!ayson 8ryan L.

MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML

Network Analysis 1:
Complex Circuit


Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME






!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
Wye or Star Network and Delta Networks

The network in the Figure 1 is called a T (tee) or Y (wye) network because of its shape. T
and Y are different names for the same network, except that in the Y network the R
a
and R
b

arms form the upper part of a Y.







Figure 2 called a (pi) or (delta) network because its shape resembles these greek letters
and are different names for the same network.










!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
to Y conversion or to T conversion

Rule 1: The rule for to Y conversion can be stated as follows:
The resistance of any branch of the Y network is equal to the
product of the two adjacent sides of the network divided by the
sum of the three A resistances.





Y to conversion or T to conversion

Rule 2: The rule for Y to conversion can be stated as follows:
The resistance of any side of the network is equal to the sum of
the Y network resistances multiplied two at a time, divided by the
resistance of the opposite branch of the Y network.








!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
Series-Parallel Parallel Series Series of Parallel










Independent and Dependent Sources
Those voltage or current sources, which do not depend on any other quantity in the circuit, are
called independent sources. An independent d.c. voltage source is shown in Figure (a)
whereas a time-varying voltage source is shown in Figure (b). The positive sign shows that
terminal A is positive with respect to terminal B. In other words, potential of terminal A is v volts
higher than that of terminal B.





!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
Similarly, Figure (c) shows an ideal constant current source whereas Figure (d) depicts a time-
varying current source. The arrow shows the direction of flow of the current at any moment
under consideration.

A dependent voltage or current source is one which depends on some other quantity in the
circuit which may be either a voltage or a current. Such a source is represented by a diamond-
shaped symbol as shown in Figure so as not to confuse it with an independent source. There
are four possible dependent sources:

1. Voltage-dependent voltage source [Figure (a)]
2. Current-dependent voltage source [Figure (b)]
3. Voltage-dependent current source [Figure (c)]
4. Current-dependent current source [Figure (d)]









Independent sources actually exist as physical entities such as a battery, a d.c. generator and
an alternator etc. But dependent sources are parts of models that are used to represent
electrical properties of electronic devices such as operational amplifiers and transistors etc.
!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
Sample Problems
1) A network is shown in Figure.
Find the resistances of an equivalent
Y network and draw the network.



2) Given the calculated resistances of the Y network in
previous example, R
a
= 1.2 , R
b
= 2 , and
R
c
= 3, confirm the values of equivalent resistances in the network.

3) Find the total resistance, total circuit current, and branch currents of the circuit shown

Ans. 18 , 3A, 2A, 1A





4) Determine the voltage of the dependent voltage source





!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
Supplementary Problems

In the unbalanced bridge circuit of Figure (a), find the potential
difference that exists across the open switch S. Also, find the current
which will flow through the switch when it is closed.


Convert delta circuit into wye network







Convert wye network into delta network









!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
Find the equivalent resistance of the network







The current in the given circuit with a dependent voltage source is





An ohmeter is used for measuring the resistance of a circuit between its two terminals. What
would be the reading of such an instrument used for the circuit of Figure at point (a) AB (b) AC
and (c) BC? All resistances are in ohm.