Seismic Performance Assesment of Moment Resisting RC Frame Building by Benny

Seismic Performance Seismic Performance Seismic Performance Seismic Performance
Moment Resisting Moment Resisting Moment Resisting Moment Resisting

Ben Ben
Ci il/St t Ci il/St t
Ben Ben
Ci il/St t Ci il/St t Civil/Structu Civil/Structu Civil/Structu Civil/Structu
e Assessment of RC e Assessment of RC e Assessment of RC e Assessment of RC
g Frame Building g Frame Building g Frame Building g Frame Building
nny nny
l E i l E i
nny nny
l E i l E i ural Engineer ural Engineer ural Engineer ural Engineer
B ld d d b ld d Buildings are designed per building code
Design. It is a methodology based upon meeting
In prescriptive based design, the normal
l l b h f l b linear-elastic behavior for structural members, w
of forces due to member nonlinear behavior and
Because of this, considerable damage has been
from major earthquakes in recent decades in r f j q
understood as the structures ability to deform
allowed.
During high seismic excitation, the building g g g
linear capacity. There are two inelastic no
performance of a structure subjected to eart
Inelastic Nonlinear Time History Analysis. T
Performance Based Design. It is a methodology f g gy
to provide solutions to complex life safety proble
The purpose of this presentation is to explain th
Analysis using the professional software XTR
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF RC MRF BUILDING
y g p f f
evaluate the performance of multi-storey build
linear dynamic load procedures) when subjecte
Introduction Introduction
l l d P B d regulations, aptly termed Prescriptive Based
g all of the specific requirements of the code.
l engineering analysis practice is to assume
h h f l l bl f d b which fails to reliably account for redistribution
d dissipation of energy due to material yielding.
observed and life safety goals was not achieved
residential and commercial buildings. Safety is g f y
m in the inelastic range but no collapsed is
g generally responds well beyond its elastic and g g y p y
onlinear options available for assessing the
thquake load; namely Pushover Analysis and
These two methods of analyses are used in
y using advanced engineering tools and methods y g g g
ems in order to achieved life safety goals.
he procedure in performing Inelastic Nonlinear
RACT v3.0.8 and PERFORM-3D v4.0.3, to
AI T AI T -- Thailand Thailand
ACECOMS Civil/Structural Engineer
BENNY BENNY
dings (designed by traditional linear static and
ed to earthquake ground motion.
Performance Performance Performance Performancee Objectives e Objectives e Objectives e Objectives
Vision 2000 Committee of SEAO
performance based seismic enginee
certain performance criteria in ord certain performance criteria in ord
objectives for different performance
Performance Objectives f j
An expression of the desired per
each earthquake design level. T
i t i t is to resist:
minor levels of earthquake sha
moderate levels of earthqua
l d structural damage.
major levels of earthquake sha
nonstructural damage but prot
th t l l f
the most severe levels of ear
anticipated without collapse.
Overview Overview
OC (1995) describes the concept of
ering that the building needs to satisfy
der to achieve specified performance der to achieve specified performance
levels or damage states.
rformance levels for the building for
The qualitative performance statements
aking (magnitude 4 to 4.9) without damage.
ake shaking (magnitude 5 to 5.9) without
aking (magnitude 6 to 6.9) with structural and
ect life safety.
th k h ki ( it d 7 t 7 9)
BENNY BENNY
rthquake shaking (magnitude 7 to 7.9) ever
Performance Levels
An expression of the maximum d
hi h b id d ti f which may be considered satisf
motion. The standard performanc
Operational Immediate
Occupancy
Moderate EQ Minor EQ
Moderate EQ Minor EQ
desired extends of damage to a building
f t f i th k d factory for a given earthquake ground
ce levels are:
C ll Collapse
Prevention
Life
Safety
Severe EQ Major EQ
BENNY BENNY
Maximum Considered EQ (MCE) Design Basis EQ (DBE)
Severe EQ Major EQ
Gl b l P h
Pushover Pushover
Global Pushover
Immediate Occupancy Operational
r
s
e

S
h
e
a
r
B
a
s
Life Safety
Building Displacement A (ea
(C it ) C
r as Performance Tools r as Performance Tools
(Capacity) Curve
Collapse Prevention
Qualitative performance
l l f FEMA273/274/356 levels of FEMA 273/274/356
superimposed on a global
force-displacement
relationship for a sample
b ildi Th di building. The corresponding
levels of damage are
sketched in the global
pushover (capacity) curve.
Collapse
y
Global
capacity
curve
BENNY BENNY
arthquake intensity)
curve
Perfo Perfo
Performance Based Design (PBD)
prescriptive code approach, and
d th d t id l ti t and methods to provide solutions t
order to achieved life safety goa
definition of multiple target perfor
expected to be achieved, or at least
subjected to earthquake ground motio
Performance Based Seismic Design
and implemented for any building ty
region of the orld Appropriate in region of the world. Appropriate in
developed using probabilistic or d
acceptable level of building damage
and non-structural components.
formance Based Design formance Based Design
is an alternative to the traditional
utilizes advanced engineering tools
t l lif f t bl i to complex life safety problems in
als. The PBD concept implies the
rmance (damage) levels, which are
not exceeded, when the structure is
on of specified intensity.
n (PBSD) criteria can be developed
ype located in any seismically active
ntensities of gro nd shaking can be ntensities of ground shaking can be
deterministic methodologies and an
can be established for both structural
BENNY BENNY
Select
Performance
Objectives
Perform
Preliminary
Design
Assess
Performance
Capability
Revise
Design Design
Does
Performance
Meet
Objectives?
No
Objectives?
The PBD Process The PBD Process
Performance Objectives
Specification of :
Done
Yes
BENNY BENNY
EvaluationA EvaluationA
1. Select hazard level with
probability of exceedance:
4.
Evaluation A Evaluation A
50% in 50 yrs (Minor EQ
that occurs frequently)
20% in 50 yrs (Moderate EQ
5.
that occurs occasionally)
10% in 50 yrs (Major EQ that
occurs rarely)
2% in 50 yrs (Severe EQ that
occurs very rarely)
2 Determine ground motion 2. Determine ground motion.
3. Run Nonlinear Static Analysis.
6.
pproach pproach
Determine maximum roof
displacement, drift, and
d d
pproach pproach
component demands.
Component deformation and force demands are
then checked against component deformation and then checked against component deformation and
force capacities. The corresponding levels of
damage are sketched in the figure.
BENNY BENNY
Pass or fail criterion evaluated on component
by component or global structural basis.
P ti f P ti f Perception of Perception of
f G t f G t f a Guarantee f a Guarantee
BENNY BENNY
Wh th Wh th Why can the pr Why can the pr
Ground Motion
Structural R
Ground Motion
Structural R
The accelelogram selected
is not appropriate.
Incorrect set up
properties of no
and boundary co y
di ti b ? di ti b ? rediction be wrong? rediction be wrong?
A
Response
Damage
Response
of component
onlinear model
onditions.
The damage state did not
satisfy the qualitative y q
performance criteria.
BENNY BENNY
Pushover Capac Pushover Capac
Where pushover analysis is carried ou
buildings deformability, a load-displa
and a demand spectrum is also constr and a demand spectrum is also constr
absorption capability of the structure.
S
Demand Spec
Based on Elas
S
a
Based on Elas
Capacity of B
Performance
Point

De
city city- -Demand Spectrum Demand Spectrum
ut as one of the means of evaluating the
acement (capacity) spectrum is created
ructed depending on the level of energy ructed depending on the level of energy
ctrum
stic
Demand Spectrum
Reduced Based on
Inelastic Capacity of
Building
stic
Building
g
Capacity
Spectrum
Performance point
h represents the
buildings ultimate
deformation under the
design earthquake.
BENNY BENNY
S
d
esign
g q
E l f B ildi E l f B ildi
Figure below illustrates a global pushover (ca
Example of Building Example of Building
Earthquake Earthquake
demand: moderate event, major event and
demand spectrum with the capacity curve ind
pushed and is defined as the Performance Poin pushed and is defined as the Performance Poin
S
h
e
a
r
B
a
s
e

S
Major Ev Moderate Event
Building Displaceme
C it C C it C
apacity) curve and the three levels of earthquake
gs Capacity Curve vs. gs Capacity Curve vs.
Demand Curve Demand Curve
severe event. The intersection of earthquake
dicates globally how far the building would be
nt of the particular event. nt of the particular event.
vent
BENNY BENNY
ent A (earthquake intensity)
Performan Performan
PBSD has been fully described in
FEMA and ATC. These documents d
id d t il f b t ti f provide details of best practice for
existing buildings. Although the do
existing structures, SEAOCs Vision
and suggested its application to the d
nce Based Design Code nce Based Design Code
the U.S. in guidelines published by
do not have the force of codes but do
th l ti d t th i f the evaluation and strengthening of
ocuments was intended primarily for
n 2000 Committee rapidly extended
design of new structures.
BENNY BENNY
Acceptable Buildin Acceptable Buildin
FEMA-273, Guidelines for the Se
which has subsequently been upda
S i i R h bilit ti f B ildi Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings,
achieving a specific Building P
Earthquake Hazard Level. FEMA se
a Basic Safety Objective (BSO) that
1. Life Safety (LS) building perfo
of earthquake with 10% probab
2. Collapse Prevention (CP) perfo
f th k ith 2% b bil of earthquake with 2% probabil
A performance level, such as Collap
itself unless you specify the lev
itself unless you specify the lev
performance will be achieved.
ng Performance Levels ng Performance Levels
eismic Rehabilitation of Buildings,
ated as FEMA 356, Prestandard for
d fi R h bili i Obj i , define a Rehabilitation Objective as
erformance Level at a particular
ets a desirable goal for rehabilitation,
comprises two targets:
formance, the 475 year return period
bility of exceedance in 50 years.
ormance, the 2,500 year return period
lit f d i 50 lity of exceedance in 50 years.
pse Prevention is not meaningful in
vel of earthquake at which this
BENNY BENNY
vel of earthquake at which this
Building Performance Levels are discr
the infinite spectrum of possible damag
as a result of earthquake response as a result of earthquake response.
At the Immediate Occupancy Level, da
retains a significant portion of its orig retains a significant portion of its orig
strength. At the Life Safety Level, su
structure, and it may have lost a sign
However, a substantial margin rema
before collapse would occur. At the C
has experienced extreme damage. If la has experienced extreme damage. If la
structure can experience instability and
rete damage states selected from among
ge states that buildings could experience
mage is relatively limited. The structure
ginal stiffness and most if not all of its ginal stiffness and most if not all of its
ubstantial damage has occurred to the
ificant amount of its original stiffness.
ins for additional lateral deformation
Collapse Prevention Level, the building
aterally deformed beyond this point, the aterally deformed beyond this point, the
collapse.
BENNY BENNY
Performance And Stru Performance And Stru Performance And Stru Performance And Stru
Ductile S Ductile S
s
h
e
a
r
Life Safety
Performance
L
a
t
e
r
a
l

s
Immediate Occupancy
Performance Level
Performance
Level
Elastic
Damage control
Range
Lateral defor
Increasing ea
ctural Deformation For ctural Deformation For ctural Deformation For ctural Deformation For
Structures Structures
Collapse
Prevention
Performance
Collapse
Performance
Level
Limited
safety
rmation
BENNY BENNY
arthquake demand
Performance And Stru Performance And Stru Performance And Stru Performance And Stru
Nonductile Nonductile
s
h
e
a
r
Immediate Occupancy
Performance Level
Life Safety Perform
Collapse Pre
L
a
t
e
r
a
l

s
Collapse
Collapse Pre
Performance
Elastic
Limited
safety
Damage
control
Range
Lateral deformation
Increasing earthquake demand
ctural Deformation For ctural Deformation For ctural Deformation For ctural Deformation For
Structures Structures
mance Level
evention evention
e Level
Note that for nonductile Note that for nonductile
structure, there may be
relatively little margin in the
response that respectively response that respectively
defines the three performance
levels.
BENNY BENNY
Earthquake Ha Earthquake Ha
Mean
Earthquake Ha Earthquake Ha
FEMA defined earthquake hazard level in terms of p
mean recurrence interval.
Probability of
Exceedance
Mean
Return
Period
(Y )
FEMA
273
(Years)
50% in 50 years 72 O
20%in 50 years 225 IO 20% in 50 years 225 IO
10% in 50 years 475 LS
2%in 50 years 2,475 CP 2% in 50 years 2,475 CP
DBE the major earthquake defined by various para
the structure will be, or was, designed.
MCE the greatest or severe earthquake that can r
source on the basis of seismological and geological ev
azard Levels azard Levels azard Levels azard Levels
probability of exceedance in a 50 year time period or
Design Earthquake
Minor earthquake
Moderate earthquake Moderate earthquake
Design basis earthquake (DBE)
Maximum Considered Earthquake or Maximum Considered Earthquake or
Maximum Capable Earthquake (MCE)
ameters such as PGA, response spectra, etc. for which
BENNY BENNY
reasonably be expected to be generated by a specific
vidence.
Building Perfor Building Perfor Building Perfor Building Perfor
Building Performance Levels are obta
Nonstructural Performance Levels
Performance
Level
Structural Target D
Performance
Nonstructural Performance Levels.
Operational (O) Very light damage. N
drift. Substantially o
strength and stiffnes
Immediate
Occupancy (IO)
Light damage. No p
drift Substantially o Occupancy (IO) drift. Substantially o
strength and stiffnes
cracking.
Elevators can be res
Elevators can be res
Fire protection oper
rmance Levels rmance Levels rmance Levels rmance Levels
ained by combining Structural and
Damage and Nonstructural Target
Damage and
P f Performance
No permanent
original
Negligible damage.
Power and other utilities are
ss.
available.
permanent
original
Equipment and contents
secure but may not operate original
ss. Minor
started
secure but may not operate
due to mechanical/utility
failure.
BENNY BENNY
started.
rable.
Building Performanc Building Performanc Building Performanc Building Performanc
Performance Structural Target D
Level Performance
Life Safety (LS) Moderate damage. S
permanent drift. Res
and stiffness in all s
elements function. B
be beyond economic
Collapse Prevention
(CP)
Severe damage. Lar
drifts Little residua (CP) drifts. Little residua
stiffness. Gravity ele
function. Some exit
Building near collap
g p
ce Levels (continued) ce Levels (continued) ce Levels (continued) ce Levels (continued)
Damage and Nonstructural Target
D d Damage and
Performance
Some Falling hazard mitigated but
sidual strength
tories. Gravity
Building may
extensive systems damage.
cal repair.
rge permanent
al strength or
Equipment and contents
secure but may not operate al strength or
ements
s blocked.
pse.
secure but may not operate
due to mechanical/utility
failure.
BENNY BENNY
p
Analysis P Analysis P Analysis P Analysis P yyyy
SSta
CAPAC CAPAC
DEMA REDESIGN DEMA
PERFORM
REDESIGN
OK
No
En
Procedures Procedures Procedures Procedures
art
CITY CITY
AND AND
MANCE
K?
nd
Yes
Th i hi h f f l l There is a hierarchy of four levels o
of existing buildings (FEMA). The
used to determine the seismic respon p
Linear Static Procedure (LS
Suitable only for regular buil
elastic range.
The LSP is the equivalent static
Designing for an elastic code b g g
structures with vastly different
Linear Dynamic Procedure
Abl d l i l b ild Able to model irregular build
which respond primarily within
The LDP is the response spectr
Still the same problems as in L
Methods of Analysis Methods of Analysis
f l l i f h l i of structural analysis for the evaluation
ese four methods of analysis are also
nse of new structures:
SP)
ldings, which respond primarily within the
c load procedure, as specified in UBC.
base shear and elastic drift limit will result in
damage potential and collapse probability.
e (LDP)
di b i l i bl f l b ildi dings but is also suitable for regular building
n the elastic range.
rum method of analysis, as specified in UBC.
BENNY BENNY
SP, except accounts for higher mode effects.
Nonlinear Static Procedure
There is no equivalent of the NS
a Pushover analysis as it inv y
displacements, applied increme
(pushover).
Can evaluate buildings loaded b g
capture the dynamics of respons
Does not detect dynamic re
amplification in wall structures. p
Does not capture collapse potent
Nonlinear Dynamic Procedu
The NDP is the time history met
The most complete form of a
inelastic response, BUT needs
p ,
component modeling.
(NSP)
SP in UBC. The procedure is sometimes called
volves the application of a set of loads, or pp ,
entally in one direction until failure occurs
beyond the elastic range but is unable to fully y g y
e, especially higher mode effect.
edistribution problems such as shear force
tial.
ure (NDP)
thod of analysis as described in UBC.
analysis, modeling both dynamic effects and
s performance criteria and good judgment in
BENNY BENNY
p g j g
Th f f h k l d d d The form of earthquake loads depend
Static lateral load for the LSP f
Response spectra for the LDP
F t d Force vectors and response s
Time histories of acceleration
Earthquake Loads Earthquake Loads
d h f l i ds on the type of analysis:
SP
P
t f th NSP spectra for the NSP
ns for the NDP
BENNY BENNY
The guidelines for performance base
levels of analysis. However, only t
model the performance of the com model the performance of the com
earthquake namely: Pushover Analys
Pushover Analysis is performance y p
methodology in which structural
achieving a performance objective
damage states A performance level d damage states. A performance level d
which may considered satisfactory f
ground motion.
Time History Analysis is performa
methodology in which criteria for stru
f i d d l l f d tilit d d
of induced levels of ductility demand
are in terms of inelastic drift index of
ed design specify a hierarchy of four
the two nonlinear options explicitly
mponents under damaging levels of mponents under damaging levels of
sis and Time History Analysis.
e based analysis that refers to a y
criteria are expressed in terms of
for different performance levels or
describes a limiting damage condition describes a limiting damage condition
for a given building and earthquake
ance based analysis that refers to a
uctural damage are expressed in terms
d d it i f ll ti
BENNY BENNY
d, and criteria for collapse prevention
f building.
Overview of Inelast Overview of Inelast
Proce Proce
Overview of Inelast Overview of Inelast
Proce Proce Proce Proce Proce Proce
tic Seismic Analysis tic Seismic Analysis
edures edures
tic Seismic Analysis tic Seismic Analysis
edures edures edures edures edures edures
Schematic Depiction of th Schematic Depiction of th
Th i f i l i The generic process of inelastic ana
procedures in that the engineer deve
then subjected to a representation j p
motion.
he Use of Inelastic Analysis he Use of Inelastic Analysis
l i i i il i l li alysis is similar to conventional linear
elops a model of the building, which is
n of the anticipated seismic ground p g
BENNY BENNY
D il d l d l f i l Detailed structural models for inelas
component models. The primary dif
or all of the components of the m p
deformation characteristics in addi
These are normally based on approx
individual components or theoretica individual components or theoretica
tabulated in FEMA356.
i l i i il li l i stic analysis are similar to linear elastic
fference is that the properties of some
odel include post-elastic strength and p g
ition to the initial elastic properties.
ximations derived from test results on
al analyses Information of this type is al analyses. Information of this type is
BENNY BENNY
I i i i i In many instances, it is important to
components for the foundation in
obtained by using Rescol v2.1 soft y g
foundation modeling alternatives.
i l d h l d h i l include the structural and geotechnical
n the analysis model which can be
tware. The following figure illustrates g g
BENNY BENNY
I i h ff f il Incorporating the effects of soil
determination of the design earth
displacements of the structure reduce p
The reduction of spectral demands a The reduction of spectral demands a
1. Foundation flexibility
2 F d i d i
2. Foundation damping
l i i (SSI) i h l-structure interaction (SSI) in the
hquake forces and the corresponding
es spectral demands. p
are due to the following: are due to the following:
3. Base slab averaging (BSA)
4 F d i b d
BENNY BENNY
4. Foundation embedment
F d i fl ibili ill i Foundation flexibility will in
structure. Therefore:

