Dane Reyes XA

Chapter 13
1. Variation naturally occurs in populations as new traits arise from random mutations. However, through
natural selection only those traits that are beneficial to the organism are passed on to the next generation.
Any harmful mutations are naturally weeded out.
2. Comparative embryology: comparing natural birthing ways and techniques of said animals.
3. Predicting the flow of genes with the surrounding populations
4. Beceause of their overdominance.
5. Preferential mating, selection, immigration, mutations in the species genome.
6. The environment is unpredictable and changing. To create a perfect organism the amount of time must
be in check and it must be isolated in an unchanging environment.
7. Because of population and different kinds of variations.
8. Survival of the fittest is in a sense of indipendence of one organism for it to survive on its own, while
fitness is a state of good health.
Chapter 14
1. A species is often defined as a group of indivduals, it is the basic unit of biological classification.
2. Habitat isolation, sexual isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation. An example Sexual isolation is
when a male and a female is unable to find a mate in a certain environment.
3.
4. A cell or organism contains 2 or more pairs of hmologous chromosomes.
5. Adaptive Radiation -is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms,
particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges and
opens environmental niches.
Chapter 15
1. Organic molecules and water
2. Stage 1 :As for the first, three scenarios have been proposed: organic molecules
were synthesized from inorganic compounds in the atmosphere the "primeval soup" theory;
rained down on earth from outer space;
were synthesized at hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor.
Stage 2 : Synthetic polymers are produced by chemical reactions, termed "polymerizations."
Polymerizations occur in varied forms--far too many to examine here--but such reactions consist of the
repetitive chemical bonding of individual molecules, or monomers. Assorted combinations of heat,
pressure and catalysis alter the chemical bonds that hold monomers together, causing them to bond with
one another.
Stage 3:
Stage 4: Any behavior of a dynamical system that yields construction of an identical copy of itself.
Biological cells, given suitable environments, reproduce by cell division.
3.
4. Macroevolution generally refers to evolution above the species level. So instead of focusing on an
individual beetle species, a macroevolutionary lens might require that we zoom out on the tree of life, to
assess the diversity of the entire beetle clade and its position on the tree.