14 August 2014 Prof. Jann Hidajat Tjakraatmadja Didin Kristinawati, ST. MSc Dedy Sushandoyo, PhD Nur Arief Putranto, ST. MHRMHons Introduction Learning nvironment Learning Strategies Reading Strategies Tips for Reading Tips in reading textbook, journal articles, and case studies
Learning Environment 1. Finding a good place to study Quite Free of interruptions Prepared with supplies/organized 2. Knowing your learning styles Auditory Visual Kinesthetic
Learning Strategies Learning Strategy for Visual Type Use picture, map, graph, diagram Visualize the material inside your mind Give colours and picture inside your note Understand material through picture Learning Strategy for Auditori Type Listen carefully the explanation from lecturer Explain verbally the lesson to your friend You can use music or songs to help you remembering Tape your lesson Learn by imitating and practices Use as many as possible your body part After class or study, try to write the important points of the lesson Learning Strategy for Kinesthetic Type Reading Strategies Reading Strategies Previewing the text to get overview Previewing a text means that you get an idea of what it is about without actually reading the main body of the text. Function to help you decide whether a book or journal is useful for your purpose; to get a general sense of the article structure, to help you locate relevant information; to help you to identify the sections of the text you may need to read
Reading Strategies How to do previewing Start by reading: the title and author details the abstract (if there is one) then read only the parts that jump out; that is: main headings and sub headings, chapter summaries, any highlighted text the first sentence in each paragraph
Reading Strategies Skimming Skimming involves running your eye very quickly over large chunks of text. It is different from previewing because skimming involves the paragraph text. Skimming allows you to pick up some of the main ideas without paying attention to detail. Function to quickly locate relevant sections from a large quantity of written material. Especially useful when there are few headings or graphic elements to gain an overview of a text. Skimming adds further information to an overview
Reading Strategies How to skim note any bold print and graphics. start at the beginning of the reading and glide your eyes over the text very quickly. do not actually read the text in total. You may read a few words of every paragraph, perhaps the first and last sentences.
Reading Strategies Scanning Scanning is sweeping your eyes (like radar) over part of a text to find specific pieces of information. Function to quickly locate specific information from a large quantity of written material
Reading Strategies How to scan start scanning the text by allowing your eyes (or finger) to move quickly over a page. as soon as your eye catches an important word or phrase, stop reading. when you locate information requiring attention, you then slow down to read the relevant section more thoroughly.
Reading Strategies Intensive Reading Intensive reading is detailed, focused, study reading of those important parts, pages or chapters Function When you have previewed an article and used the techniques of skimming and scanning to find what you need to concentrate on, then you can slow down and do some intensive reading.
Reading Strategies How to do intensive reading start at the beginning. Underline any unfamiliar words or phrases, but do not stop the flow of your reading. if the text is relatively easy, underline, highlight or make brief notes. if the text is difficult, read it through at least once before making notes. be alert to the main ideas. Each paragraph should have a main idea. when you have finished go back to the unfamiliar vocabulary. Look it up in an ordinary or subject- specific dictionary.
Tips for Reading Tips for Reading Reading with Purpose Always read with a purpose in mind. Before you begin, you should have an idea of why you are reading and what you are looking for/ what you want to achieve. Are you reading: to locate specific information? to understand difficult ideas? to gain an overview of something? to enjoy words and descriptions (as in poetry and some prose)? to relax and escape into a novel?
Tips for Reading Be Selective about what you read Establish which readings are required for your particular course and which are suggested (not compulsory). There will be times when you need to read an entire article or chapter in detail. At other times you may be looking for specific information relating to an assignment topic and only a couple of pages or even a couple of paragraphs in a text will be useful.
Tips for Reading How to select your reading Know what you are looking for (i.e. have a purpose) Identify key words to help you search Look for these key words when browsing the table of contents and index of a book for relevant pages Obtain an overview to further narrow down the possibly useful field
Tips for Reading SQ3R Method Survey a quick scan of the chapter Question creating questions from the survey Read read the chapter Recite talk about what you are reading Review keep coming back to the material Tips for Reading Focus on the question/task Ask yourself what it is you must find out. Identify questions you want to answer; actively look for those answers and evidence to inform them. Identify a few topic key words to look for If you are reading for a specific assignment, read with a copy of the question/ task on hand so you dont waste time reading irrelevant material. Tips for Reading Before you read, establish what you already know Ask yourself what you already know or think about this topic If you have a reading list, select a source that might offer a good starting point. Read any related questions to the reading before doing the reading. Identify your expectations - what do you think it will be about? Ask yourself questions about the topic. ask yourself what you want to find out.
Tips for Reading Break reading into manageable segments Identify your purpose and the time you have available Set yourself a goal (for example, decide to read for a set length of time or a certain number of pages). Reward yourself with a break when youve completed it. The tasks and goals may be large or small, depending on what needs to be achieved.
Tips for Reading Keep track what you read Always note where information and ideas come from. Record details of author, title, place of publication, publisher and date so that you can find the text again if necessary. Always record page numbers with any notes you take. Tips in reading textbook, journal articles, and case studies Tips in reading Textbook A lot of information can be gathered by scanning the overall book before you begin to read in depth. Some of the things to take note of are the book's title, table of contents, chapter headings, section headings, and index. Tips in reading Textbook Title The title of the book itself is the first item that can tell you about the book. Table of contents The table of contents has the function of helping you to locate information. Chapter headings Chapter headings tell us that the book will first detail the concepts Section headings Section headings presents subtopics that detail further the chapter headings Index Index help you to find specific word in textbook
Tips in reading Journal Articles Journal articles usually have a quite rigid structure that is determined by the particular journal in which they appear and by the type of research being reported; this makes extracting information from them sometimes easier. The journal articles mostly follow the format of abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion. Tips in reading Journal Articles Abstract Provides a complete overview of what the research is about, what it did, how it did it, what it found and what those results mean. Introductions Provides a brief review of previous research, a rationale or reason for the research and an outline of exactly what it is that the research is aiming to do. Methods Describe the methods used in the research.
Tips in reading Journal Articles Results Describe the results found Discussion provide an interpretation of what the results actually mean in terms of the field and the original research question or hypothesis Conclusion Provides a forum for a holistic discussion of the meaning and implications of the research. It also details the implications of the research and make recommendations about further research or policy and practice in the relevant area.
Tips in reading Case studies Case studies are used in many professional education programs, primarily in business school, to present real- world situations to students and to assess their ability to parse out the important aspects of a given dilemma. In general, a case study should include, in order: background on the business environment, description of the given business, identification of a key problem or issue, steps taken to address the issue, your assessment of that response, and suggestions for better business strategy. Tips in reading Case studies Background on the business environment Describe the nature of the organization under consideration and its competitors. Provide general information about the market and customer base. Description of the given business Analyze its management structure, employee base, and financial history. Describe annual revenues and profit. Provide figures on employment. Provide a brief overview of the business's leaders and command chain. Identification of a key problem or issue Decide which is the main concern of the case study by examining what most of the data talks about, the main problems facing the business, and the conclusions at the end of the study.
Tips in reading Case studies Steps taken to address the issue Draw on the information you gathered and trace a chronological progression of steps taken (or not taken). Assessment of that response Indicate whether or not each aspect of the response met its goal and whether the response overall was well-crafted. Suggestions for better business strategy Suggest alternative or improved measures that could have been taken by the business, using specific examples and backing up your suggestions with data and calculations.