i d f ib i f h ncrease periods of vibration of the
Reduces force demands Reduces force demands
Reduces structure acceleration and
increases displacement demands increases displacement demands
BENNY BENNY
F d i d i di i Foundation damping dissipates
Therefore:

energy.
Increases damping Increases damping
BENNY BENNY
B l b i Base slab averaging
Spatial incoherence
Reduces effective average
accelerations at high
frequency (low period) frequency (low period)
BENNY BENNY
F d i b d Foundation embedment
M
V
Motion smaller at depth
Vertical incoherence
BENNY BENNY
S f F S f F Summary of Fo Summary of Fo
d ti Eff t d ti Eff t undation Effects undation Effects
BENNY BENNY
Creating Force Creating Force--DD
Schematic Schematic depictions depictions illustrating illustrating
and and stiffness stiffness properties properties from from test test
force force--deformation deformation relationships relationships.. force force deformation deformation relationships relationships..
Deformation Relationships Deformation Relationships
how how inelastic inelastic component component strength strength
data data are are used used to to create create idealized idealized
BENNY BENNY
Under cyclic loading, most structural components w
general rule the degradation will be progressive.
deformation relationship that applies for the first lo deformation relationship that applies for the first lo
effective force-deformation relationship will de
dissipation and/or ductility.
At present, however, it is accepted practice to use a
At present, however, it is accepted practice to use a
implicitly for cyclic loading, assuming a certain am
"backbone" relationship.
will undergo stiffness and strength degradation. As a
In effect, a component will have an initial force-
oading cycle As the number of cycle increases the oading cycle. As the number of cycle increases, the
egrade, with smaller stiffness, strength, energy
a single force-deformation relationship that accounts
BENNY BENNY
a single force deformation relationship that accounts
mount of cycling. This is usually referred to as the
BENNY BENNY
Non Non
I l li d In general, linear procedures are app
to remain elastic for the level of g
results is nearly uniform distribution y
structure. In these cases, the level
procedures is relatively low.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis using
records with detailed structural mode
results with relatively low uncertaint results with relatively low uncertaint
nlinear Dynamic Analysis nlinear Dynamic Analysis
li bl h h i d plicable when the structure is expected
round motion of interest or when the
n of nonlinear response throughout the p g
of uncertainty associated with linear
g the combination of ground motion
el theoretically is capable of producing
ty. ty.
BENNY BENNY
Flowchart Flowchart depicting depicting the the nn
process process. .
Note that component actions are u
Note that component actions are u
such as story drifts and roof displac
onlinear onlinear dynamic dynamic analysis analysis
used to determine higher level effects
BENNY BENNY
used to determine higher-level effects,
ements.
N li i l i l Nonlinear static analysis commonly
shall be used to determine the r
structure or frame as it reaches its lim
Section 2.4.2.1 of FEMA 356 stipula
(NSP) should not be used for struct
significant (usually building with
determine if higher modes are sig
analysis shall be performed for the analysis shall be performed for the
capture 90% mass participation. A se
also be performed, considering only
mode effects shall be considered mode effects shall be considered
resulting from the modal analysis c
90% mass participation exceeds 13
considering only the first mode respo
Pushover Analysis Pushover Analysis
f d P h A l i y referred to as Pushover Analysis
reliable displacement capacities of a
mits of structural stability. y
ates that the Nonlinear Static Procedure
tures in which higher mode effects are
height greater than 30 meters). To
gnificant, a modal response spectrum
e structure using sufficient modes to e structure using sufficient modes to
econd response spectrum analysis shall
y the first mode participation. Higher
significant if the shear in any story significant if the shear in any story
considering modes required to obtain
30% of the corresponding story shear
BENNY BENNY
onse.
A h l i i i l A pushover analysis is an impl
Procedure (NSP). Pushover analys
ultimate lateral load and deflecti
nonlinear effects, such as flexural hin
and an increasing lateral load pushes
is reached in the computer program is reached in the computer program.
U.S. documents FEMA-356 and A
NSP methods are an alternate to th
f i l b ildi performing a complete building ev
techniques to estimate seismic struct
i f h N li S i ementation of the Nonlinear Static
sis is a method for determining the
on capability of a structure. Local p y
nges at the member joints, are modeled
s the structure until a defined limit state
The procedure is fully specified in the The procedure is fully specified in the
ATC-40. The FEMA-356 and ATC-40
he time history method as a means of
l i I i lifi d li valuation. It uses simplified nonlinear
tural deformations.
BENNY BENNY
Local nonlinear effects, such as flexu
modeled and the structure is deformed
until enough hinges form to develop a c until enough hinges form to develop a c
deformation limit of a hinge is reached
ural hinges at the member joints, are
or pushed
collapse mechanism or until the plastic collapse mechanism or until the plastic
.
BENNY BENNY
Pushover Ana Pushover Ana
It allows the designer to evaluate g
characteristics.
It enables the designer to investiga g g
hinges in the individual structu
structure and to determine how bu
failure and the potential for progre failure and the potential for progre
When a structure is to be strengthe
it ll th d i t l it allows the designer to selec
members, thereby maximizing the
alysis Advantages alysis Advantages
structural behaviors and performance p
ate the sequential formation of plastic q p
ural elements constituting the entire
uildings work by identifying modes of
essive collapse essive collapse.
ened through a rehabilitation process,
ti l i f l th i d ctively reinforce only the required
cost efficiency.
BENNY BENNY
Modeling and An Modeling and An
Model the building incorporatin g p
member joints.
Apply monotonically increasing
li h i l d l nonlinear mathematical model
displacement of the control nod
model exceeds a target displacem g p
displacement likely to be experien
the building collapses.
U th id li d f Use the idealized force versus
performance of individual membe
structure is confirmed to exis
performance.
nalysis Consideration nalysis Consideration
g inelastic material response at the g p
lateral forces or displacements to a
f b ildi il i h h of a building until either the
de (at the roof) in the mathematical
ment (which represent the maximum ( p
nced during the design earthquake) or
d f ti t l t th deformation curve to evaluate the
ers once the displacement of the total
st within the range of the target
BENNY BENNY
Force Force--Deformatio Deformatio
B
IO
LS
CP
C
F
o
r
c
e
D E
IO
S
Deformation
A
Three points labeled IO, LS and CP are used to
IO = Immediate Occupancy LS = Life
on Criteria for Hinges on Criteria for Hinges
Five points labeled A, B, C, D,
and E are used to define the force
A = unloaded component (origin)
B = effective yield point
and E are used to define the force
deformation behavior of the hinge.
E
B = effective yield point
Line AB = Linear response begins
Line BC = strain hardening
C = ultimate capacity
Line CD = strength degradation
Line BC strain hardening
D = residual strength
E = total failure
Line DE = strength is reduced
define the acceptance criteria for the hinge.
BENNY BENNY
fe Safety CP = Collapse Prevention
Evaluatio Evaluatio
Pushover analysis seismic evaluation y
some measure of the demand that a
a measure of the capacity of the bu
1996) In other words a building mus 1996). In other words, a building mus
the demand of earthquake.
Th li t ti d The nonlinear static procedure requ
elements: capacity, demand, and perfo
on Procedure on Procedure
n procedure is a comparison between p p
an earthquake places on a structure to
uilding for resisting the load (ATC-40,
st provide sufficient capacity to resist st provide sufficient capacity to resist
i d t i ti f th i ires determination of three primary
ormance.
BENNY BENNY
Obj ti f P Obj ti f P
The objective of the pushover an
performance point which represent
Objective of P Objective of P
performance point which represent
under the design earthquake. The pe
as the intersection of buildings
d d demand curve.
The seismic capacity curve is deri
displacement curve which are gene displacement curve, which are gene
imposed on the buildings nonlin
element stiffness and redistributing
collapse of any structural elements ar
The seismic demand curve is repre
l ti it t l di l
acceleration versus its spectral displa
the design response spectrum.
P h A l i P h A l i
nalysis is to calculate the buildings
ts the buildings ultimate deformation
Pushover Analysis Pushover Analysis
ts the building s ultimate deformation
erformance point can also be described
seismic capacity curve and seismic
ved from the base shear versus roof
erated by gradually increasing forces erated by gradually increasing forces
near structural model, and updating
g seismic forces whenever yield or
re detected.
esented by plot of buildings spectral
t hi h ld b d i d f
BENNY BENNY
acement, which could be derived from
P i El t P i El t
Primary Element Primary Element
Pro Pro
demand: moderate event, major event and
Demand Spectrum with the Capacity Curve in
pushed and is defined as the Performance Poin pushed and is defined as the Performance Poin
S
h
e
a
r
B
a
s
e

S
Major Ev Moderate Event
Building Displaceme
f N li St ti f N li St ti
s of Nonlinear Static s of Nonlinear Static
cedure cedure
severe event. The intersection of earthquake
ndicates globally how far the building would be
nt of the particular event. nt of the particular event.
vent
BENNY BENNY
ent A (earthquake intensity)
R lt f P R lt f P
The result of the pushover analysis is
shear versus roof displacement Sinc
Result of Pu Result of Pu
shear versus roof displacement. Sinc
the design response spectrum, which i
freedom (SDOF) system, the base she
transformed to an acceleration versus
single degree of freedom system in o
The transformation can be done as sugg
h A l i h A l i
s usually presented as a plot of base
e the demand curve is derived from
ushover Analysis ushover Analysis
e the demand curve is derived from
is plotted based on a single degree of
ear-roof displacement plot needs to be
s displacement plot of the equivalent
rder to locate the performance point.
ggested in ATC-40 equations. gg q
BENNY BENNY
Si lifi d P h Si lifi d P h Simplified Pushove Simplified Pushove
Capacity spectrum:
Representation of the
structures ability to
resist the seismic
demand
Demand spectrum:
Representation of the
earthquake ground earthquake ground
motion
Performance point:
Represents the
buildings ultimate
d f ti d th
deformation under the
design earthquake
M th d f E l ti M th d f E l ti er Method of Evaluation er Method of Evaluation
Start
CAPACITY
DEMAND REDESIGN
PERFORMANCE
OK?
Yes
No
BENNY BENNY
End
Evaluation of Evaluation of
According to performance point, en
building using certain acceptability cr building using certain acceptability cr
on two levels. First, there are global
performance objective, such as lat
Secondly, the engineer checks local el
acceptability limits, such as element s
limits. The limits on inelastic ro
observations from tests and experien
1996).
f Performance f Performance
ngineers check the responses of the
riteria The responses can be checked riteria. The responses can be checked
limits on building responses for each
teral load stability and drift limits.
ement or component responses against
strength and sectional inelastic rotation
otation are recommended based on
nce from past earthquakes (ATC-40,
BENNY BENNY
Evaluation of Perfo Evaluation of Perfo
When the responses of a structure do n
the structure needs to be resized and the structure needs to be resized and
solution for the desired performanc
determination of the satisfactory pe
system level responses and element
iterative design procedure with the aid
as: ETABS, SAP2000, PERFORM-3D , ,
ormance (continued) ormance (continued)
not meet the targeted performance level,
the design process is repeated until a the design process is repeated until a
ce point is reached. In general, the
erformance point that fulfils both the
t responses requires a trial-and-error
d of todays engineering software such
D, and MIDAS/Gen. ,
BENNY BENNY
Inelastic Nonlinear Inelastic Nonlinear
N li d i l i Nonlinear dynamic analysis commo
Time History Analysis shall b
displacement capacities of a structu p p
structural stability.
Time History Analysis sometimes Time History Analysis sometimes
Transient Dynamic Analysis, involv
of building response. It is used to
bi l di i structure to arbitrary loading using t
acceleration with time recorded at a
as base motion input. p
r Time History Analysis r Time History Analysis
l f d I l i N li only referred to as Inelastic Nonlinear
be used to determine the reliable
ure or frame as it reaches its limits of
called Response History Analysis or called Response History Analysis or
ves a time-step-by-time-step evaluation
determine the dynamic response of a
h l ( i i f d the accelerogram (variation of ground
point on ground during an earthquake)
BENNY BENNY
F h k i l i For an earthquake time analysis,
continuously as the ground accelera
damaged then the stiffness continuo g
calculated at each time step, typically
each step the loads are changed
necessary For a typical building thi necessary. For a typical building thi
thousand simultaneous equations up
speed becomes essential.
h f li d f h the set of applied forces changes
ation changes. If the building is being
ously changes as well. The response is y g p
y every 1/100th of a second or less. At
d, and the stiffness also changed if
is may require solving a set of several is may require solving a set of several
to 3000 times. This is where computer
BENNY BENNY
Need for Need for
Ti hi l i i li bl Time history analysis is applicable
inelastic response analysis of buildings
Elastic linear time history analysis is req Elastic linear time history analysis is req
analysis indicate that the computed sto
allowable values, or when special conditio
An inelastic nonlinear time history analy
elastic linear analysis show that the struct
major earthquake. Often the elastic line
particularly relating to the higher mode o
shear. The calculated forces will be signif
a large region and are repeated several tim
severe cracking of the concrete, joint slip
t d U d th diti th d expected. Under these conditions, the dyn
different from the linear response, and a v
if a true nonlinear performance is incorp
time history analysis is used to justify a
time history analysis is used to justify a
when NL Link elements are included in th
Time History Analysis Time History Analysis
b h li l i d li to both linear elastic and nonlinear
s.
quired when the results of response spectrum quired when the results of response spectrum
ory drift or roof displacement exceed the
ons exist.
ysis may be necessary when the results of a
ture could suffer significant damage during a
ar analysis underestimate certain behaviors,
of vibration which will result to a high base
ficantly greater than the section capacity over
mes during the earthquake excitation. Hence,
ppage, and yielding of reinforcements can be
i b h i f th t t i d ti ll namic behavior of the structure is drastically
valid estimate of the damage is possible only
porated in the analysis. Therefore, nonlinear
structural design of a structure It is also used
BENNY BENNY
structural design of a structure. It is also used
he structural system.
Difficulties in Difficulties in
Th l diffi l i i i h There are several difficulties in time h
whether the selected accelerogram is
assumed damping and other quantit p g q
number of modes are involved.
Because time history analysis is sensi
assumptions, UBC require a minimu
components that shall be scaled from
recorded at or near the site; or strong e recorded at or near the site; or strong e
sites with similar geological, topograph
and use the maximum response of the
purpose is to ensure adequate coverag purpose is to ensure adequate coverag
pairs are selected and scaled, then t
parameter of interest may be used for d
n Time History Analysis n Time History Analysis
hi l i Fi i i k history analysis. First, it is not known
appropriate to use. Second, errors in
ties can be cumulative when large g
itive to modeling and ground motion
um of three pairs of time history
m selected strong earthquake motions
earthquake motions recorded at other earthquake motions recorded at other
hic and seismotectonic characteristics,
parameter of interest for design. The
ge of the difficulty If seven or more ge of the difficulty. If seven or more
the average value of the response
design.
BENNY BENNY
Wh i d d d When appropriate recorded ground-m
available, appropriate simulated groun
used to make up the total number requ p q
be based on probabilistic methods. Th
used to predict where earthquakes will
be and what will be the ground motio be, and what will be the ground motio
can perform spectral matching. Spectra
input accelerogram so that its response
spectrum.
i i hi i motion time history pairs are not
nd-motion time history pairs may be
uired. Synthetic accelerograms should y g
he software EZ-FRISK v7.32 can be
l occur, what their characteristics will
ons generated The EZ-FRISK v7 32 ons generated. The EZ-FRISK v7.32
al matching makes adjustments to an
e spectrum matches a target response
BENNY BENNY
The word pairs, means that the instrum
accelerations captured the two horizon
one vertical component of ground one vertical component of ground
earthquake records of 1940 El Centro
180 degrees, and 1940 El Centro Sit
ETABS, SAP2000 and other compu
records along the three axes of the mo
date has not applied vertical acceler pp
acceleration. Therefore, a pair of
earthquake record are applied simultan
load case The orientation of the app load case. The orientation of the app
the worst-case direction for design (sin
to the orientation of the earthquake alo
mentation that recorded the earthquake
ntal components of ground motion and
d motion simultaneously (e g the d motion simultaneously (e.g., the
Site 270 degrees, 1940 El Centro Site
te vertical). Although MIDAS Gen,
uter software can apply acceleration
odel simultaneously, the procedure to
ration concurrent with the horizontal
two horizontal components of the
neously to the computer model history
plied loads is then varied to determine plied loads is then varied to determine
nce UBC does not provide guidance as
ong the principal axes of the building).
BENNY BENNY
The response of the building is calcul
each of the ground motions, and the
made so that the structure is safe in the made so that the structure is safe in the
were to occur.
ated by means of digital computer for
final design of the building shall be
e event that any of the ground motions e event that any of the ground motions
BENNY BENNY
Response of Building Response of Building
For each of the design earthquakes t For each of the design earthquakes, t
rise building is calculated by means
procedure is to calculate the six to te
th i t l i d f ib ti d t their natural periods of vibration and t
each mode of vibration to the grou
summation of responses of all the mod
response. The maximum response o
building when using ETABS v9.5.0 or
to determine the maximum interfloor s to determine the maximum interfloor s
during the earthquake, the maximum
story heights, the maximum displacem
l ti t h fl acceleration at each floor.
gs to Design Earthquakes gs to Design Earthquakes
the time history response of the high- the time history response of the high
of digital computer. The customary
en lowest modes of vibration, that is,
th i d h Th ti hi t f their mode shapes. The time history of
und motion is then calculated. The
des of vibration then give the building
of the parameter of interest of the
r MIDAS Gen v7.0.2 must be scanned
shear force at the various story heights shear force at the various story heights
m overturning moments at the various
ments of the floors, and the maximum
BENNY BENNY
[But in PERFORM-3D v 4 0 3 Comb [But in PERFORM 3D v 4.0.3, Comb
you to set up groups of analyses, and
limit state usage (Demand/Capacity
t] assessment].
The foregoing quantities such as build
shear force overturning moments shear force, overturning moments,
determined using ETABS or MID
earthquakes and the appropriate desig
are illustrated on the next five slides.
binations and Envelopes task allows binations and Envelopes task allows
to use enveloping or averaging to get
y) ratios for nonlinear performance
ding lateral deflection, inter-story drift,
and acceleration at each floor are and acceleration at each floor are
DAS Gen for each of the design
gn of the building is then made. These
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
o
y
BENNY BENNY
o
y
BENNY BENNY
o
y
BENNY BENNY
o
y
BENNY BENNY
o
y
Developing Accel Developing Accel
The outline of the process for develop
and design is summarized below in cha
S i i D i P t d Seismic Design Parameters and
1. Site Tectonic Environment
2. Design Earthquakes
- Magnitudes
- Type of Faulting
- Source-to-Site Dista
3 Local Site Conditions 3. Local Site Conditions
4. Design Ground Motion Charact
- Response Spectra
- Strong Motion Durat - Strong Motion Durat
- Special Charateristic
A
leration Time Histories leration Time Histories
ping time histories for seismic analysis
art form.
d C diti d Conditions
Note:
When the seismic
load to be used is
nces
oad o be used s
specified by
applicable code like
UBC, items 1 to 4 are
not applicable It is
teristics
ion
not applicable. It is
applicable to
important structures
where seismic load is
ion
cs
to be developed by
site specific study.
BENNY BENNY
A
Initial Selection of Accelerograms
Recorded Time Histories
or
Simulated-Recorded Time Histories
Modification of Time Histories for
Compatibility with Design Response
Spectrum
Amplitude Scaling (Simple Scaling)
or
Frequency Scaling (SpectrumMatching
Frequency Scaling (Spectrum Matching
Note:
Simple scaling, scale the time
history so that its spectrum is at the
s
approximate level of the design
response spectrum in the period
range of significance to structural
response Because the spectrumof

