compare to ... =>
SQL QUESTIONS
How can I avoid a divide by zero error =>
Can I update tables from other tables=>
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Can I update using a view =>
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What is ROWNUM good for =>
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Who are SCOTT/TIGER, SYSTEM and SYS =>
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SQL*PLUS QUESTIONS
How can I control the startup configuration of SQL*Plus =>
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Can I escape significant punctuation marks =>
SQL*FORMS 3 QUESTIONS
How can I get a list of values from a hard coded list =>
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Why is my terminal scrambled in a user exit =>
What happens to LONGs =>
What are user-written form level functions =>
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What is a user-exit =>
How can I call a popup window for field validation =>
SQL*FORMS 4 QUESTIONS
What new features can be expected in forms 4 generator from CASE =>
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PRO*C QUESTIONS
Why are my C variables overwritten =>
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What can I do about ?line too long? errors with version control=>
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How do I use OPS$login =>
CASE QUESTIONS
Can CASE generate forms with owner prepended to table names =>
Can CASE generate V7 databases =>
UNIX QUESTIONS
Can I create a compressed export on the fly without needing to have the space for both the
export file and the compressed file=>
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How can I get an environmental variable into SQL*Plus variables=>
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Why do Pro*C compiles or programs crash on my Sun =>
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How can I tell make about SQL*Forms =>
MISC QUESTIONS
How can I alter table storage parameters from an export file=>
What makes the best Oracle server for a network =>
How can I implement version control =>
What books are available about Oracle =>