response. Because the spectrum of
recorded time history has peaks and
valleys, it is likely that this scaling will
result in a spectrum that exceeds the
th d i t t
e
smooth design spectrum at some
periods and is lower than the design
spectrum at other periods. Therefore,
additional time histories will probably p y
need to be selected and scaled so
that the spectra of the set of time
histories provide an aggregate match
or fit to the design spectrumover the
g)
BENNY BENNY
or fit to the design spectrum over the
period range of interest.
g)
UBC 97
Example of response spectrum of time-history
closely matched to a UBC 97 design response
spectrum (frequency scaled)
UBC 97
Example of response spectrum of time-history
which matched only a partial period range of
BENNY BENNY
UBC 97 design response spectrum (amplitude
scaled)
Earthq Earthq
UBC d id ifi h UBC does not provide specific earthqua
records identified as suitable candidates
and 10 records for sites near to the fault
No. M Year Earthqu
1 7 1 1949 W t
TABLE 1 - RECORDS AT SOIL SIT
1 7.1 1949 Western
2 6.5 1954 Eureka
3 6.6 1971 San Fer
4 6.6 1971 San Fer
5 7.1 1989 Loma P
6 7.1 1989 Loma P
7 7.5 1992 Lander
8 7.5 1992 Lander
9 6 7 1994 N th i
9 6.7 1994 Northri
10 6.7 1994 Northri
quake Record Selection quake Record Selection
k d b ATC 40 id 10 ake records but ATC-40, provides 10
s for sites distant from faults (Table 1)
t (Table 2).
uake Station
W hi t St ti 32
( )
TES > 10 KM FROM SOURCES
n Washington Station 32
a, CA Station 022
rnando, CA Station 241
rnando, CA Station 458
Prieta, CA Hollister, Sth & Pine
Prieta, CA Gilroy #2 , y
rs, CA Yermo
rs, CA Joshua Tree
id CA M k
BENNY BENNY
idge, CA Moorpark
idge, CA Century City LACC N
Earthquake Record Earthquake Record
No. M Year Earthquake
1 6 5 1949 I i l V l
TABLE 2 - RECORDS AT SOIL SI
1 6.5 1949 Imperial Val
2 6.5 1954 Imperial Val
3 7.1 1971 Loma Prieta
4 7.1 1971 Loma Prieta
5 6.9 1989 Cape Mendo
6 6.7 1989 Northridge, C g ,
7 6.7 1992 Northridge, C
9 6 7 1994 Northridge C 9 6.7 1994 Northridge, C
d Selection d Selection continued. continued.
Station
ll CA El C t A 6
TES NEAR SOURCES
lley, CA El Centro Array 6
lley, CA El Centro Array 7
, CA Corralitos
, CA Capitola
ocino, CA Petrolia
CA Newhall Fire Station
CA Sylmar Hospital
CA Sylmar Converter Stat.
CA Sylmar Converter St E CA Sylmar Converter St E
CA Rinaldi Treatment Plant
BENNY BENNY
Scaling o Scaling o
Each time history should be scaled t Each time history should be scaled t
response spectrum. Earthquake record
scaling or frequency scaling.
Amplitude scaling of earthquake records
measured accelerations. As the same fact
scale the response spectrum produced b
f ll f i Th h f h factor at all frequencies. The shape of the
The difficulty with this form of scaling is
the scaling factor. As a guideline, the sca
a scaling factors to scale up the records to a scaling factors to scale up the records to
Scale factor = desired PGA / A
where PGA stands for Peak Ground Acc
h b d t l t th li f have been proposed to select the scaling f
factor to fit the design response spectrum
of Earthquake Records of Earthquake Records
to the approximate level of the design to the approximate level of the design
ds can be scaled using either amplitude
involves applying a constant scale factor to the
or is applied to all accelerations, the effect is to
by the accelerogram up or down by the same
i h d e response spectrum is not changed.
s that there is no numerical procedure to select
aling factor should be initially selected by using
o the same value of PGA using the equation: o the same value of PGA using the equation:
Accelerogram PGA.
celeration. Over the years, different procedures
f t j d t i i d t l t li factor, so judgment is required to select scaling
m over the period range of interest.
BENNY BENNY
The explicit method of scaling records
For each pair of horizontal componen
squares (SRSS) of the 5% damped spect squares (SRSS) of the 5% damped spect
shall be scaled such that the average v
below 1.4 times the 5% damped spectrum
between 0.2T and 1.5T (where T is the f
This requirement is unclear as to whe
the average over all periods for each
over all records Consensus seems to
between 0.2T and 1.5T (where T is the f
over all records. Consensus seems to
study group).
s is:
nts, the square root of the sum of the
trum shall be constructed The motions trum shall be constructed. The motions
alue of the SRSS spectra does not fall
m of the design earthquake for periods
fundamental period of the building).
ether the average value of the SRSS is
h record or the average at each period
be for the latter (based on a BRANZ
fundamental period of the building).
be for the latter (based on a BRANZ
BENNY BENNY
h l i i l h i d The T value is simply the period assoc
direction of interest. For example, if
for a X-direction spectra, determine
participation for the X direction Resp participation for the X direction Resp
period associated with that mode is yo
Frequency scaling (or spectral mathcing
content of the record at various frequenc
spectrum produced by the record The pr spectrum produced by the record. The pr
computer software like EZ-FRISK v7.32
frequency scaling, refer to Appendix
Concrete Hydraulic Structures, U.S. Arm
6051 6051.
i d i h h d i d f h ciated with the dominant mode for the
you are calculating the scaling factor
which mode gives you the highest
ponse Spectrum Analysis (RSA) The ponse Spectrum Analysis (RSA). The
our T value.
g) of earthquake records modifies the energy
cies so as to change the shape of the response
rocedure is iterative This is where the use of rocedure is iterative. This is where the use of
2 is essential. For the detailed discussion on
C of Time History Dynamic Analysis of
my Corps of Engineers manual EM 1110-2-
BENNY BENNY
Example of amplitude scaled response spec
Converter Station East. It illustrates the diff
earthquake records. The amplitude scaling
range. At other periods, the spectral accelera
the design spectrum.
ctrum of 1994 Northridge, California Sylimar
ficulties in setting a scale factor for actual
provides a match for only a partial period
ation is either too high or too low relative to
Internal
BENNY BENNY
Cross Sectional Analy Cross Sectional Analy
Compo Compo
Cross Sectional Analy Cross Sectional Analy
Compo Compo pppp
ysis of Structural RC ysis of Structural RC
onents onents
ysis of Structural RC ysis of Structural RC
onents onents
XTRACT: A Tool for Mo XTRACT: A Tool for Mo
D i i i i i f During seismic excitation of concret
and end bending moments vary due
affects the ultimate curvature capp
displacement capacity of reinforced c
XTRACT is an important tool for ea
realistic assessment of moment and
is required.
XTRACT XTRACT moment curvature ana
engineering as a necessary step tow
capacity of reinforced concrete comp p y p
oment Curvature Analysis oment Curvature Analysis
i i f i l f te moment resisting frames axial forces
to overturning demands. This, in turn,
pacity and consequently, the seismic p y q y,
concrete components.
arthquake engineering analysis when a
curvature capacities of a cross section
l i i f d i h k alysis is often used in earthquake
ward assessment of the displacement
ponents. p
BENNY BENNY
M l i i Moment curvature analysis is a proc
a cross-section can be established su
plastic rotation capacity, etc. which a p p y,
Nonlinear Analysis and Performa
computer software.
b hi h h li b h i f ess by which the nonlinear behavior of
uch as yield moment, ultimate moment,
are needed in PERFORM-3D v4.0.3, a ,
ance Assessment for 3D Structures
BENNY BENNY
XTRA XTRA
XTRACT i l i XTRACT is a general cross sectiona
concrete section shape and material s
The XTRACT computer program
deformation characteristics, or mom
biaxial monotonic loading of the rein biaxial monotonic loading of the rein
The current analysis availabilities in
Moment Curvature Analysi
Axial Force-Moment Intera
Moment-Moment Interactio Moment-Moment Interactio
ACT Analysis Capabilities ACT Analysis Capabilities
l l i f f l i f al analysis software for analysis of any
subject to any force based loading.
is developed to compute strength,
ment curvature relations for uniaxial or
nforced concrete structures nforced concrete structures.
n XTRACT are:
s
action Analysis
on Analysis (Capacity Orbit) on Analysis (Capacity Orbit)
BENNY BENNY
A l i b A moment curvature analysis estab
section by plotting the curvatures aga
The basic flow of the program are as The basic flow of the program are as
Material Models. Analysis begin
material models as stress strain dia material models as stress-strain dia
Discretization. The cross section
moments about one axis are consi
axes are considered.
Analytical Methods. An applied a
with the analytical method for fin y
pairs.
Analysis Methodology. Internally
reinforcing steel bars identifying
reinforcing steel bars identifying
material.
Program Flow Program Flow
bli h h d il i f blishes the ductile capacity of a cross
ainst corresponding moments.
s follows: s follows:
ns with the specification of nonlinear
agrams agrams.
must be cut into a series of layers, if
idered, or fibers if moments about two
axial load or moment is specified along
nding the moment curvature coordinate g
y, XTRACT loops through all fibers and
critical fibers (and/or bars) for each
BENNY BENNY
critical fibers (and/or bars) for each
Performing RC Cross Performing RC Cross
XTRA XTRA
Performing RC Cross Performing RC Cross
XTRA XTRA XTRA XTRA XTRA XTRA
Sectional Analysis in Sectional Analysis in
ACT ACT
Sectional Analysis in Sectional Analysis in
ACT ACT ACT ACT ACT ACT
About XTRACT About XTRACT
BENNY BENNY
Example Application: Example Application:
Problem
A basic seven-story RC moment resist b s c seve s o y C o e es s
traditional linear-static and linear-dyna
computer software ETABS, is subjec
Perform axial force moment analysis an Perform axial force-moment analysis an
column cross section and moment cu
section.
Materials
Concrete: 24.131 MPa Reinforcing st
: 3D Concrete Building : 3D Concrete Building
ting building frame was designed by g bu d g e w s des g ed by
amic lateral load methods using the
cted to earthquake ground motion.
nd moment curvature analysis on the nd moment curvature analysis on the
urvature analysis on the beam cross
teel: ASTM Grade 60 fy=415 Mpa
BENNY BENNY
Typical Floor Plan and Elevation
0
m
Columns: 70cm x
Rebar: 24 #8
Ties: #3 @0.10
W-E beams: 45cm
6
.
0
0
m
W E beams: 45cm
Top End Rebar
Bottom End R
Top Midspan R
Bottom Midsp
Ti #3 @0 10
6
.
0
Ties: #3 @0.10
N-S beams: 45cm
Top End Rebar
Bottom End R
Top Midspan R Top Midspan R
Bottom Midsp
Ties: #3 @0.10
Slabs: 135mm
0
m
70cm
0m
m x 55cm
6

@

3
.
0
m x 55cm
r: 4 #8
Rebar: 3 #8
Rebar: 2 #8
pan Rebar: 3 #8
0
3
.
7
5
m
0m
m x 60cm
r: 4 #8
Rebar: 3 #8
Rebar: 2 #8
3
6.0m 5.0m 6.0m
Rebar: 2 #8
pan Rebar: 3 #8
0m
BENNY BENNY
XTRACT Screen Shots XTRACT Screen Shots
The following XTRACT screen shots o
from creating a new project to creatin
data. This example will present each of
Create a new project by clicking th Create a new project by clicking th
Within the new project creation w
User Defined.
E i d i l d Enter section data, material mode
section.
Add analyses to the created section y
Analyze.
View output results in the 'Interact
Add a graph to compare analysis r
Add a graph to compare analysis r
View or print 'Analysis Reports'.
outlines the basic flow of the program
ng cross sections to viewing analysis
f the following steps in detail:
he 'New' icon on the main toolbar he New icon on the main toolbar.
wizard, select begin from Template or
l if h i d els, specify mesh size, and create cross
n.
tive Output' dialog.
results from the different cross sections
BENNY BENNY
results from the different cross sections.
1. Create a new project by clicking th
Open a
N P j New Project
70x70 RC Column 70x70 RC Column
he 'New' icon on the main toolbar.
Click to
Continue
BENNY BENNY
2. Within the new project creation wiz
zard, select start from User Defined.
Select User
Defined
Click to
Begin
BENNY BENNY
3. Enter material models, create cross
View Stress
Strain Plot
for given
Parameters
s section, and specify mesh size.
Click to
Close
Apply
Material
Model
BENNY BENNY
Select
Unconfined
Material
View Stress
S i Pl Strain Plot
for given
Parameters
Click to
Close
Apply Apply
Material
Model
BENNY BENNY
Select Select
Strain
View Stress
S i Pl Strain Plot
for given
Parameters
Click to
Bilinear with
Close
Bilinear with
n Hardening
Apply Apply
Material
Model
BENNY BENNY
Draw
Section
Click to Click to
Import Discretize
Discretize
/Overlay
BENNY BENNY
e
Click to
Close Close
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Close
BENNY BENNY
Zoom
Shape
BENNY BENNY
Draw
Section
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Import
p
BENNY BENNY
Discretize Discretize
/Overlay
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Close Close
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Cl Close
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Draw
Bars Bars
w
BENNY BENNY
Generat
e Bars
Enter Reba
Locations b
Coordinate
e Bars
ar
by
es
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
Click to
Accept ccept
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
4 Add A i l F M I 4. Add Axial Force-Moment Interac
section.
S l t PM Select PM
Interactio
n
i l i (l di ) h d ction analysis (loading) to the created
BENNY BENNY
Cli k t Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
5 A l Cli k 'A l All' i 5. Analyze. Click 'Analyze All' icon o
down menu select 'Processand sele
Window will appear on the screen f pp
The change of the surface from being
being controlled by the steel in tension is
i lb f i l b d on main toolbar or from title bar drop-
ect 'Run Analysis'. The analysis Result
for PM1.
Controlled by concrete
Controlled by steel
BENNY BENNY
controlled by the concrete in compression to
s so called balanced point.
6 Add M C l i 6. Add Moment Curvature analysis t
moment curvature analysis is typ
forces.
Select
Moment
Curvature
h d i A i f fi to the created section. A series of five
pically performed with differing axial
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Calculate
Click to
Accept
Select
ACI318-99
Click to
BENNY BENNY
C c to
Accept
Click to
Accept
Click to
BENNY BENNY
Accept
Note:
Click to
Accept
The loading MC5 with Applied First Step Lo
at the balance point as shown in the Axial For
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
oads of 5000 kN corresponds to the axial force
rce-Moment Interaction Diagram (slide 109).
down menu select 'Process' and sel
Windows will appear on the scree pp
and MC5.
en for PM1, MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4, , , , , ,
Controlled by concrete
Controlled by steel
BENNY BENNY
Note:
The dark blue represents
compression in the concrete,
the white is crushing of the
h ll l b concrete, the yellow steel bars
represents the yield plateau,
the green bars represents
strain hardening, and fuchsia
d and grey concrete represent
zero tensile strain
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
8 S l h 'P j M ' b 8. Select the 'Project Manager' bu
Interactive Output dialog. The Int
through the analysis slowly view g y y
analyses of the cross section.
9. View or print Analysis Reports.
The following are the Analysis Rep
and MC5.
i l i h utton to view output results in the
teractive Output dialog is way to step
wing all information produced from g p
orts for PM1, MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4,
BENNY BENNY
PERFORM-3D
Cross-Section
Axial/Bending
Inelastic Strength
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
PERFORM-3D
Inelastic Basic F-D
Relationship
BENNY BENNY
10. Add a graph when there are two di
compare moment curvature result
'Graph Data' icon from main toolbar Graph Data icon from main toolbar
ifferent sections to be compared or to
ts for varying axial loads. Click the
r. r.
Note:
The comparison of moment
curvature results for varying
axial loads on 70x70 RC
column reveals that there is a
higher moment capacity
about the X-axis as the axial
load is increased; however
ith i i i l l d with increasing axial load
there is a decrease in
curvature capacity.
BENNY BENNY
11 Cli k h 'Add/R S i ' 11. Click the 'Add/Remove Section'
support From Template.
Click to
Add New
Section
Select From
Template
i dd 45 55 b i
45x55 RC Beam 45x55 RC Beam
icon to add 45x55 beam section at
Click to
Add
Section Section
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Click
Close to
Accept
Add
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Ap
Click to
Click to
Add New
Mateial
Click to
Close
pply Material
BENNY BENNY
Model
Click to
Add
Click Close to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to
BENNY BENNY
C c to
Continue
Click to
Create the
Section Section
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
moment curvature analysis is
moments.
Select Moment
Curvature
h d i A i f f to the created section. A series of four
typically performed with differing
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Calcula
Click to
C c to
Accept
o
te
Select
ACI318-99
Click to
BENNY BENNY
C c to
Accept
Click to
Accept
Click to
BENNY BENNY
Accept
Click to
BENNY BENNY
Accept
down menu Click 'Process' and sel
Windows will appear on the screen pp
n for MC1, MC2, MC3, and MC4. , , ,
Note:
The dark blue represents
concrete, the yellow steel bars
represents the yield plateau,
and grey concrete represent
zero tensile strain
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
orts for MC1, MC2, MC3, and MC4.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
PERFORM-3D
Bending at U Point
PERFORM-3D
Inelastic Basic F-D
R l i hi
Relationship
BENNY BENNY
compare moment curvature results
for varying moment loads. Click the
r. r.
Note:
The comparison of moment The comparison of moment
moment loads on 45x55 RC
beam reveals that there is no
increase in moment capacity
and curvature capacity about
the X-axis as the moment
load is increased.
BENNY BENNY
17 Cli k h 'Add/R S i ' 17. Click the 'Add/Remove Section'
support as a copy of 45x55 RC bea
'Builder Tools' toolbar to resize the
Click to
Add New
S ti Section
Select As a
copy of
i dd 45 60 b i
45x60 RC Beam 45x60 RC Beam
icon to add 45x60 beam section at
am. Then click 'Remesh Mode' icon on
section.
Click to
Add
Section Section
BENNY BENNY
Remesh
S i Section
BENNY BENNY
S
Sel Sel
croll to
lect Point lect Point
BENNY BENNY
Selected
Point
BENNY BENNY
Enter new Y coordinate
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Modify
Click to Select
Movement
BENNY BENNY
Scro
S l Select
oll to
P i t Point
Selected
Point
BENNY BENNY
Enter new Y Enter new Y
coordinate
Click to
Modify
Click to Select
Movement
Click to
Discretize Discretize
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
18 Cli k h 'D B ' i Cli k 18. Click the 'Draw Bars' icon. Click
'Rebar Characteristics' toolbar. Sel
to move the bars.
Click Draw
Bars
Click Sel
Existin
Section B
Section B
'S l E i i S i B ' i 'Select Existing Section Bars' icon on
ect the bars. Click 'Edit Selected Bars'
lect
g
Bars
BENNY BENNY
Bars
BENNY BENNY
Click Edit
Selected Bars
Selected
Bars
BENNY BENNY
Click to Move
bars
Click to Close
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to Close
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
moment curvature analysis is
moments.
Select Moment
Curvature
h d i A i f f to the created section. A series of four
typically performed with differing
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Calcula
Click to
C c to
Accept
o
te
Select
ACI318-99
Click to
BENNY BENNY
C c to
Accept
Click to
Accept
Click to
BENNY BENNY
Accept
Click to
BENNY BENNY
Accept
down menu Click 'Process' and sel
Windows will appear on the screen pp
n for MC1, MC2, MC3, and MC4. , , ,
Note:
The dark blue represents The dark blue represents
concrete, the yellow steel bars
represents the yield plateau represents the yield plateau,
and grey concrete represent
zero tensile strain zero tensile strain
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
orts for MC1, MC2, MC3, and MC4.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
PERFORM-3D PERFORM 3D
Bending at U Point
PERFORM-3D
Inelastic Basic F-D
Relationship
BENNY BENNY
compare moment curvature results
for varying moment loads. Click the
r. r.
Note:
The comparison of moment
moment loads on 45x60 RC
beam reveals that there is no
increase in moment capacity
and curvature capacity about
the X-axis as the moment
l d i i d h load is increased; however,
the moment capacity has
increased slightly compared
to 45x55 RC beam due to
BENNY BENNY
to 45x55 RC beam due to
increased in depth.
Performance Assessm Performance Assessm Performance Assessm Performance Assessm Performance Assessm Performance Assessm
Analysis and Inelastic T Analysis and Inelastic T
of 3DBuildin of 3DBuildin
Performance Assessm Performance Assessm
Analysis and Inelastic T Analysis and Inelastic T
of 3DBuildin of 3DBuildin of 3D Buildin of 3D Buildin of 3D Buildin of 3D Buildin
ment Using Pushover ment Using Pushover ment Using Pushover ment Using Pushover ment Using Pushover ment Using Pushover
g Structures g Structures
ment Using Pushover ment Using Pushover
g Structures g Structures g Structures g Structures g Structures g Structures
PERFORM PERFORM- -3D: Tool for P 3D: Tool for P
D i i i i i f During seismic excitation of structu
generally responds well beyond its
loading; i.e. the seismic loads ca g;
structures. PERFORM-3D is an im
design for earthquake resistance, not
PERFORM-3D pushover analysis
nonlinear time history analysis) ar
assess the structural capacity of t assess the structural capacity of t
deformation based and strength base
Performance Based Design Performance Based Design
i i ll k h ures, it is well known that a structure
elastic-linear capacity at high seismic
aused inelastic-nonlinear behavior in
mportant tool for performance based
t just nonlinear analysis.
s and dynamic analysis (inelastic
re used in earthquake engineering to
the structure using a combination of the structure using a combination of
d criteria.
BENNY BENNY
C i l l f f Certain levels of performance were
Based Design. In the event of earth
resist:
1. Minor earthquakes (magnitude 4 to
2. Moderate earthquakes (magnitude 5
3. Major earthquakes (magnitude 6 to 6
life safety.
4. The most severe earthquakes (magn q ( g
The goal of Performance Based
performance level more explicit. performance level more explicit.
id d i li i l i P i i e considered implicitly in Prescriptive
hquake the structure has the ability to
4.9) with no damage.
to 5.9) with minor damage.
6.9) with significant damage but minor risk to
nitude 7 to 7.9) without collapse. ) p
Design is to make the life safety
BENNY BENNY
PERFORM PERFORM
PERFORM 3D i ifi ll i PERFORM-3D is specifically inten
earthquake resistance, not just nonl
for creating nonlinear models, s g ,
deformation capacities, calculating d
the results in compact form for dec
analysis type) availabilities in PERFO analysis type) availabilities in PERFO
Gravity Calculates the response of
nodal, element, and/or selfweight load p
Static Pushover Calculates the respo Static Pushover Calculates the respo
load that is needed to reach the specified
Dynamic Earthquake Calculates the
earthquake load.
R S C l l h Response Spectrum Calculates the re
spectrum.
Unload Pushover Removes pushover l
Dynamic Force Calculates the respon
y p
force, such as wind or blast load.
MM--3D Analysis Capabilities 3D Analysis Capabilities
d d f f b d d i f nded for performance based design for
inear analysis. It provides capabilities
specifying component strength and p y g p g
demand-capacity ratios, and presenting
cision making. The current loading (or
ORM-3D are: ORM-3D are:
the structure to the vertical combination of
patterns.
onse of the structure based on the amount of onse of the structure based on the amount of
d drift.
e response of the structure to the dynamic
f h h d esponse of the the structure due to response
loads calculated in pushover analysis.
nse of the structure to a dynamically varying
BENNY BENNY
y y y g
Performing Pushover A Performing Pushover A
Analysis in PE Analysis in PE
Performing Pushover A Performing Pushover A
Analysis in PE Analysis in PE Analysis in PE Analysis in PE Analysis in PE Analysis in PE
Analysis and Dynamic Analysis and Dynamic
ERFORM ERFORM 3D 3D
Analysis and Dynamic Analysis and Dynamic
ERFORM ERFORM 3D 3D ERFORM ERFORM--3D 3D ERFORM ERFORM--3D 3D
PERFORM 3D i f f f PERFORM-3D is a software for perfo
structural analysis of buildings in 3D
building in the same fashion as a real bu g
Building Stru
Frame and Shear Walls
Lateral Load Resisting Elements
PERFORM-3D offers a powerful 3D nonlinear s
options which tracks hinge formation and helps
p g p
can be performed either on existing or new const
About PERFORM-3D
b d d i i li ormance based design using nonlinear
. It can create computer model of a
uilding. g
ucture
Floor Diaphragm
Lateral Load Transmitting
Floor Slab Elements
Gra it Load Resisting Elements
Lateral Load Transmitting
Element
Gravity Load Resisting Elements
static pushover analysis and dynamic analysis
identify the failure mode of the structure that
BENNY BENNY
y
truction.
Building Stru Building Stru
The Gravity Load Resisting The Gravity Load Resisting
The structural system (beam
act primarily to support th
The Lateral Load Resisting
The structural system (colu The structural system (colu
primarily acts to resist the la
The Floor Diaphragm
The structural system that t
load resisting system and pro
load resisting system and pro
uctural System uctural System
g Elements g Elements
ms, slab, girders, columns, etc) that
he gravity or vertical loads.
Elements
mns shear walls bracing etc) that mns, shear walls, bracing, etc) that
ateral loads.
transfers lateral loads to the lateral
ovides in plane floor stiffness
BENNY BENNY
ovides in-plane floor stiffness.
Modeling of Struc Modeling of Struc
(a) Real S
(b) Solid Model (c) 3D P
(e) 2D Frame
Fig. 1 Various Ways t
Various Ways to Mo
ctural Geometry ctural Geometry
Structure
Plate-Frame (d) 3D Frame
BENNY BENNY
to Model a Real Struture
odel a Real Structure
WARNING:
Computers assist the structu
phase of the design process
rearranges system componen rearranges system componen
and behavior. Therefore any
substitute for informed huma
be used by competent desi
experience necessary to
information generated by g y
PERFORM-3D.
ural designer in the creative
s, but it is the designer who
nts so as to optimize both cost nts so as to optimize both cost
y structural software is not a
an judgment and should only
igner with the training and
evaluate and verify any
the software tools like
BENNY BENNY
Example Application: Example Application:
Problem
A basic seven-story RC moment resist b s c seve s o y C o e es s
traditional linear-static and linear-dyn
ETABS, is subjected to earthquak
performance of the building using stat performance of the building using stat
uniform distribution of lateral load patt
nonlinear time history analysis) based o
form of 1940 El Centro ground motion
approximate level of the design respo
using the computer software EZ-FRISK g p
: 3D Concrete Building : 3D Concrete Building
ting building frame was designed by g bu d g e w s des g ed by
namic lateral load methods using
ke ground motion. Evaluate the
tic nonlinear pushover analysis with tic nonlinear pushover analysis with
terns and dynamic analysis (inelastic
on an earthquake ground motion in a
n record (accelerogram) scaled to the
onse spectrum by spectral matching
K v7.32.
BENNY BENNY
Typical Floor Plan and Elevation
0
m
Columns: 70cm x
Rebar: 24 #8
Ties: #3 @0.10
W-E beams: 45cm
6
.
0
0
m
W E beams: 45cm
Top End Rebar
Bottom End R
Top Midspan R
Bottom Midsp
Ti #3 @0 10
6
.
0
Ties: #3 @0.10
N-S beams: 45cm
Top End Rebar
Bottom End R
Top Midspan R Top Midspan R
Bottom Midsp
Ties: #3 @0.10
Slabs: 135mm
0
m
70cm
0m
m x 55cm
6

@

3
.
0
m x 55cm
r: 4 #8
Rebar: 3 #8
Rebar: 2 #8
pan Rebar: 3 #8
0
3
.
7
5
m
0m
m x 60cm
r: 4 #8
Rebar: 3 #8
Rebar: 2 #8
3
6.0m 5.0m 6.0m
Rebar: 2 #8
pan Rebar: 3 #8
0m
BENNY BENNY
Seismic Design Criteria and Design E Seismic Design Criteria and Design E
Understanding the fundamentals of the Code
and the behavior of the proposed structural
developed for the proposed structural systems developed for the proposed structural system s
The first design parameter is an explicit s
defining performance levels, as shown in Table
Design Earthquake
Level 1
(Moderate Earthquake)
Table 1 Desig
( q )
Performance Level No Damage
Column Deformation Elastic f
(FEMA 273 p. 6-20)
Beam Deformation
(FEMA 273 p. 6-19)
Elastic
All bl D if I d
Allowable Drift Index
0.005
Note: Drift index is the ratio of the horizontal roof displa
Earthquake Levels Earthquake Levels
requirements in terms of strength and ductility
system, two sets of design parameters were
s seismic performance s seismic performance.
et of quantifiable acceptable Design Criteria
e 1.
Level 2
(Major Earthquake)
Level 3
(Severe Earthquake)
gn Criteria
( j q ) ( q )
Repairable Damage No Collapse
Rotation < 0.01 radians Rotation < 0.02 radians
Rotation < 0.02 radians Rotation < 0.025 radians
BENNY BENNY
0.010 0.020
acement to the height of the building relative to the ground.
Th d t f d i t i th D The second set of design parameter is the De
relates the seismic load design levels stated in
peak ground motion based on the seismic zones
to the seismic zones from the UBC 1997 can to the seismic zones from the UBC 1997 can
ground acceleration (associated with an earth
exceeded in 50 years) expressed as a functio
absence of site specific study, the following eff absence of site specific study, the following eff
used, as shown in Table 2.
Seismic Risk
Table 2 Effec
Zone 1
Minor damage; maximum groun
4.9 of Richter Scale
Z 2
Moderate damage; maximum gro
Zone 2
g ; g
to 5.9 of Richter Scale
Zone 3
Major damage; maximum ground
6.9 of Richter Scale
Zone 4
No collapse; maximum ground a
corresponds to magnitude 7 and
i E th k L l ( t lid ) th t esign Earthquake Levels (see next slide), that
the Table 1 of Design Criteria to the effective
s. The values of this seismic zone factor related
be considered to represent the effective peak be considered to represent the effective peak
hquake that has a 10% probability of being
on of the acceleration due to gravity. In the
fective peak ground acceleration (PGA) can be fective peak ground acceleration (PGA) can be
Seismic Damage
ctive PGA
g
nd acceleration is 0.07g; corresponds to magnitude 4 to
ound acceleration is 0.15g; corresponds to magnitude 5 g; p g
d acceleration is 0.30g; corresponds to magnitude 6 to
BENNY BENNY
acceleration is estimated to be approximately 0.55g;
higher of Richter Scale
T bl 3 D i
Levels of
Earthquake Loads
by their Intensities
FEMA Qualitative
Description
Pro
Occ
5
Table 3 Design
by their Intensities 5
Level 1: MMI VII
Frequently level
Occasional
Level 2: MMI VIII Level 2: MMI VIII
Design Intensity level
Rare
Level 3: MMI IX
Severity level
Very Rare
Severity level
The level 1 earthquake is similar in magnitude
earthquake, which is the serviceability state
earthquake correspond to the Code ultimate st earthquake correspond to the Code ultimate st
The level 3 earthquake correspond to the Cod
(Collapse Prevention).
N t lid h th i t i i l
Next slide shows the approximate empirical co
(MMI) and the PGA.
E th k L l
obability of
currence in
50 years
Return Period
(Year)
Corresponding
Effective PGA
(g)
n Earthquake Level
50 years (g)
50% 72 0.12
10% 475 0.25
2% 2475 0.50
e to the Code level elastic design in a moderate
event (Immediate Occupancy). The level 2
tate level in a major earthquake (Life Safety) tate level in a major earthquake (Life Safety).
de inelastic state level in a severe earthquake
l ti b t M difi d M lli I t it
BENNY BENNY
orrelations between Modified Mercalli Intensity
One often asks: Can my building withst
the M7.2 earthquake causes different sh
and the damage induced in buildings and the damage induced in buildings
indeed it is particular levels of inte
structures are designed to resist, and n
ground acceleration (PGA), i.e., maxi
ground during shaking, is one way the
severity of the ground shaking (seismic y g g (
Approximate Empirical Correlations Be
tand a magnitude 7.2 earthquake? But,
haking intensities at different locations,
at these locations is different Thus at these locations is different. Thus,
ensity of shaking that buildings and
not so much the magnitude. The peak
imum acceleration experienced by the
e engineers and scientists quantify the
c intensity). y)
etween the MMI Intensities and the PGA
BENNY BENNY
Seismic Design Loading Seismic Design Loading
Using the above-mentioned perform
equivalent static lateral force analysis
used to size all the structural member
stage of design, the nonlinear pushove
history analysis were used to understa history analysis were used to understa
system for its compliance with the desi
Static seismic load: UBC 1997 Soil Pro
Seismic Zone Fact
Distance To Know Distance To Know
mance based approach; a Code based
s and response spectrum analysis were
rs using ETABS. Following this initial
er analysis and inelastic nonlinear time
and the global behavior of the structural and the global behavior of the structural
ign criteria.
ofile Type = S
c
or = 0.40 Seismic Source Type = A
wn Seismic Source = 10 km wn Seismic Source 10 km
BENNY BENNY
Dynamic seismic load:
Earthquake record: Pair of El Cen
Earthquake record scaled to matc
Se
Se
Earthquake record scaled to matc
ntro Site, 180 degrees and 270 degrees
ch UBC 97 Response spectrum with:
eismic Coefficient Ca = 0.40
eismic Coefficient Cv = 0.672
ch UBC 97 Response spectrum with:
BENNY BENNY
Note:
1. C
a
and C
v
are the earthquake nea
response within the acceleratio
Acceleration
controlled
range of the
spectrum
Velo
con
of th
response within the acceleratio
design response spectrum.
ar-source effect that defines ground motion
n and velocity controlled ranges of the
ocity
ntrolled range
he spectrum
n and velocity-controlled ranges of the
BENNY BENNY
Note:
2. The El Centro ground motion r
and amplitude of acceleration w and amplitude of acceleration w
produce a response spectra comp
the design of the building).
El Centro E-W component Spectrum
record (accelerogram) frequency content
will be altered so that the accelerogram will be altered so that the accelerogram
parable to the UBC 97(which was used in
BENNY BENNY
m Match Graph Using EZ-FRISK v7.32
El Centro N-S component Spectrum
BENNY BENNY
m Match Graph Using EZ-FRISK v7.32
Live load: Roof LL = 1.0 kPa F
Gravity Loading
Materials
Dead load: Floor wt + toppings = 3.6 kP
Materials
Concrete: 24.131 MPa Reinforcing st
Make sure that you read through the sections of
or its updated version FEMA 356 before you
procedures discussed here automate the proces
the method to ensure valid results Finally the method to ensure valid results. Finally,
documentation for the nonlinear analysis is n
computational details of nonlinear analysis,
capabilities of PERFORM-3D in the nonlinear
structures.
Floor LL = 2.4 kPa
Pa Partitions: 1 kPa
teel: ASTM Grade 60 fy = 415 MPa
f the FEMA-273 Guidelines and Commentary
u attempt to apply the NSP and NDP. The
s but you still need a thorough knowledge of
it is emphasized that the PERFORM 3D it is emphasized that the PERFORM-3D
not intended to, and does not, document the
, but rather is intended to document the
analysis and performance assessment for 3D
BENNY BENNY
The following PERFORM 3D screen shots o The following PERFORM-3D screen shots o
creating a new project to creating nonlinear mo
1. To start PERFORM-3D, double click the d
Select Start a
new structure
outlines the basic flow of the program from
Modeling Phase Modeling Phase
outlines the basic flow of the program from
odel.
desktop icon .
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
Note:
PERFORM-3D has data exchange feature. T
exported from ETABS as PERFORM-3D text
Elements connectivity written by ETABS will
PERFORM-3D toolbar buttons Nodes and Elem
The user can import the geometry of the building
file. However importing file containing Nodes and
BENNY BENNY
not be used. Building geometry will be created by
ments task.
2 P t lb b tt f M d li h 2. Press toolbar buttons for Modeling ph
Activate
Modeling
phase
Activate
Nodes task
h d th N d t k t if d hase and the Nodes task to specify nodes.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
h change
to 2D
view
Tools f
Click to
change to 2D
view
for View Direction and Perspective
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
C t l id f d f f Create a regular grid of nodes for one of p
the Grid tab. Specify dimensions.
Select
Grid tab
Click to
Test
i t 2D f i H1 di ti Ch erimeter 2D frame in H1 direction. Choose
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Ch th M t b t f th Choose the Move tab to move some of the
building to be evaluated.
Select
Move
tab
d t f ith th t f nodes to conform with the geometry of
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
3 Ch th S t t b t if i idl 3. Choose the Supports tab to specify rigidly
Select
Supports pp
tab
t d d y supported nodes.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
4 P th t lb b tt f th El 4. Press the toolbar button for the Elem
Activate
Elements Elements
task
t t k ents task.
BENNY BENNY
C t l t T t t Create an element group. To start a new gr
Select
New
button
th N b tt roup press the New button.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click
Click Click
Click
Click Click
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
5 P th t lb b tt f th F 5. Press the toolbar button for the Fram
Activate Add or
delete frames
task
t k t d fi th t d f mes task to define the created frame.
BENNY BENNY
P th N b tt t d fi F 1 Press the New button to define Frame 1.
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t f th f Input a name for the frame.
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
S l t ll d f d fi d t d f Select all nodes of undefined created frame
e.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
D li t F 1 Th d li t f i Duplicate Frame 1. The duplicate frame is
Select
Duplicate tab
F 2 Ch th D li t t b Frame 2. Choose the Duplicate tab.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
change
to 3D
view view
Click to
change to 3D
view
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
T t Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
D li t F 2 Th d li t f i Duplicate Frame 2. The duplicate frame is
Click to
Test
F 3 Frame 3.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
A t Accept
BENNY BENNY
6 P th t lb b tt f th El 6. Press the toolbar button for the Elem
direction perimeter beams.
Activate
Elements task
t t k Ch Add El t t b Add H2 ents task. Choose Add Elements tab. Add H2
BENNY BENNY
Ch Add El t t b Choose Add Elements tab.
Select Add
Elements
tab
BENNY BENNY
Add H2 di ti i t b Add H2 direction perimeter beams.
Cli k Click
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
7 C t l t I t i b 7. Create an element group Interior beams.
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
S l t Select
to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Ch Add El t t b Add N S i t i Choose Add Elements tab. Add N-S interio
Click
Select
New
button
Click
b l H2 di ti or beams along H2 direction.
Click
k
Click
BENNY BENNY
Select Select
to Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Clickt Clickt
to Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Ch Ch G t t th Choose Change Group to move to the gro
group of perimeter beams.
Select
Change
Group Group
f i t i b th b th t i th oup of interior beams the beams that are in the
BENNY BENNY
Click to
change 3D
View
BENNY BENNY
Click to
BENNY BENNY
Accept
BENNY BENNY
S l t th i t i b i th Select the interior beams in the group o
interior beams.
Click to
Move
f i t b t t th f of perimeter beams to move to the group of
BENNY BENNY
8 C t l t I t i l 8. Create an element group Interior columnss
Select
New
button
.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Ch Ch G t t th Choose Change Group to move to the gro
the group of perimeter columns.
Select
Change
Group Group
f i t i l th l th t i oup of interior columns the columns that are in
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t th i t i l i th f Select the interior columns in the group of
interior columns.
Click to
Move Move
i t l t t th f perimeter columns to move to the group of
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Note:
The geometry for a 3D structure can
plots by showing only selected parts o plots by showing only selected parts o
part of the complete structure. It can
you would like to operate on separately
be complex. You can simplify the
of the structure. A frame is any of the structure. A frame is any
be a plane frame, or a floor that
y from the complete structure.
BENNY BENNY
9 P th t lb b tt f th F 9. Press the toolbar button for the Frame
B, Frame C, and Frame D along H2 direc
Activate Add
or delete or delete
frames task
t k t d fi th ti l F A F es task to define the vertical Frame A, Frame
ction.
BENNY BENNY
It i ll b t t h t l i It is usually best to change to plan view, so
select.
th t l t th d ith b o that you can select the nodes with a box
Click to
change to Plan
Vi
BENNY BENNY
View
P th N b tt Press the New button.
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t f th F A Input a name for the Frame A.
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t N d f th F A Select Nodes for the Frame A.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t f th F B Input a name for the Frame B.
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t N d f th F B Select Nodes for the Frame B.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t f th F C Input a name for the Frame C.
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t N d f th F C Select Nodes for the Frame C.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t f th F D Input a name for the Frame D.
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t N d f th F D Select Nodes for the Frame D.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
10 P th t lb b tt f th F 10. Press the toolbar button for the Fram
floor to roof deck one at a time. It is usual
you can select the nodes with a box select.
Activate Add Activate Add
or delete
frames task
t k t d fi th h i t l fl f 2 d me task to define the horizontal floor frame 2nd
lly best to change to an elevation view, so that
Click to
change to
Elevation View
looking along
H1
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t f th 2 d Fl Input a name for the 2nd Floor.
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t N d f th 2 d Fl Select Nodes for the 2nd Floor.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Define the remaining horizontal floor fr
one at a time by repeating the process;
1. press the New button, 1. press the New button,
2. input the name of the floor frame,
3. select the nodes of the floor frame,
4. accept the selected nodes.
rame 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and Roof deck
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft th h i t l f d k f Screen shot after the horizontal roof deck f
fl f d fi d floor frame was defined.
BENNY BENNY
N t Note:
Model the building geometry and gravity
version with mass source to calculate the c
and rotational mass of moment inertia.
load cases in MIDAS Gen v7.0.2 or its latest
center of mass of the floor, translational mass,
BENNY BENNY
11 D fi th t f f th fl P 11. Define the center of mass of the floor. Pres
Activate
N d Nodes
task
th t lb b tt f th N d t k ss the toolbar button for the Nodes task.
BENNY BENNY
Ch Si l t b t dd t f Choose Single tab to add center of mass no
S l t Select
Single tab
d di t h fl ode coordinates on each floor.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d F Click the down arrow of drop-down Frame
li t t di l t f h i e list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t 2 d fl Select 2nd floor.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th di t f t f Specify the coordinates of center of mass a
Click to
T t Test
t 2 d fl at 2nd floor.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
A t Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Define the location of center of mass at
floor, and Roof deck one at a time by rep
1. click the down arrow of drop-down 1. click the down arrow of drop down
2. select the floor,
3. specify the coordinates of center of m
4. test the specified coordinates,
5. accept the specified coordinates if it
3rd floor, 4th floor, 5th floor, 6th floor, 7th
peating the process;
frame list to display a set of choices, frame list to display a set of choices,
mass of the floor,
is correct.
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft if i th di t Screen shot after specifying the coordinate
f t f t R f d k es of center of mass at Roof deck.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
A t Accept
BENNY BENNY
12 C t i id fl t i t Th d 12. Create rigid floor constraints. The node w
floor must be included when creating
button for the Nodes task. Choose the
Activate
Nodes
task
Se
Sl Sla
t
h th t f th i l t d h here the center of the mass is located on each
the rigid floor constraint. Press the toolbar
e Slaving tab.
elect
i aving
tab
BENNY BENNY
Click to
h t Pl change to Plan
View
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t f th 2 d fl di h Input a name for the 2nd floor diaphgram
Click to
Accept
m.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t th N d f th 2 d Fl f Select the Nodes for the 2nd Floor frame
mass is located .
i l di th d h th t f th including the node where the center of the
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Define the remaining rigid floor diaphr
floor, 7th floor, and Roof deck one at a t
3. press the New button,
4. input the name of rigid diaphragm,
5. select the nodes of the floor frame
mass is located,
6. accept the selected nodes.
ragms at 3rd floor, 4th floor, 5th floor, 6th
time by repeating the process;
frame list to display a set of choices, frame list to display a set of choices,
including the node where the center of the
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft d fi i th i id di h Screen shot after defining the rigid diaphra
t R f d k agm at Roof deck.
BENNY BENNY
13 Ch th M t b t i t th t 13. Choose the Masses tab to input the trans
inertia at the point of center of mass.
Select
Masses
tab
l ti l d t ti l t f lational mass and rotational mass moment of
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t tt f (th Input pattern name of masses (the mass so
Click to
Accept
d fi d i MIDAS G 7 0 2) urce defined in MIDAS Gen 7.0.2).
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t th t l ti l d t ti l Input the translational mass and rotational
of mass of the 2nd Floor and select the n
Floor frame is located .
l t f i ti t th i t f t l mass moment of inertia at the point of center
node where the center of the mass at the 2nd
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t 3 d fl Select 3rd floor.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t th t l ti l d t ti l Input the translational mass and rotational
of mass of the 3rd Floor and select the n
Floor frame is located .
l t f i ti t th i t f t l mass moment of inertia at the point of center
node where the center of the mass at the 3rd
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Define the remaining masses at center o
floor, where the value of mass is equal t
mass at center of mass of Roof deck (T
b i h by repeating the process;
1. click the down arrow of drop-down
2 select the floor 2. select the floor,
3. input the translational mass and rot
of center of mass of the floor and se
of that floor frame is located,
4. test the value of data input and selec
5 t th l t d d 5. accept the selected node.
of mass of 4th floor, 5th floor, 6th floor, 7th
to the mass at 3rd floor and the remaining
= 178, 178, 0 R = 0, 0, 9297) one at a time
frame list to display a set of choices,
tational mass moment of inertia at the point
elect the node where the center of the mass
cted node,
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft d fi i th t R Screen shot after defining the mass at Roo
f d k of deck.
BENNY BENNY
N t Notes:
Elements are made up of components.
Elements Elements
Horizontal or vertical subassemblies th
Braced frame
Moment frame
Shear wall
Diaphragm
Components Components pp
Individual members that comprise an e
Beam
Column
Joint
Brace
Pier
Footing
Damper
hat comprise a structure:
element:
BENNY BENNY
B f i ti t l Before you can assign properties to ele
Properties. You do not, however, have to
Chapter 5 of User Guide or for mo
Components and Elements) To specify Components and Elements ). To specify
toolbar buttons for Modeling phase
component that you define, you must a
component names carefully, so that you can component names carefully, so that you can
Note: The behavior of the nonlinear model
you must be careful when you specify thes
6-8 (page 6-22), Table 6-18 (page 6-51)
FEMA 356 for the Modeling Paramete
Nonlinear Procedures.
t t fi t if C t ements, you must first specify Components
specify values for all possible properties. (See
ore details, see the document PERFORM
y or change component properties press the y or change component properties, press the
and the Components task. For each
assign an identifying name. Be sure to plan
n easily identify them. n easily identify them.
l depends on the properties of the components, p p p p
se properties. See Table 6-7 (page 6-21), Table
) and Table 6-19 (page 6-52, Chapter 6, of
ers and Numerical Acceptance Criteria for
BENNY BENNY
14 S if i t i / i t l 14. Specify interior/perimeter columns compon
Activate
CComponents
task
t ti nents properties.
BENNY BENNY
70 70 i t i / t i l 70cm x 70cm interior/exterior column w
Select C
Sects t
ith 24 #8 b C S ti ti with 24-#8 rebars Cross Sections properties
Cross
tab
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d T Click the down arrow of drop-down Type
C
li t t di l t f h i list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t C l R i f d C t S ti Select Column, Reinforced Concrete Secti
iion.
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t ti d h it Input cross section name and choose units
Click to
Accept
.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d S ti Click the down arrow of drop-down Sectio
Sh li t t di l t f h i on Shape list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t R t l Select Rectangular.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I th Stiff Di i t b i t th In the Stiffness, Dimensions tab input the
Stiffness (Youngs Modulus and Poissons
ti di i (B d D) d M t i l e section dimensions (B and D) and Material
ratio). Press the Calculate button.
Click to
Calculate
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
S l t I l ti St th t b Select Inelastic Strength tab.
Select
Inelastic
Strength tab
BENNY BENNY
Select
Strength at
U Point U Point
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I th A i l/B di t b i t th A In the Axial/Bending tab, input the Ax
Stiffness obtained from XTRACT Axial F
Plot button.
i l F d M t t B l P i t xial Forces and Moments at Balance Point
orce - Moment Interaction Analysis. Press the
Click to Plot Click to Plot
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Specify the Section Properties of Interior
1. press New button,
2 i i d h 2. input cross section name and choose
3. click the down arrow of drop-dow
choices,
4. select Rectangle,
5. in the Stiffness, dimensions tab in
Material Stiffness (Youngs Modulu
button,
6. select Inelastic Strength tab, g ,
7. in the Axial/Bending tab, input th
Stiffness obtained from XTRACT A
then press the Plot button
then press the Plot button,
8. press Check button and Save button
r columns by repeating the process;
i e units,
wn Section Shape list to display a set of
put the section dimension (B and D) and
us and Poissons ratio). Press the Calculate
he Axial Forces and Moments at Balance
Axial Force - Moment Interaction Analysis
BENNY BENNY
n.
S h t ft if i ti Screen shot after specifying cross section p
ti f i t i l properties of interior columns.
BENNY BENNY
70 70 i t i / t i l 70cm x 70cm interior/exterior column w
Select
Inelastic tab
ith 24 #8 b I l ti ti with 24-#8 rebars Inelastic properties
BENNY BENNY
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t FEMA C l C t T Select FEMA Column, Concrete Type.
BENNY BENNY
S l t U C S ti d D f ti Select Use Cross Section and Deformation
Select
New
button
S
Cr
button
Sele
Sele
C iti P th N b tt n Capacities. Press the New button.
Select Use
ross Section
ect Deformation
BENNY BENNY
ect Deformation
Capacities
I t t d h it Input component name and choose units.
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t C l R i f d C t S ti Select Column, Reinforced Concrete Secti
iion.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d N Click the down arrow of drop-down Name
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t P i t l Select Perimeter columns.
BENNY BENNY
Select Basic
F-D
Relationship
tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I th D f ti DX (d f ti th t In the Deformation DX (deformation that
the analysis) text box, input the value o
Analysis. In the Approximate Length of C
column column.
i l th t th i i t i ti i is so large that there is no point in continuing
obtained from XTRACT Moment Curvature
Column Element text box, input the length of
Select
Deformation
Capacities
BENNY BENNY
I th PU d VU L l ( lti t t In the PU and VU Level (ultimate stre
reached) of deformation capacity text box,
the Design Criteria.
th i t h th i t th i ength point where the maximum strength is
, input the column deformation that was set in
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click
BENNY BENNY
I th C iti f B di b t A i 2 In the Capacities for Bending about Axis 2
Click to
Check
2 i t th ti i th t t b 2 input the ratio in the text box.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Specify the Inelastic Properties of Interio
2 i d h 2. input component name and choose u
choices,
4. select type of cross section,
choices,
6. select the name of cross section,
7 l t B i F D R l ti hi t b 7. select Basic F-D Relationship tab,
8. In the deformation DX (deformatio
continuing the analysis) text box,
Moment Curvature Analysis. In the
text box, input the length of column.
or columns by repeating the process;
i units,
Type list of cross section to display a set of
Name list of cross section to display a set of
on that is so large that there is no point in
input the value obtained from XTRACT
BENNY BENNY
e Approximate Length of Column Element
.
9. select Deformation Capacities tab,
10 i h PU d VU L l ( l i 10. in the PU and VU Level (ultimate st
is reached) of deformation capacit
that was set in the Design Criteria,
11. in the Capacities for Bending about
12. press Check and Save button.
h i h h i h trength point where the maximum strength
y text box, input the column deformation
Axis 2 input the ratio in the text box,
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft if i i l ti Screen shot after specifying inelastic prope
ti f i t i l erties of interior columns.
BENNY BENNY
70 70 i t i / i t l 70cm x 70cm interior/perimeter column
Selec Selec
Compo
tab
ith 24 #8 b C d ti with 24-#8 rebars Compound properties
ct ct
ound
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d li t C Click the down arrow of drop-down list Co
t T li t t di l t f h i omponent Type list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t FEMA C l C t T Select FEMA Column, Concrete Type.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d li Click the down arrow of drop-down lis
choices.
t C t N li t t di l t f st Component Name list to display a set of
Click down Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d L t Click the down arrow of drop-down Lengt
th T li t t di l t f h i th Type list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t ti f i d l th Select proportion of unassigned length.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t 0 5 (50% f th l l th) th Input 0.5 (50% of the column length) the p
ti f l th l proportion of length value.
Click Add
button
BENNY BENNY
Click Add
button
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t E d Z f B C l Select End Zone for a Beam or Column.
BENNY BENNY
choices.
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t D f lt E d Z Select Default End Zone.
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t B d dj t b l Select Based on adjacent beam or column
i size.
BENNY BENNY
Click Add
button
BENNY BENNY
Select Self
Weight
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t lf i ht it l th Input self weight per unit length.
Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Specify the Basic Components and Self
columns upper stories, Interior columns
stories by repeating the process;
2. input component name and choose u
3. select and add the appropriate C
Length Type,
4. select self weight tab and input the s 4. select self weight tab and input the s
5. press Check and Save button
Weight Compound Properties of Perimeter
s bottom story, and Interior columns upper
units,
Component Type, Component Name, and
self weight per unit length, self weight per unit length,
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft if i th S lf Screen shot after specifying the Self
properties of perimeter columns, upper sto
W i ht d B i C t C d Weight and Basic Components Compound
ories.
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft if i S lf W i ht Screen shot after specifying Self Weight
of interior columns bottom story, fixed.
d B i C t C d ti and Basic Components Compound properties
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft if i th S lf Screen shot after specifying the Self
properties of interior columns, upper storie
W i ht d B i C t C d Weight and Basic Components Compound
es.
BENNY BENNY
15 S if i t i / i t b 15. Specify interior/perimeter beams compone
45cm x 55cm and 45cm x 60cm interior/p
3-#8 mid-span bars Sections properties
t ti l H1 d H2 nts properties along H1 and H2.
perimeter beam with 4-#8 top end bars and
Select Cross
Sects tab
BENNY BENNY
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t B R i f d C t S ti Select Beam, Reinforced Concrete Section
n.
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t ti d h it Input cross section name and choose units
Click to
Accept
.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d S ti Click the down arrow of drop-down Sectio
Sh li t t di l t f h i on Shape list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t R t l Select Rectangular.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I th Stiff Di i t b i t th In the Stiffness, Dimensions tab input the
Stiffness (Youngs Modulus and Poissons
ti di i (B d D) d M t i l e section dimensions (B and D) and Material
ratio). Press the Calculate button.
Click to
Calculate
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
S l t I l ti St th t b Select Inelastic Strength tab.
Select
Inelastic
Strength tab
BENNY BENNY
Select
Bending at
U Point U Point
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t th B di t U P i t ( lti t t Input the Bending at U Point (ultimate st
reached) obtained from XTRACT Moment
Click to
Ch k Check
t th i t h th i t th i trength point, where the maximum strength is
t Curvature Analysis.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Specify the Section Properties along H1
beams, and along H2 of interior beams b
1. press New button, 1. press New button,
2. input cross section name and choose
choices,
4. select Rectangle,
5. in the Stiffness, dimensions tab in
Material Stiffness (Youngs Modulu
button,
6. select Inelastic Strength tab,
7. input the Bending at U Point (ulti
strength is reached) obtained from X
strength is reached) obtained from X
8. press Check button and Save button
1 of interior beams, along H2 of perimeter
by repeating the process;
e units,
wn Section Shape list to display a set of
put the section dimension (B and D) and
us and Poissons ratio). Press the Calculate
imate strength point, where the maximum
XTRACT Moment Curvature Analysis
BENNY BENNY
XTRACT Moment Curvature Analysis,
n.
S h t ft if i ti Screen shots after specifying cross section
ti f i t i b l H1 n properties of interior beams along H1.
BENNY BENNY
ti f i t b l H2 properties of perimeter beams along H2.
BENNY BENNY
ti f i t i b l H2 properties of interior beams along H2.
BENNY BENNY
3-#8 mid-span bars Inelastic properties
Select
Inelastic tab
BENNY BENNY
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t FEMA B C t T Select FEMA Beam, Concrete Type.
BENNY BENNY
S l t U C S ti d D f ti Select Use Cross Section and Deformation
Select
New
button
S
Cr
button
Sele
Sele
C iti P th N b tt n Capacities. Press the New button.
Select Use
ross Section
ect Deformation
BENNY BENNY
ect Deformation
Capacities
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t B R i f d C t S ti Select Beam, Reinforced Concrete Section
n.
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t Al H1 i t b Select Along H1 perimeter beams.
BENNY BENNY
Select Basic
F-D
Relationship
tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I th P iti R t ti t X (d f t In the Positive Rotation at X (deformat
continuing the analysis) text box, input
Curvature Analysis. In the Approximate L
length of beam length of beam.
ti th t i l th t th i i t i tion that is so large that there is no point in
the value obtained from XTRACT Moment
Length of Beam Element text box, input the
Select
Deformation
Capacities
BENNY BENNY
I th P C it t t b i t th b In the Pos. Capacity text box, input the be
Criteria.
l ti t ti th t t i th D i eam plastic rotation that was set in the Design
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Specify the Inelastic Properties along
beams, and along H2 interior beams of b
choices,
4. select type of cross section,
choices,
6. select the name of cross section,,
7. select Basic F-D Relationship tab,
H1 interior beams, along H2 perimeter
by repeating the process;
units, click OK,
Type list of cross section to display a set of
Name list of cross section to display a set of
BENNY BENNY
8. in the Positive Rotation at X (deform
in continuing the analysis) text box in continuing the analysis) text box
Moment Curvature Analysis. In the
box, input the length of beam.
9 select Deformation Capacities tab 9. select Deformation Capacities tab,
10. in the Pos. Capacity text box, input t
Design Criteria,
11. press Check and Save button.
mation that is so large that there is no point
x, input the value obtained from XTRACT x, input the value obtained from XTRACT
Approximate Length of Beam Element text
the beam plastic rotation that was set in the
BENNY BENNY
ti l H1 i t i b erties along H1 interior beams.
BENNY BENNY
ti l H2 i t b erties along H2 perimeter beams.
BENNY BENNY
ti l H2 i t i b erties along H2 interior beams.
BENNY BENNY
3-#8 mid-span bars Compound properti
Select
Compoun
tab
es
nd
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
choices.
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
i size.
BENNY BENNY
Click Add
button
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t FEMA B C t t Select FEMA Beam, Concrete type.
BENNY BENNY
choices.
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t Al H1 i t b Select Along H1 perimeter beams.
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t P ti f i d l th Select Proportion of unassigned length.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t 0 5 (50% f b t l l th) i th Input 0.5 (50% of beam actual length) in th
h L th l t t b he Length value text box.
Click Add
button
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Add Click Add
button
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
choices.
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
i size.
BENNY BENNY
Click Add
button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Specify the Basic Components Compo
along H2 perimeter beams, and along H2
3. select and add the appropriate C
Length Type,
4. press Check and Save button
ound Properties along H1 interior beams,
2 interior beams by repeating the process;
units,
Component Type, Component Name, and
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft if i th B i C Screen shot after specifying the Basic C
interior beams.
C t C d ti l H1 Components Compound properties along H1
BENNY BENNY
perimeter beams.
BENNY BENNY
interior beams.
BENNY BENNY
16 A i ti t l t T i 16. Assign properties to elements. To assig
buttons for Modeling phase an
task tab.
A ti t Activate
Modeling
phase
Activate
Elements
task
ti t El t th t lb n properties to Elements, press the toolbar
nd the Elements task. Choose the Properties
BENNY BENNY
Select
Properties
tab
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d C Click the down arrow of drop-down Curre
t G li t t di l t f h i ent Group list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t th l t ( i t l b Select the elements (perimeter columns bo
Click
Clic
Click
Click
tt t fi d) ottom story, fixed).
Click
Click
k
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
k Click
P A i C t b tt Press Assign Component button.
Click Assign
Component
BENNY BENNY
P th d f d d Ch Press the down arrow of drop-down Cho
choices.
Cli
t t li t t di l t f oose component type list to display a set of
ick down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t F M b C d C Select Frame Member Compound Compon
t nent.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d Ch Click the down arrow of drop-down Cho
choices.
Click do
arrow
arrow
t li t t di l t f oose component name list to display a set of
own
w
BENNY BENNY
w
S l t P i t l b tt t fi Select Perimeter columns bottom story, fix
d xed.
BENNY BENNY
P A i b tt Press Assign button.
Click
Assign
BENNY BENNY
P Cl S l t d El t b tt Press Clear Selected Elements button.
Click C
Select
Emen
Clear
ted
BENNY BENNY
nts
BENNY BENNY
Assign Element Properties to Perimete
bottom story fixed, Interior columns u
along H1 interior beams, along H2 peri
b i h by repeating the process;
1. press the drop down arrow of drop-
of choices,
2. select the group name,
3. select the elements,
4. press Assign Component button,
5. press the down arrow of drop-down
f h i of choices,
6. select frame Member Compound Co
7 press the down arrow of drop-down
7. press the down arrow of drop-down
set of choices,
r columns upper stories, Interior columns
upper stories, along H1 perimeter beams,
meter beams, and along H2 interior beams
down Compound Group list to display a set
n Choose component type list to display a set
omponent
n Choose compound name list to display a
BENNY BENNY
n Choose compound name list to display a
8. select the Compound name,
9. press Assign button,
10 Cl S l d El 10. press Clear Selected Elements.
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft i i El t P Screen shots after assigning Elements Prop
ti t P i t l t i perties to Perimeter columns upper stories.
BENNY BENNY
ti t I t i l b tt t fi d perties to Interior columns bottom story fixed.
BENNY BENNY
ti t I t i l t i perties to Interior columns upper stories.
BENNY BENNY
ti t P i t b l H1 perties to Perimeter beams along H1.
BENNY BENNY
ti t I t i b l H1 perties to Interior beams along H1.
BENNY BENNY
ti t P i t b l H2 perties to Perimeter beams along H2.
BENNY BENNY
ti t I t i b l H2 perties to Interior beams along H2.
BENNY BENNY
17 A i l l i i t ti t l t 17. Assign local axis orientations to elements
the toolbar buttons for Modeling p
Choose the Orientations task tab.
Select
Orientations Orientations
tab
T i l l i i t ti t l t . To assign local axis orientation to elements,
phase and the Element task are activated.
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t th l t Select the elements.
BENNY BENNY
Ch b i di ti t A i 2 Choose basic direction to Axis 2.
Click to
select
o
BENNY BENNY
P T t b tt Press Test button.
Click to Test
BENNY BENNY
P OK b tt Press OK button.
Click to
Accept
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t I t i l Select Interior columns.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
select
BENNY BENNY
Click to Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
A t
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t P i t b Select Perimeter beams.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
select
BENNY BENNY
Click to Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
A t
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t I t i b Select Interior beams.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
select
BENNY BENNY
Click to Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
A t
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
N t Notes:
There are three load pattern types, namel
and self weight patterns. To specify a lo
Modeling phase and the Load Patter
New button and follow the instructions.
Nodal load patterns are usually used for eit Nodal load patterns are usually used for eit
Gravity loads usually have V loads only, a
However, PERFORM-3D does not preven
include both H and V loads.
Element load patterns and self weight patte
ly nodal load patterns, element load patterns,
oad pattern press the toolbar buttons for the
rns task . To start a new pattern press the
ther gravity load cases or pushover load cases. ther gravity load cases or pushover load cases.
and pushover loads usually have H loads only.
nt you from specifying nodal load patterns that
erns are used for gravity load cases.
BENNY BENNY
18 S t h i t l d l l d tt b 18. Set up horizontal nodal load patterns bas
cases along H1.
Activ
Load pa
tas tas
d t l ti l f h l d ed on translational masses for pushover load
vate
atterns
sk sk
BENNY BENNY
Click to
change to Plan
View
BENNY BENNY
View
Select Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t tt Input pattern name.
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t t l ti l d l l d d l t th Input translational nodal load and select th
floor frame is located.
h d h th t f t th d he node where the center of mass at the second
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Input the remaining horizontal nodal
pushover load cases along H1 at center
floor, where the value of nodal load is e
i i d l l d f remaining nodal load at center of mass o
repeating the process;
3. input the translational nodal load at
select the node where the center of th
l load based on translational masses for
equal to the nodal load at 3rd floor and the
f R f d k l 178 i b of Roof deck equals to 178 one at a time by
Frame list to display a set of choices,
t the point of center of mass of the floor and
he mass of that floor frame is located,
cted node,
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft i tti th h i t l Screen shot after inputting the horizontal n
along H1.
d l l d t th t f f R f d k nodal load at the center of mass of Roof deck
BENNY BENNY
19 S t h i t l d l l d tt b 19. Set up horizontal nodal load patterns bas
cases along H2. Press New button.
Select
New
button
d t l ti l f h l d ed on translational masses for pushover load
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
h d h th t f t th thi d he node where the center of mass at the third
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Input the remaining horizontal nodal
pushover load cases along H2 at center
floor, where the value of nodal load is e
i i d l l d f remaining nodal load at center of mass o
repeating the process;
3. input the translational nodal load at
select the node where the center of th
l load based on translational masses for
equal to the nodal load at 3rd floor and the
f R f d k l 178 i b of Roof deck equals to 178 one at a time by
Frame list to display a set of choices,
t the point of center of mass of the floor and
he mass of that floor frame is located,
cted node,
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft i tti th h i t l Screen shot after inputting the horizontal n
along H2.
d l l d t th t f f R f d k nodal load at the center of mass of Roof deck
BENNY BENNY
Notes before specifying element load pattern:
1. Beam self weight loads are applied as n
l d b di ib d l h b
2 Floor loads due to DL and LL are conve
load to be distributed along the beam
pattern. Specify the loads directly using
Two-Way Slab System (m = S/L >= 0.50)
short span long spa
2. Floor loads due to DL and LL are conve
short span long spa

= =
2
3
3
WS
w
3
WS
w
L S
where: m = S/L S = shorter side L
w
S
= equivalent uniformly distributed load @ sh
w
L
= equivalent uniformly distributed load @ lo
nodal loads at the element ends. If you want the
l l h d S lf i h l d
erted to equivalent distributed loads as follows:
element length, do not use Self weight load
g Element Load patterns.
One-Way Slab System (m = S/L < 0.50)
an short span long span
erted to equivalent distributed loads as follows:
an short span long span
(
(
2
m
2

2
WS
w 0 w
L S
= =
L = longer side W = load per unit floor area
horter side
BENNY BENNY
onger side
Distributed DL on 2
nd
to 7th floor beam
Short span = long span = 6m m = S/L
13 5cm slab weight = 0 135(23 56) = 3 13.5cm slab weight = 0.135(23.56) = 3
W = 3.18 + 1.42 = 4.6 kN/m
2
w
d
Distributed DL on 2
nd
to 7th floor beam
kN/m 7.7
3
4.6(5)

3
WS
w
S
= = = kN/m 7.7
3
4.6(5)

3
WS
w
S
= = =
3 3 3 3
ms 6m x 6m panel excluding beam weight
L = 6/6 = 1
18 kN/m
2
superimposed DL = 1 42 kN/m
2
.18 kN/m
2
superimposed DL = 1.42 kN/m
2
kN/m 9.2
3
4.6(6)

3
WS
w w
L S
= = = =
kN/m 8.9
2
0.83 - 3
7.7
2
m - 3

3
WS
w
2 2
L
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2 3
. \ . \
BENNY BENNY
Distributed DL on roof deck floor beam
13 5cm slab weight = 0 135(23 56) = 3 13.5cm slab weight = 0.135(23.56) = 3
W = 3.18 + 0.42 = 3.6 kN/m
2
w
Distributed DL on roof deck floor beam
kN/m 7.7
3
4.6(5)

3
WS
w
S
= = = kN/m 6
3
3.6(5)

3
WS
w
S
= = =
3 3 3 3
L = 6/6 = 1
18 kN/m
2
superimposed DL = 0 42 kN/m
2
.18 kN/m
2
superimposed DL = 0.42 kN/m
2
kN/m 7.2
3
3.6(6)

3
WS
w w
L S
= = = =
kN/m 6.9
2
0.83 - 3
6
2
m - 3

3
WS
w
2 2
L
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2 3
. \ . \
BENNY BENNY
Distributed LL on 2
nd
to 7th floor beam
Floor LL = 2 4 kN/m
2
w w = Floor LL = 2.4 kN/m
2
w w
S
=
Distributed LL on 2
nd
to 7th floor beam
kN/m 4
3
2.4(5)

3
WS
w
S
= = =
ms 6m x 6m panel
L = 6/6 = 1
kN/m 4 8
2.4(6) WS
w = = = kN/m 4.8
3 3
w
L
= = =
ms 5m x 6m panel
kN/m 4.6
2
0.83 - 3
4
2
m - 3

3
WS
w
2 2
L
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
BENNY BENNY
Distributed LL on roof deck floor beam
Floor LL = 1 kN/m
2
w = Floor LL = 1 kN/m
2
w
S
=
Distributed LL on 2
nd
to 7th floor beam
kN/m 1.7
3
1(5)

3
WS
w
S
= = =
ms 6m x 6m panel
L = 6/6 = 1
kN/m 2
1(6) WS
w = = = kN/m 2
3 3
w
L
= = =
ms 5m x 6m panel
kN/m 1.9
2
0.83 - 3
1.7
2
m - 3

3
WS
w
2 2
L
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
BENNY BENNY
Distributed DL on 2
nd
to 7th floor perim
W-E direction 45cm x 55cm beam weig
distributed DL = 9 2 + 5 8 = 15 0 kN/m distributed DL = 9.2 + 5.8 = 15.0 kN/m
N-S direction 45cm x 60cm beam weig
Distributed DL = 9.2 + 6.4 = 15.6 kN/m Distributed DL 9.2 + 6.4 15.6 kN/m
Distributed DL on 2
nd
to 7th floor perim
W-E direction 45cm x 55cm beam weigg
distributed DL = 7.7 + 5.8 = 13.5 kN/m
meter beams 6m x 6m panel
ght = 0.45(0.55)(23.56) = 5.8 kN/m
mm
ght = 0.45(0.60)(23.56) = 6.4 kN/m
mm
ght = 0.45(0.55)(23.56) = 5.8 kN/m g ( )( )
m
BENNY BENNY
Distributed DL on roof deck floor perim
W-E direction 45cm x 55cm beam weig
distributed DL = 7 2 + 5 8 = 13 0 kN/m distributed DL = 7.2 + 5.8 = 13.0 kN/m
N-S direction 45cm x 60cm beam weig
Distributed DL = 7.2 + 6.4 = 13.6 kN/m Distributed DL 7.2 + 6.4 13.6 kN/m
Distributed DL on roof deck floor perim
W-E direction 45cm x 55cm beam weigg
distributed DL = 6 + 5.8 = 11.8 kN/m
ght = 0.45(0.55)(23.56) = 5.8 kN/m
mm
ght = 0.45(0.60)(23.56) = 6.4 kN/m
mm
ght = 0.45(0.55)(23.56) = 5.8 kN/m g ( )( )
BENNY BENNY
Distributed DL on 2
nd
to 7th floor interi
W-E distributed DL = 9.2 + 9.2 + 5.8 =
N S direction distributed DL = 9 2 + 8 N-S direction distributed DL = 9.2 + 8.
Distributed DL on 2
nd
to 7th floor interi
N-S direction distributed DL = 9.2 + 8.
Distributed DL on roof deck floor interio Distributed DL on roof deck floor interio
N-S direction distributed DL = 7.2 + 6.9
Distributed DL on 2
nd
to 7th floor interio
W-E distributed DL = 6 + 6 + 5.8 = 17.8
N-S direction distributed DL = 7.2 + 6.9
ior beams 6m x 6m panel
= 24.2 kN/m
9 + 6 4 = 24 5 kN/m 9 + 6.4 = 24.5 kN/m
= 21.2 kN/m
9 + 6.4 = 24.5 kN/m
or beams 6m x 6m panel or beams 6m x 6m panel
20.2 kN/m
9 + 6.4 = 20.5 kN/m
or beams 5m x 6m panel
8 kN/m
BENNY BENNY
9 + 6.4 = 20.5 kN/m
Distributed LL on 2
nd
to 7th floor interi
W-E distributed LL = 4.8 + 4.8 = 9.6 kN
N S direction distributed LL = 4 8 + 4 6 N-S direction distributed LL = 4.8 + 4.6
Distributed LL on 2
nd
to 7th floor interi
W-E distributed LL = 4 + 4 = 8 kN/m
N-S direction distributed LL = 4.8 + 4.6
Distributed LL on roof deck floor interio Distributed LL on roof deck floor interio
W-E distributed LL = 2 + 2 = 4 kN/m
N-S direction distributed LL = 2 + 1.9 =
Distributed LL on roof deck floor interio
W-E distributed LL = 1.7 + 1.7 = 3.4 kN
N-S direction distributed LL = 2 + 1.9 =
N/m
6= 9 4 kN/m 6= 9.4 kN/m
6 = 9.4 kN/m
or beams 6m x 6m panel or beams 6m x 6m panel
= 3.9 kN/m
or beams 5m x 6m panel
N/m
BENNY BENNY
= 3.9 kN/m
20 S t l t l d tt (Th t lb 20. Set up an element load pattern. (The toolb
and the Load Patterns task are act
load patterns are identified by name. To
Element load patterns are more complex Element load patterns are more complex.
Guide.
Specifying and assigning DL Load Patte
S l t Select
Element
Loads tab
b b tt f th M d li h bar buttons for the Modeling phase
ivated). Choose Element Loads tab. Element
start a new pattern press the New button.
For explanations see Chapter 7 of the User For explanations see Chapter 7 of the User
rn to beams
BENNY BENNY
Ba
Click to
change to
asic 3D View
BENNY BENNY
C
ch
Click to
hange 3D
View
BENNY BENNY
C
A
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
C t l t l d tt f d Create an element load pattern name for de
Select
New
button
d l d ead load.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d El Click the down arrow of drop-down Eleme
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t P i t b Select Perimeter beams.
BENNY BENNY
D fi b f i t b Define a new subgroup of perimeter beam
beam. All of the elements in any subgroup
Click
t th R f d k b l ti th i t ms at the Roof deck by selecting the perimeter
have the same element loads.
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Click
Select Add
Loads tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t l t l d Input element load.
Click to
C c to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
L d d Loaded
Elems tab
BENNY BENNY
D fi th b f i t Define another new subgroup of perimet
perimeter beam. All of the elements in any
Select Define a
new subgroup
t b t th R f d k b l ti th ter beams at the Roof deck by selecting the
subgroup have the same element loads.
BENNY BENNY
Click
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Select Add
Loads tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
Loaded Loaded
Elems tab
BENNY BENNY
D fi th b f i t Define another new subgroup of perimet
perimeter beam. All of the elements in any
Select Define a
new subgroup
t b t th R f d k b l ti th ter beams at the Roof deck by selecting the
subgroup have the same element loads.
BENNY BENNY
C
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Select Add
Loads tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t I t i b Select Interior beams.
BENNY BENNY
D fi b f i t i b Define a new subgroup of interior beam
beam. All of the elements in any subgroup
Click
t th R f d k b l ti th i t i ms at the Roof deck by selecting the interior
have the same element loads.
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Select Add
Loads tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
Loaded Loaded
Elems tab
BENNY BENNY
Select Define a
new subgroup
BENNY BENNY
D fi th b f i t i Define another new subgroup of interio
interior beam. All of the elements in any su
C
b t th R f d k b l ti th or beams at the Roof deck by selecting the
ubgroup have the same element loads.
lick
Click
BENNY BENNY
Select Add
Loads tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Select
Loaded Loaded
Elems tab
BENNY BENNY
Select Define a
new subgroup
BENNY BENNY
D fi th b f i t i Define another new subgroup of interio
interior beam. All of the elements in any su
Cli
b t th R f d k b l ti th or beams at the Roof deck by selecting the
ubgroup have the same element loads.
ick
BENNY BENNY
Select Add
Loads tab
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
C c to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Input the remaining elements dead load
floor, 3rd floor 4th floor, 5th floor, 6th fl
process;
choices,
2 choose an element group 2. choose an element group,
3. defined a new subgroup of beams a
the same element load,
4. press Add Loads tab,
5. input beam load,
6. test and accept the assigned beam lo
d on perimeter and interior beams of 2nd
oor, 7th floor one at a time by repeating the
wn Element Group list to display a set of
t the floor by selecting the beams that have
oad.
BENNY BENNY
I thi lid d i th t fi lid In this slide and in the next five slides are
beams dead load at 2nd to 7th floor.
h t ft i tti th i t screen shots after inputting the perimeter
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if i d i i LL L d P tt Specifying and assigning LL Load Patte
Input the elements live load on perim
floor, 4th floor, 5th floor, 6th floor, 7th,
h the process;
1. create an element load pattern nam
2 input pattern name 2. input pattern name,
choices,
4. choose an element group,
5. Defined a new subgroup of beams a
th l t l d the same element load,
6. press Add Loads tab,
7 input beam load
7. input beam load,
8. test and accept the assigned beam lo
t b ern to beams
meter and interior beams of 2nd floor, 3rd
, and Roof deck one at a time by repeating
me for live load,
wn Element Group list to display a set of
at the floor by selecting the beams that have
BENNY BENNY
oad.
I thi lid d i th t i lid In this slide and in the next nine slides are
beams and interior beams live load at 2nd f
h t ft i tti th i t screen shots after inputting the perimeter
floor to Roof deck.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
21 S t lf i ht l d tt f 21. Set up a self weight load pattern for c
Modeling phase and the Load Pa
Loads tab. Self weight load patterns are id
the New button Self weight load patte the New button. Self weight load patte
Chapter 7 of the User Guide.
Note:
The self weight of column per unit l
component properties.
l (Th t lb b tt f th columns. (The toolbar buttons for the
atterns task are activated). Choose Self weight
dentified by name. To start a new pattern press
erns are more complex For explanations see erns are more complex. For explanations see
length was specified in the Compound
BENNY BENNY
Select
Loaded
Elems tab
BENNY BENNY
C t lf i ht l d tt f Create a self weight load pattern name for
Select
New
button
i t l perimeter columns.
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Plot
L d
Loads
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Continue
BENNY BENNY
C t lf i ht l d tt f Create a self weight load pattern name for
Select
New
button
i t i l interior columns.
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t I t i l Select Interior columns.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Plot
L d
Loads
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Continue
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
N t Notes:
Horizontal drifts are useful measures o
pushover analysis, the pushover (capacity)
roof drift. At least two drifts must be defi
Drifts can also be used for other purposes
roof and for each of the stories. To define
h d h Modeling phase and the Drifts and d
identified by name. To define a new drift p
For explanations see Chapter 8 of the User
In PERFORM-3D a 'drift' is actually a dri
displacement of the upper node minus the
the V (Vertical) distance between the n ( )
displacement at the roof level is relative t
f deformation for lateral loads. In a static
) curve is usually a graph of base shear versus
ines, in the H1 and H2 directions at the roof.
s, including setting up drift limit states at the
e a drift press the toolbar buttons for the
k h b if deflections task. Choose Drifts tab. Drifts are
press the New button and enter the drift name.
r Guide.
ift ratio. The drift value is the H (Horizontal)
H displacement of the lower node, divided by
nodes. In this example problem the node H p p
to the ground.
BENNY BENNY
22 D fi h i t l d ift f i t f 22. Define horizontal drifts reference points fo
A
a
H1 di ti f h f th fl ( t i ) or H1 direction for each of the floors (stories).
Activate Drifts
and deflections
task task
BENNY BENNY
P th N b tt t t d ift Press the New button to create drift name.
Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
I t d ift if H1 d ift di ti Input drift name, specify H1 drift direction
lower node (any node at the ground level).
Select H1
d l t d ( f t ) d n, and select upper node (roof center) and
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Define horizontal drifts for H1 drift dir
floor, 6th floor, and at 7th floor one at a
1. create a name for H1 drift direction
2. input drift name and select the cen
node) and any node at the ground ( node), and any node at the ground (
3. test and accept the drift reference p
rection at 2nd floor, 3rd floor, 4th floor, 5th
a time by repeating the process;
n at floor (story) center,
nter of the floor (which represent the upper
(which represent the lower node) (which represent the lower node),
points and direction.
BENNY BENNY
and the drift reference points at the center o
h t ft d fi i H1 d ift di ti screen shots after defining H1 drift direction
of 7th floor down to 2
nd
floor.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
23 D fi h i t l d ift f i t 23. Define horizontal drifts reference points
(stories). Press the new button to create dr
Select
New
b tt button
f H2 d ift di ti f h f th fl for H2 drift direction for each of the floors
rift name.
BENNY BENNY
I t d ift if H2 d ift di ti Input drift name, specify H2 drift direction
lower node (any node at the ground level).
Select H2
d l t d ( f t ) d n, and select upper node (roof center) and
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Test
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Define horizontal drifts for H2 drift dir
floor, 6th floor, and at 7th floor one at a
1. create a name for H2 drift direction
2. input drift name and select the cen
node) and any node at the ground ( node), and any node at the ground (
3. test and accept the drift reference p
rection at 2nd floor, 3rd floor, 4th floor, 5th
a time by repeating the process;
n at floor (story) center,
nter of the floor (which represent the upper
(which represent the lower node) (which represent the lower node),
points and direction.
BENNY BENNY
and the drift reference points at the center o
h t ft d fi i H2 d ift di ti screen shots after defining H2 drift direction
of 7th floor down to 2nd floor.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
N t Note:
A structure section is a cut through all or
sections can be useful for checking the b
sections press the toolbar buttons for
Sections task. Choose Define Sections tab
start a new section press the New button
h f h id see Chapter 9 of the User Guide.
r part of a structure. The forces on structure
behavior of the structure. To define structure
r the Modeling phase and the Structure
b. Structure sections are identified by name. To
and input the section name. For explanations
BENNY BENNY
23 D fi t t ti t th b f i 23. Define structure section at the base of perim
Activate
Structure
sections task sections task
t l meter columns.
BENNY BENNY
St t t t ti Start a new structure section name.
Select
NNew
button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
C
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click
C
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
Click
BENNY BENNY
Click
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
N t Notes:
Limit states are used to simplify the dec
states of the following types.
* Deformation limit states, based on deform
* Strength limit states, based on strength ca
sections. sections.
* Drift limit states, based on drifts.
* Deflection limit states, based on deflectio
* Shear strength limit states for structure se g
To start a new limit state, press the toolba
the Limit states task , then choose the
Limit states are identified by name To star Limit states are identified by name. To star
the limit state name. For explanations see C
Only two limit states will be specified in th
cision making process. You can specify limit
mation capacities for inelastic components.
apacities for elastic components and strength
ons.
ections.
ar buttons for the Modeling phase and
e limit state Deformation from the Type list.
rt a limit state press the New button and input rt a limit state press the New button and input
Chapter 10 of the User Guide.
his presentation, the Deformation and Drift.
BENNY BENNY
The deformation type to be specified for p
beams, and interior beams are:
* rotation in Immediate Occupancy (IO) pe
* rotation in Life Safety (LS) performance
* rotation in Collapse Prevention (CP) perf rotation in Collapse Prevention (CP) perf
The drift limit to be specified is given
Earthquake Level (slide 259) which is 2%
perimeter columns, interior columns, perimeter
erformance level,
level,
formance level. formance level.
in the Seismic Design Criteria and Design
(0.02).
BENNY BENNY
24 S if li it t t t i lif th d i i 24. Specify limit states to simplify the decision
Perimeter Columns Deformation limit st
Activate Limi Activate Limi
states task
ki n making process.
tates
it it
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
C t f li it t t f d f Create a new name of limit state for deform
Select
New
button
ti mation.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d P f Click the down arrow of drop-down Perfor
L l li t t di l t f h i rmance Level list to display a set of choices.
NOTE
Click down
BENNY BENNY
arrow
S l t P f L l 1 (I di t O Select Performance Level 1 (Immediate O
L l) ccupancy Level).
BENNY BENNY
Click
Add
k to
d
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
ti mation.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
NOTE
Click down
BENNY BENNY
arrow
S l t P f L l 2 (Lif S f t L Select Performance Level 2 (Life Safety L
L l) Level).
BENNY BENNY
Click t
Add
to
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button
ti mation.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
NOTE
Click down
BENNY BENNY
arrow
S l t P f L l 3 (C ll P Select Performance Level 3 (Collapse Prev
ti L l) vention Level).
BENNY BENNY
Click t
Add
to
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t i C l D f ti li it t
Specify the deformation type limit st
rotation in CP one at a time by repeatin
Interior Columns Deformation limit sta
1. create a name of limit state for defo
choices choices,
3. select the performance level,
4. be careful when you specify the d 4. be careful when you specify the d
sure that you choice the correct el
type, and performance level,
5 dd d th li t f diti 5. add and save the list of conditions.
t
tates; rotation in IO, rotation in LS, and
ng the process;
ates
ormation,
wn Performance Level list to display a set of
deformation limit state conditions, to make deformation limit state conditions, to make
ement group, component type, deformation
BENNY BENNY
I thi lid d i th t t lid In this slide and in the next two slides are
limit states; rotation in IO, rotation in LS, a
h t ft if i d f ti t screen shots after specifying deformation type
and rotation in CP of interior columns .
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
P i t B D f ti li it t
Perimeter Beams Deformation limit sta
choices choices,
t
ng the process;
tes
ormation,
BENNY BENNY
and rotation in CP of perimeter beams .
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t i B D f ti li it t t
Interior Beams Deformation limit states
choices choices,
ng the process;
s
ormation,
BENNY BENNY
and rotation in CP of interior beams .
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Drift limit states H1 direction
Click the down arrow of drop-down Type l
Click down
arrow
ist to display a set of choices.
n
BENNY BENNY
S l t D ift Select Drift.
BENNY BENNY
C t f li it t t f d ift Create a new name of limit state for drift.
Select
New
button button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
I t D ift C diti Input Drift Conditions.
Select
Highlighted
drifts only
BENNY BENNY
Highlight
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Drift limit states H2 direction
Create a new name of limit state for drift.
S l t Select
New
button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
I t D ift C diti Input Drift Conditions.
Select Select
Highlighted
drifts only
BENNY BENNY
Highlight
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
The task in the analysis phase can be divid The task in the analysis phase can be divid
Assessment tasks, and Demand-Capacity ta
defining load cases and running structural ana
you to examine and check the behavior of the you to examine and check the behavior of the
allows you to calculate demand-capacity ra
performance of the structure.
ded into Structural Analysis tasks Behavior
Analysis Phase Analysis Phase
ded into Structural Analysis tasks, Behavior
asks. The Structural Analysis tasks are for
alyses. The Behavior Assessment tasks allows
e analysis model. The Demand-Capacity tasks e analysis model. The Demand Capacity tasks
atios, and hence make decisions about the
BENNY BENNY
Structural Analy
Note:
To start a new analysis, press the toolbar b
Setup load cases task . Load cases
Chapter 12, of the User Guide.
Press the toolbar to Run analyses tas Press the toolbar to Run analyses tas
certain other parameters before you run an
cases. For the steps in running analyses, se
ysis Tasks
buttons for the Analysis phase and the
are identified by name. For explanations see
sks An 'Analysis Series' allows you to specify sks. An Analysis Series allows you to specify
ny analyses to set up the structure and the load
e Chapter 20, of the User Guide.
BENNY BENNY
Activate
Analysis phase Analysis phase
BENNY BENNY
1. Define load case Gravity.
Activate Setup
load cases task
BENNY BENNY
Click the down arrow of drop-down Load C
Cli k d Click down
arrow
Case Type list to display a set of choices.
BENNY BENNY
S l t G it Select Gravity.
BENNY BENNY
C t f it l d Create a new name for gravity load case.
Select
New
button button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
S l t LOAD PATTERN TO BE ADDED Select LOAD PATTERN TO BE ADDED.
Select
Element
Element
BENNY BENNY
Click the down arrow of drop-down Pattern
Click down
arrow
n Name list to display a set of choices.
BENNY BENNY
S l t G it DL Select Gravity DL.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t S l F t f 1 Input Scale Factor of 1.
Click to
Add
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t G it LL Select Gravity LL.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t S l F t f 0 25 Input Scale Factor of 0.25.
Click to
Add
BENNY BENNY
S l t LOAD PATTERN TO BE ADDED Select LOAD PATTERN TO BE ADDED.
Select
Self
Weight
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t P i t l lf i ht Select Perimeter column self weight.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t S l F t f 1 Input Scale Factor of 1.
Click to
Add
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t I t i l lf i ht Select Interior column self weight.
BENNY BENNY
Using the scale factor
of 1, click to Add
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
There are six load cases of this type.
2. Define load case Static Push-Over.
* H1 push, uniform displacement
* H2 push, uniform displacement
* H1 push, linear displacement
* H2 push, linear displacement
* H1 push, nodal loads based on masses
* H2 push, nodal loads based on masses
BENNY BENNY
Cli k d Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t St ti P h O Select Static Push-Over.
BENNY BENNY
C t f t ti h l Create a new name for static push-over loa
Select
New
button button
d ad case.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
S l t L d T Select Load Type.
Select
Displacement
Pattern
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th C t l I f ti f N li Specify the Control Information for Nonlin
Click to
Save
A l i d th Di l t P tt near Analysis and the Displacement Pattern.
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button button
d ad case.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button button
d ad case.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button button
d ad case.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button button
d ad case.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
S l t L d T Select Load Type.
Select Nodal
Load Pattern
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th C t l I f ti f N l Specify the Control Information for Nonl
BE ADDED.
Click to
Add
li A l i d th LOAD PATTERN TO linear Analysis and the LOAD PATTERN TO
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Select
New
button button
d ad case.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th C t l I f ti f N l Specify the Control Information for Nonl
BE ADDED.
Click to
Add
li A l i d th LOAD PATTERN TO linear Analysis and the LOAD PATTERN TO
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
3. Define load case Dynamic Earthquake.
There are two load cases (one pair of El
the E-W component and N-S component)
* Adjusted El Centro, angle from H1 = 0 d
* dj d l l f * Adjusted El Centro, angle from H1 = 90
Centro ground motion horizontal components,
of this type.
degree
ddegrees
BENNY BENNY
Cli k d Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t D i E th k Select Dynamic Earthquake.
BENNY BENNY
Add th k l l Add earthquake accelelogram.
Click to Add
Earthquake
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Browse
BENNY BENNY
Double Click
BENNY BENNY
S ll D Scroll Down
BENNY BENNY
Double Click
BENNY BENNY
Double Click
BENNY BENNY
Click to Select
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th C t t Li t Ski D Specify the Contents, Lines to Skip, Dura
and how the Values Separated.
ti N b f A l ti V l P Li ation, Number of Acceleration Values Per Line
BENNY BENNY
C t f E th k G Create a new name for Earthquake Group.
Select
New New
button
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th Fil N d E th k N Specify the File Name and Earthquake Na
Click to Read
and Plot the
Earthquake
Earthquake
ame.
BENNY BENNY
Click to Add
to list
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Browse
BENNY BENNY
Click to Select
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th C t t Li t Ski D t Specify the Contents, Lines to Skip, Durat
how the Values Separated, File Name, and
Click to Read
and Plot the
E h k
Earthquake
ti N b f A l ti V l P Li tion, Number of Acceleration Values Per Line,
Earthquake Name.
BENNY BENNY
Click to Add
to list
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click
BENNY BENNY
C t f d i th k Create a new name for dynamic earthquake
Select
New
button button
l d e load case.
BENNY BENNY
E th k d Adj t d El C t Earthquake record: Adjusted El Centro
Click to
Accept
E W t l o E-W component accelerogram
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th C t l I f ti f D Specify the Control Information for Dyna
Q2 earthquake by clicking the down arrow
a set of choices.
i A l i S if th Q1 th k d amic Analysis. Specify the Q1earthquake and
w of drop-down Group list and Name to display
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Note:
The 0 degree angle
from H1 axis to
earthquake Q1 means
that the E-W record is
applied along the
structure H1 axis
positive direction and
the N-S record is
applied along the axis
of H2 positive
direction.
BENNY BENNY
E th k d Adj t d El C t Earthquake record: Adjusted El Centro
Create a new name for dynamic earthquake
Select
New
button button
N S t l N-S component accelerogram
e load case.
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S if th C t l I f ti f D Specify the Control Information for Dyna
Q2 earthquake by clicking the down arrow
a set of choices.
i A l i S if th Q1 th k d amic Analysis. Specify the Q1earthquake and
w of drop-down Group list and Name to display
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
Note:
The 90 degrees angle
from H1 axis to
earthquake Q1 means
that the E-W record is
applied along the
structure H2 axis
positive direction and
the N-S record is
applied along the axis
of H1 negative
direction.
BENNY BENNY
4 S t l d t b i l d d i th l 4. Setup load cases to be included in the analy
Activate Setup
Run analyses
task
t k yses tasks.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t th N f l i i d D Input the Name of analysis series and Des
Mass Pattern , Number of mode shapes, an
Select Modal
Damping tab
i ti f l i i th l f t f scription of analysis series, the scale factor of
nd select Yes to include P-delta effects.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
S l t S d i ti f ll d Select Same damping ratio for all modes an
Select Rayleigh
D i t b Damping tab
d i t th R ti 5 nd input the Ratio 5.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I t th P i d ti 0 05 d D i % Input the Period ratio 0.05 and Damping %
% 0 01 % 0.01.
Click to
Draw the
Graph
BENNY BENNY
Graph
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Add th G it L d C T d th L Add the Gravity Load Case Type and the L
L d C N DL + S lf i ht + 0 25LL Load Case Name DL + Self weight + 0.25LL.
Click to Add in
the Analysis List
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d L d C Click the down arrow of drop-down Load C
C T li t t di l t f h i Case Type list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t St ti P h O Select Static Push-Over.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d P Click the down arrow of drop-down Prece
choices.
di A l i N b li t t di l t f eding Analysis Number list to display a set of
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t 1 Select 1.
BENNY BENNY
Add th St ti P h O L d C T Add the Static Push-Over Load Case Type
displacement.
d th L d C N H1 h if e and the Load Case Name H1 push, uniform
Click to Add in
the Analysis List
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Add the remaining Load Case Name of
1. click the down arrow of drop-dow 1. click the down arrow of drop dow
choices,
2. Add the Static Push-Over Load Ca
Name Name.
Load Case Type Static Push-Over one at a
n Load Case Name list to display a set of n Load Case Name list to display a set of
ase Type and the corresponding Load Case
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft ddi th St ti P h O Screen shot after adding the Static Push-O
O L d C T Over Load Case Type .
BENNY BENNY
C T li t t di l t f h i Case Type list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t D i E th k Select Dynamic Earthquake.
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d P Click the down arrow of drop-down Prece
choices.
di A l i N b li t t di l t f eding Analysis Number list to display a set of
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t 1 Select 1.
BENNY BENNY
Add th D i E th k L d C Add the Dynamic Earthquake Load Case
Centro , angle from H1= 0 deg.
T d th L d C N Adj t d El Type and the Load Case Name Adjusted El
Click to Add in
the Analysis List
BENNY BENNY
C N li t t di l t f h i Case Name list to display a set of choices.
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t Adj t d El C t l f H1 Select Adjusted El Centro, angle from H1 =
90 d = 90 deg.
BENNY BENNY
Add th D i E th k L d C Add the Dynamic Earthquake Load Case
Centro , angle from H1= 90 deg.
T d th L d C N Adj t d El Type and the Load Case Name Adjusted El
Click to Add in
the Analysis List
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft ddi th D i E t Screen shot after adding the Dynamic Eart
th k L d C T thquake Load Case Type .
Click to Run the
analyses
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Continue
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
5 S t li it t t Li it t t 5. Set up limit state groups. Limit state grou
smaller, related groups.
Activate Limit
State Groups
ll t i th li it t t i t up allows you to organize the limit states into
BENNY BENNY
C t f li it t t Create a new name of limit state group.
Click New to
specify group
name
BENNY BENNY
Clic
ck to Accept
BENNY BENNY
Click to Add to
the list
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t I t i l t ti IO Select Interior column rotation IO.
BENNY BENNY
Click to Add
to the list
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Add the remaining All Immediate Occu
at a time by repeating the process;
2. Add the All Immediate Occupancy l
Perimeter beam rotation IO
Interior beam rotation IO
upancy limit states of Deformation type one
Name list to display a set of choices, Name list to display a set of choices,
limit state of the following:
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft ddi th All I di t Screen shot after adding the All Immediate
beams.
Click New
to specify
group name
O li it t t f l d e Occupancy limit state of columns and
BENNY BENNY
Create All Life Safety limit group and a
type one at a time by repeating the proce
2. Add the All Safety limit state of the
Perimeter column rotation LS
Interior column rotation LS
Perimeter beam rotation LS
Interior beam rotation LS
add the All Safety limit state of Deformation
ess;
following:
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft ddi th All Lif S f t Screen shot after adding the All Life Safety
Click New
to specify
group name group name
li it t t f l d b y limit state of columns and beams.
BENNY BENNY
Create All Collapse Prevention limit gr
limit state of Deformation type one at a t
2. Add the All Safety limit state of the
Perimeter column rotation CP
Interior column rotation CP
Perimeter beam rotation CP
Interior beam rotation CP
roup and add the All Collapse Prevention
following:
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
S h t ft ddi th All C ll P Screen shot after adding the All Collapse P
P ti li it t t f l d b Prevention limit state of columns and beams.
BENNY BENNY
Behavior Assessm
Note:
Under behavior assessment tasks the follow
1. Modal Analysis Results
2. Energy Balance
3. Deflected Shapes
4. Time Histories
ment Tasks
wing toolbars will be activated one at a time:
BENNY BENNY
1. Mode shapes. Press the toolbar buttons for
Activate Modal
Analysis Results
r the Modal Analysis Results task .
BENNY BENNY
Clic
Mod
ck to view
de Shape 1
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
2 E ti hi t P th t lb b tt 2. Energy time history. Press the toolbar butto
a load case in the Case list. Only the dynam
press Plot to show how much energy of di
an explanation see Chapter 23 of the User an explanation see Chapter 23 of the User
Activate Energy
Balance task
f th E B l t k Ch ons for the Energy Balance task . Choose
mic analyses are listed. In the Structure page,
fferent types is dissipated by the structure. For
Guide Guide.
BENNY BENNY
C
Ba
due
a
Click to view Energy
lance of entire structure ce o e e s uc u e
e to Adjusted El Centro,
angle from H1=0 deg
BENNY BENNY
Kinetic + strai
Click to Close
Mo
ene
Dissipa
Every time the
system loads back to
in energy
a yielded state, the
dissipated inelastic
energy (hysteretic
energy) increases.
The vertical blue
lines indicate a new
yield event has
occurred.
odal damping
ergy
ated inelastic energy
BENNY BENNY
Select Element Groups to
view dissipated energy
contributed by the chosen
group of elements group of elements
BENNY BENNY
Cli
of
A
ick to view Energy Balance
f Perimeter columns due to
Adjusted El Centro, angle j , g
from H1=0 deg
BENNY BENNY
Click to Close
The graph shows
the proportion of the proportion of
the total inelastic
dissipated energy
that is contributed
by the chosen by the chosen
group of elements
named Perimeter
columns.
BENNY BENNY
3 D fl t d h P th t lb b tt 3. Deflected shapes. Press the toolbar button
Case list choose H1 push, uniform displa
Def
f th D fl t d Sh t k I th ns for the Deflected Shapes task . In the
acement.
Activate
flected Shapes
task
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d C Click the down arrow of drop-down Case
Click down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t H1 h if di l t Select H1 push, uniform displacement.
BENNY BENNY
Cli
ick to move yellow
line to this point
BENNY BENNY
line to this point
d
Click to view
deflected shape
BENNY BENNY
p
Cli
BENNY BENNY
ick to Close
Ch th Li it St t th G Choose the Limit States page the Group o
the All Life Safety group. In the Color G
option. Then press Plot.
Select Limit
States tab
ti f Li it St t t b id d d option for Limit States to be considered, and
Group for Usage ratios frame, choose the 2
BENNY BENNY
Select Limit
States tab
BENNY BENNY
Cli k th d f d d Li it Click the down arrow of drop-down Limit
C
St t G li t t di l t f h i State Groups list to display a set of choices.
lick down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t All Lif S f t li it t t Select All Life Safety limit state.
BENNY BENNY
Select 2, the
Color Group Color Group
for Usage
Ratios
BENNY BENNY
C
de
Click to view All Life Safety
eflected shape with 0.01534
BENNY BENNY
Reference Drift
Cli k til Click until
causes t
bottom sto
exceeds
The deflected shape
causes usage ratios
of columns and
beams exceeds the
l th d fl t d h
limit value 1 when
the reference drift
ratio is 0.01534.
l the deflected shape
the usage ratios of
ory columns slightly
s the limit value1
BENNY BENNY
Click until Click until
usage rati
the
The deflected shape
h causes the usage
ratios of bottom
story columns
slightly exceeds the
li i l 1 h limit value 1 when
the reference drift
ratio is 0.009041.
l the deflected shape l the deflected shape
os does not exceeds
limit value 11
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Close
Close
The deflected shape
i did usage ratios did not
exceeds the limit value 1
when the reference drift
ratio is 0.008409.
Therefore the estimated
target drift ratio will be
between 0.008409 and
0.009041 say 0.008725. 0.009041 say 0.008725.
BENNY BENNY
C
lick down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t All C ll P ti li it t t Select All Collapse Prevention limit state.
BENNY BENNY
Click to view All Collapse
Prevention deflected shape
BENNY BENNY
Click until the deflected shape
usage ratios is about to exceed
the limit value 11
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click un
usage r
th
The deflected shape
i did usage ratios did not
exceeds the limit value 1
when the reference drift
ratio is 0.01395.
til th d fl t d h ntil the deflected shape
ratios slightly exceeds
he limit value 11
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Close
Close
Th d fl t d h The deflected shape
causes the usage
ratios of second
story beams
d th li it exceeds the limit
value 1 when the
reference drift ratio
is 0.01472.
Therefore the
reference drift ratio
of 0.014335
represents the p
reliable drift ratio of
a building as it
reaches its limit of
structural stability.
BENNY BENNY
y
4 Ti hi t i P th t lb b tt f 4. Time histories. Press the toolbar button for
correct ground motion has been applied, c
earthquake load case from the Case list. S
the structure Choose Absolute acceleratio the structure. Choose Absolute acceleratio
the direction.
Activate Time
Histories task
th Ti Hi t i t k T h k th t r the Time Histories task . To check that
choose the Node page, and choose a dynamic
Select one of the supported node at the base of
on for the Result type and H1 translation for on for the Result type and H1 translation for
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t Adj t d El C t l f H1 Select Adjusted El Centro, angle from H1=
0 d =0 deg.
BENNY BENNY
Select
Absolute
Acceleration Acceleration
n
Click
n
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Cl
Close
BENNY BENNY
Click to Clear
selected node
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
Demand-Capacity T
Note:
Under demand-capacity tasks the following
1. General Push-over Plot
2. Target Displacement Push-o
3. Usage Ratio Graphs
Tasks (Pushover Analysis)
g toolbars will be activated one at a time:
over Plot
BENNY BENNY
1. Capacity General Push-over Plot : All Life
Activate General
Push-over Plot
task s
e Safety limit state.
BENNY BENNY
Cli
ick down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t All Lif S f t Select All Life Safety.
BENNY BENNY
Click to view
push-over curve
BENNY BENNY
Click
There are four short
li h lines on the
pushover curve.
Click on the first of
these lines to show
h di the corresponding
limit state.
BENNY BENNY
The first line
h bl Th changes to blue. The
line marks the limit
point where the
usage ratio for this
li i ( i limit state (perimeter
column rotation LS)
reaches 1.0. This is
the most critical
li it t t i it limit state, since its
limit point is
reached first.
Click Click
BENNY BENNY
Cl
The second line
point where the
li i (i i limit state (interior
column rotation LS)
reaches 1.0.
lick
BENNY BENNY
The third line
point where the
beam rotation LS)
reaches 1.0.
Click
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click to
Close
The fourth line
point where the
beam rotation LS)
reaches 1.0.
The limit points for e po s o
the other limit states
in the group of LS
are beyond the limit
of the pushover p
curve (i.e, they are
less critical)
BENNY BENNY
2. Capacity General Push-over Plot : All Co
Click
arro
ollapse Prevention limit state.
down
BENNY BENNY
ow
S l t All C ll P ti Select All Collapse Prevention.
BENNY BENNY
Click to view
push-over curve
BENNY BENNY
There are four short
li h lines on the
pushover curve.
Click on the first of
these lines to show
h di the corresponding
limit state.
Click
BENNY BENNY
The first line
point where the
beam rotation CP)
reaches 1.0. This is
the most critical
li it t t i it limit state, since its
limit point is
reached first. Click
BENNY BENNY
The second line
point where the
beam rotation CP)
reaches 1.0.
Click
BENNY BENNY
The third line
point where the
column rotation CP)
reaches 1.0.
Click
BENNY BENNY
Cli k Click to
Close
The fourth line
point where the
column rotation CP)
reaches 1.0.
The limit points for e po s o
the other limit states
in the group of CP
are beyond the limit
of the pushover p
curve (i.e, they are
less critical)
BENNY BENNY
3 P S t t d fi th d i 3. Press Spectra page, to define the design re
Sele
Spec
t esponse spectrum.
ect
ctra
BENNY BENNY
Click New
BENNY BENNY
Click to
Accept
BENNY BENNY
Type in 1
Type in
0.672
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to Click to
Save
BENNY BENNY
4 T t d ift h l t P th t lb 4. Target drift push-over plot. Press the toolb
over Plots task .
b b tt f th T t Di l t P h bar button for the Target Displacement Push-
Acti ate Target Activate Target
Displacement
Push-over Plot
task
BENNY BENNY
Typ
Ty Ty
Click
Click
Click
Type in 0.672
pe in 1
Type in 1 Type in 1
Type in 1
BENNY BENNY
Click Check
BENNY BENNY
Click to Accept
BENNY BENNY
p
Click
k
BENNY BENNY
C
lick down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t All Lif S f t Select All Life Safety.
BENNY BENNY
BENNY BENNY
I th St 3 k th d f lt h In the Step 3 page, keep the default ch
reference drift without exceeding the limit sta
the limit state is 0.009041. Use 0.008725
target drift For explanation how to plot th target drift. For explanation how to plot th
pushover curve see page 3-30, Chapter 3 o
h i I h d fl d b h i f h hoices. In the deflected behavior of structure the
ate is 0.008409 and reference drift exceeding
5 as the estimated target drift to calculate the
he target drift (drift ratio or drift index) on the he target drift (drift ratio or drift index) on the
of the Getting Started.
BENNY BENNY
Click to Calculate
BENNY BENNY
Click Clear
The target drift ratio
of 0.006209 is to the
left of the first limit
point. This means that
at target drift, the
usage ratios are
smaller than 1 for all
limit states in the
chosen group. Hence,
the performance is
satisfactory in the load y
case H1 push,
uniform
displacement.
BENNY BENNY
5 U ti h Ulti t l f 5. Usage ratio graphs. Ultimately, performanc
ratios. Limit states were specified in the L
up limit state groups task. Press the too
task For an explanation see Chapter 30 of task. For an explanation see Chapter 30 of
Activate General
Push-over Plot
task s
t d d th li it t t ce assessment depends on the limit state usage
Limit States task, and limit groups in the Set
olbar button for the Usage ratio graphs
f the User Guide f the User Guide.
BENNY BENNY
Click Click
BENNY BENNY
R ll th t th l l t d t t d ift ti Recall that the calculated target drift rati
case is 0.006209. In the Specify max. refe
f H1 h if di l t l d o for H1 push, uniform displacement load
rence drift box, enter 0.006209. Press Plot.
Type in yp
0.006209
BENNY BENNY
C
Click Plot
BENNY BENNY
Clear Plot
The short red lines shows
the usage ratios for the
limit states at the target g
drift ratio of group of
elements.
The usage ratio graph for
li it t t h l a limit state shows only
the maximum D/C ratio
for the elements and
components covered by
th li it t t T th the limit state. To see the
D/C ratios for individual
elements, use the
Deflected shapes task.
Si th ti f Since the usage ratios for
group of elements are all
smaller than 1.0, the
performance
i t
BENNY BENNY
requirements are
satisfied.
BENNY BENNY
Performance assessment in dynamic analysis
Demand-Capacity T
Performance assessment in dynamic analysis
Limit states were specified in the Limit Stat
state groups task.
only depends on the limit state usage ratios
Tasks (Dynamic Analysis)
only depends on the limit state usage ratios.
tes task, and limit groups in the Set up limit
BENNY BENNY
Click down
arrow
BENNY BENNY
S l t Adj t d El C t l f H1 Select Adjusted El Centro, angle from H1=
0 d =0 deg.
BENNY BENNY
Cli
ick Plot
BENNY BENNY
The short red lines show
the usage ratios for the
limit states of the group
of elements.
The usage ratio graph for
a limit state shows only a limit state shows only
the maximum D/C ratio
for the elements and
components covered by
the limit state. To see the the limit state. To see the
D/C ratios for individual
elements, use the
Deflected shapes task.
Since the usage ratios for Since the usage ratios for
group of elements are all
smaller than 1.0, the
performance
requirements are
BENNY BENNY
requirements are
satisfied.
Eva Eva
Displacement Response
Load Case: H1 push, uniform displac
Displacement Response
Looking at the Target Displacement Push
the target drift ratio /V that will not e
0.006209. It means that /V = 0.00620
reaches the Life Safety performance lev
capacity of a building as it reaches Life S
is equal to 0.135 meter relative to the gro
Looking at the Deflected Shapes cons
reference drift ratio /V that will not ex
0.01395. It means that /V = 0.01395
reaches its limit of structural stability
capacity of a building as it reaches its li
(21.75) = 0.3034 meter relative to the gro
aluation of Performance aluation of Performance
ement
hover Plot considering Life Safety limit state,
exceed Demand/Capacity ratio (usage ratio) is
09 is the reliable drift ratio of a building as it
vel. Correspondingly the reliable displacement
Safety level will be = 0.006209 (21.75) which
ound.
sidering Collapse Prevention limit state, the
xceed Demand/Capacity ratio (usage ratio) is p y ( g )
5 is the reliable drift ratio of a building as it
y. Correspondingly the reliable displacement
imit of structural stability will be = 0.01395
BENNY BENNY
ound.
Capacity
Looking at General Pushover Plot of Capa
f Lif S f d C ll P i for Life Safety and Collapse Prevention
rotation'. In the Deflected shapes, the usa
columns when the drift ratio is greater t
relative to the ground is greater than 0 303 relative to the ground is greater than 0.303
Design Implication
Structural Damage Objective Typica
associated with some inelastic behavior. F
highest inelastic displacement of 0.30
d t i l ti d f ti produce permanent inelastic deformation
the structure can experience instability and
Collapse Prevention Objective The high
to the ground is 0.3034 meter giving a dr
this is less than idealized inelastic drift in
acity curve, it shows that the critical limit state
i i h li i f 'P i l n is in the limit state of 'Perimeter column
age ratio exceeded the limit in the first story
than 0.01395 or the roof lateral displacement
34 meter 34 meter.
ally the threshold of structural damage is
From a displacement perspective, the building
034 meter relative to the ground is about to
If l t ll d f d b d 0 3034 t n. If laterally deformed beyond 0.3034 meter,
d collapse.
hest inelastic building displacement relative
BENNY BENNY
ift ratio of /V = 0.3034/21.75 = 0.01395 and
dex of 0.02.
C l i Conclusion
There is a possibility that the column in th
i d 0 01395 h l l di l ratio exceeds 0.01395 or the lateral displac
meter.
Since the computed drift ratio (/V) = 0
index of 0.02 and the inelastic response o
shows life safety capacity, the design of th
Prevention performance objectives.
The overall result of the pushover anal
indicated that the capacity and ductility o
sustain the severe earthquake excitation, q ,
frame remain elastic and thus maintain the
Analysis results for othe
demonstrated by runnin
he first story will be damaged when the drift
l i h d d 0 3034 cement relative to the ground exceeds 0.3034
0.01395) is less than idealized inelastic drift
of the building in the earthquake design level
he building is within Life Safety and Collapse
lysis in load case, H1 push uniform load,
f the seven story RC building is adequate to
and some members of the moment resistingg
stability of the building structure.
er load case will be
BENNY BENNY
ng PERFORM-3D
Th li bili f i The great liability of an engineer com
that his works are out in the open whe
step, are in hard substance. He cannot
the doctors. He cannot argue them into
lawyer. He cannot, like the architects,
vines. He cannot, like the politicians, vines. He cannot, like the politicians,
his opponents and hope the people wil
deny he did it If his works do not wor deny he did it. If his works do not wor
Adapted From Herbert Hoover De
d f h f i i
Closing Message Closing Message
mpared to men of other profession is
ere all can see them. His acts, step by
t bury his mistakes in the grave like
o thin air or blame the judge like the
cover his failures with trees and
screen his shortcomings by blaming screen his shortcomings by blaming
ll forget. The engineer simply cannot
rk he is damned rk, he is damned.
escription of Engineering Profession
BENNY BENNY

Seismic Performance Assesment of Moment Resisting RC Frame Building by Benny

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Seismic Performance Assesment of Moment Resisting RC Frame Building by Benny

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Seismic Performance Seismic Performance Seismic Performance Seismic Performance

Moment Resisting Moment Resisting Moment Resisting Moment Resisting

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF RC MRF BUILDING

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF RC MRF BUILDING

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen