RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR

DISSERTATION

MS. J.VIJAYAKALA
FIRST YEAR M.Sc (NURSING)

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

YEAR 2008-2010.

THE KARNATAKA COLLEGE OF NURSING

NO. 12, KOGILU MAIN ROAD,
YELAHANKA, BANGALORE - 560064

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF
SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
VIJAYAKALA. J
Ist YEAR M.Sc., NURSING STUDENT,
1.

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE

THE KARNATAKA COLLEGE OF

AND ADDRESS

NURSING , NO.12, KOGILU MAIN

ROAD, YELAHANKA,BANGALORE,
KARNATAKA
THE KARNATAKA COLLEGE OF

2.

NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

NURSING ,NO.12, KOGILU MAIN

ROAD, YELAHANKA,BANGALORE,
KARNATAKA
FIRST YEAR M.SC

3.

COURSES OF STUDY

NURSING(MEDICAL SURGICAL
NSG)

4.

DATE OF ADMISSION

01-07-2008
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF A
STRUCTURED TEACHING

5.

TITLE OF THE STUDY

PROGRAMME ON BREAST SELF

EXAMINATION AMONG WOMEN
ADMITTED IN FEMALE MEDICAL
WARD HINDUJA SINDHI HOSPITAL BANGALORE

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:6.1. INTRODUCTION

Every year we celebrate the womens International Day, inspiring the women of
today to stride a head in life. While women have made progress in most off the field but
still her tends to in inexplicably neglect her own health.
BLACK(1997) defines breast cancer as a group of malignant disease that
commonly occurs in the female breast and infrequently in the male breast.
The cause of breast cancer is unknown. The risk factors are obesity, null parity,
high intake of fatty diet, and hormonal drugs, genetics, early menarche below the age of
11 years and late menopause. The mean age of occurrence of cancer in India women in
42 years as cared to 53 years in white women and it is leading cause of death among
middle aged when (Drakshyani devi, 1994).
World wide, 1.05 million new cases have been reported in the year 2001. (ICMR
Bulletin 2003). The incidence rate of breast cancer for Urban Indian Women is 18 to
25/1,00,000 where as for India Rural Women it is 8.6 per lakh. Due to lack of awareness
and poverty, even after knowledge of the presence of breast lump, the patient comes very
late for treatment (Dr.B.C Bakance, 2002). In India 80,000 new cases are detected every
year (K.K. Singh, 2003).
The primary health care which is a key to achieve the goal of health for all 2000
A.D included indigenous system of medicine as an important element. The national
health plan have consistently emphasized on the importance of maternal and child health.
There is a need for developing new or improved method through systematic
investigations of traditional system of medicine I order to optimize the use of available
resources.

More over Indian is developing county, 60% are women are considering to the
low and middle class family. Now a days cost of care is high. So Prevention is better
than cure. One ounce prevention is better than tones of cure.
At present simple, inexpensive, and early implant for the detection of breast
cancer is breast self examination. It is one of simplest and important health programmers
to promote early detection. Regular breast self examination can identify any abnormal
changes in breast to establish good prognosis.
6.2. NEED FOR THE STUDY
Breast cancer is the second commonest cancer in women in India, next to cancer
of cervix early diagnosis affords a better chance of survival and better prognosis several
methods are available for early diagnosis. Which give good results in early cancer stages?
This makes breast cancer a major problem requiring intensive health awareness
campaign and screening and detection prognosis. The most cost effective and long lasting
programme would be to teach women themselves and to motivate them to participate in
detection
In 2003, current guidelines accepted by the American College of Radiology,
American cancer society, National Cancer institute regarding breast surveillance practices
includes the following:

Monthly breast self examination from the age of 20 years.

Physical examination of the breast by a trained health professional clinical breast

examination every 3 years between age 20 and 40 and every year these after.

Screening mammography for symptomatic women between the ages of 40 and 49

every year and mammography once or twice annually for women 50 years of age
and older.
So that health Institutions are publishing and announcing a but breast cancer,

causes, risk factors, early diagnosis, prevention and procedure of breast self examination,

due to some reasons like lack of confidence, lack of time, inability to examine, alleged
complexity of the procedure forgetfulness fear of the possible discovery of a lump and
embarrassment, associated with manipulation of breast. The women should be told what
to look for while performing a breast self examination such as lump, nipple discharges
nipple retraction, redness, pain or tenderness dimpling of the skin or oedema. Finally the
women should be reminded that most breast problems are not related to malignancy and
they should be advises to reduce anxiety. As stated All guilty is not gold, and all the
breast problems are not related to breast cancer
In the year 2000, the largest every gathering of heads of state in the United
Nations in New York, USA adopted the UN millennium Declaration two of 8 millennium
developmental goals are related to improving maternal health respectively, pointing to the
importance of these health factor in global development and poverty reduction.
The WHO, the International confederation of midwives and the FIGO are pleased
to see the inclusion in the MDGs of the target to reduce by 3/4 th between 1990 and 2015,
the maternal mortality ration. This inclusion is the result of many years of advocacy for
the need to recognize the link between maternal health and development.
Dr. NIMMAGAD says, is that dreaded through the cancer may be, it is important
for patients to understand that various treatment options are available. In fact, scores of
women have overcome breast cancer to lead successful lives. Doctor recommended that
regular self breast examination after the age of 30 in necessary.
SHARON Mc DONALD evidence suggests that, for some women, DBE can be
an important complement to mammography in the earlier detection of breast cancer.
Mamma care method explained in greater proficiency in carrying out BSE, as
measure by execution of BSE components, and in higher sensitivity, as measured by
lump detection. It will helpful to avoid biopsies, medical visits, and it will assist to reduce
the stress for mothers.

SASLOW, 2005 suggest the performing breast self examination correctly is

important womens who want to perform self examinations should ask their health care
provider to demonstrate how to do it and how to tell the difference between normal tissue
and suspicious lumps.
Now a day, womens education is more emphasized and people are more aware
about the health problems and health facilities. It is necessary, to develop a feeling of self
confidence and self satisfaction in the individual in the handling of minor health
problems and how to do breast self examination.
Women are key group to target with health information and training programme
for the following reasons:

Firstly they themselves are risk and in need of information

Secondly. They are the source of information. So that assessment of breast cancer
becomes a part of health announcement in reproductive health lessons.
The investigator took this study to draw some implications. The findings of the

study will be useful for future students in dealing and understanding the importance of
breast self examination.
No study has been done so for on the impact of an admission of mothers in the
female medical ward, area hospital, Madanapalle. In this context in order to improve
holistic care it is essential to gain insights into factor influencing to do BSE.
Therefore the investigator feels that nurses have an educational role concerning
breast lesions. By allowing clients to take about breast cancer, correcting these
misconceptions and supplying accurate fact, nurses can reduce associated fear, anxiety
and create awareness. Women may then seek earlier assessment diagnosis and effective
treatment.

6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:A study to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching progrmme on
breast self examination among women admitted in female medical word, Hinduja Sindhi
Hospital - Bangalore
6.4 OBJECTIVES

To assess the knowledge of Breast self examination among women.

To educate women regarding Breast self examination.

To evaluate women after giving planned health teaching regarding Breast self
examination.

To find out the relation between selected variables and pre-test and post-test
knowledge.

6.5. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

EVALUATE.
Expected outcome of planned health teaching Breast self examination among
women.
STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME
Referred to systematically planned teaching strategy designed to provide
information regarding Brest Self Examination.
BREST SELF EXAMINATION
A technique that all women can use to assess their own breast.
SELECTED VARIABLES OF THE WOMEN
Name, age, religion, place, educational status, address, marital status.

6.6 ASSUMPTIONS

It is assumed that the women will have knowledge on Breast Self Examination.

It is assumed that planned health teaching will improve the knowledge of

womens regarding Brest self examination.

It is assumed that women selected for study will co-opearate and respond
appropriately before and after structured teaching programme regarding Breast
self examination.

It is assumed that the tool prepared by the investigator will gather reliable and
valid data for the study.

6.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:

H1= The mean post test knowledge score of mothers on breast self examination
will be significantly higher than the mean pre test knowledge scores as evident.
6.8 REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
The review of literature of the present study is organized under the following
headings.
According to Indian National Cancer Registry report of 1987, it was estimated
that one in nine Indian women will get breast cancer as comported to one in three women
in U.S.A
M.K. TISH KNOFB, RN,MSN, 2004 is a clinical oncologist, in his study he
stated that the incidence of breast cancer in men is about one percent of that in women
and accounts for 0.2% of male cancers. It is usually diagnosed at a more advanced stage
but the pathology, pattern of metastasis and prognosis are similar to women.
The National Cancer Institute and American cancer society recommended annual
mammograms for asymptomatic women over 50 years or over 40 if here is family history
of breast cancer or if the woman has ha breast cancer before.

MAN OF SHARMA, 2004 in his study stated about cancer detection in that, a
through breast examination is always done with the patient in the erect and supine
position and with full relaxation of the patients shoulder and pectoral muscles.
SUSAN ALBRECHT, RUTH ANN MILLER, 2005 in their pilot study of 138
women with mastectomies that explored the consistent finding of more left breast cancer
in American women.
DILIP ROY, 2005, in his study state that malignancies of breast in highest in
women in U.K and U.S.A and other western countries where as in India carcinoma of
female genital tract has highest incidence.
LUCKMANN & SORENSON, 2005, in his study explained that, breast cancer is
the leading cause of death in women between ages 39 to 44, it is also the leading cause of
cancer deaths in women between ages 35 to 74.
R.K.BHADURI, 2006 written new soviet theory about origin of cancer, in that he
stated that the disease develops under the influence of various physical and chemical
agents known as carcinogens.
PARAMESH KUMARKAR, M.D., d.g.o., Ph.D., 2006 in his study stated that,
the incidence of breast cancer is increasing world over. There is 2-3 fold increase in the
risk of breast cancer amongst the first degree relatives of the patient with the cancer in the
breast.
Breast cancer frequently metastasizes in the auxiliary nodes; metastasis
involvement of the mammary nodes info great importance as a prognostic factor. Many
breast cancer patients who remain disease free after initial treatment, eventually relapse
have recurrence of the disease and die of metastases;

J.E.DUFFY & R.CLYNN OWENS, 2004 the present findings indicate that
attempts to encourage self examination of breast are only moderately successful and even
its use is not necessarily strongly indicative of promptness of presentation. More over, it
is clear that not only are many women ignorant regarding the facts of breast cancer and
its treatment. In addition the findings suggest that wider knowledge of the availably of
breast conversation treatment could not only improve promptness and decrease anxiety in
women in general and particularly ion increasing womens knowledge of available breast
conversation treatments.
Dr. EMENS in currently (2007) conducting a clinical study that integrates a cellbased breast cancer vaccine with low, immune-modulating doses of chemotherapy in
patients with metastasis breast cancer. The study is designed to use low dose
chemotherapy to step away suppressive immune cells that help tumors to grow and
spread, and replace them with vaccine induced immune cells that are activated to seek
out and destroy breast cancer cells. This should ultimately shrink existing breast tumors,
and prevent others from forming. She will soon begin another clinical study that adds
chemotherapy-modulated vaccination to standard Trastuzumb (Herceptin) therapy for
patients with metastatic brest cancer that expresses high levels of the HER-2/nue also
takes advantage of the ability of Trastuzumab to further increase the numbers of activated
immune cells that fight breast cancer. Dr.Emern is also investigating immune based
therapies that target not only the malignant breast cancer cells, but also the tumorassociated blood vessels that support breast cancer growth and progression. These studies
are all designed to strategically integrate breast cancer vaccines with standard and novel
breast cancer drugs to achieve the greatest therapeutic impact, and to reveal not only that
they work, but also how they work. This research should pave the way for breast cancer
vaccines to become a unique but standard part of breast cancer treatment, and ultimately
breast cancer prevention.
No inherited (somatic) mutations also have been identified in breast tumors. For
example, somatic mutations in the ERBB2 (also called Her -2/neu), DIRAS3, and TP53
genes have been associated with some cases of breast cancer. Susan Orel, M.D. 2006
advised The biggest misconception about mammography is that is picks up every breast

cancer. In fact, mammography misses at least 10 percent of breast cancer. So if you feel a
lump that doesnt show up on a mammogram, bring it to your doctors attention. Get it
evaluated.
In 2007 American cancer research centre suggests that inherited variants of the
ATM, BARDI, BRIP1, CHECK2, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, and RAD51 genes, as well as
certain versions of the AR gene, may also be associated with breast cancer risk. Ot all
studies have shown these connections, however. Of these genes, ATM and CHEK2 have
the strongest evidence of being related to the risk of developing breast cancer.
CHICAGO (AFP) 2005 Researchers have identified a new target for drugs to
help treat the most common form of breast cancer in the developing world, a study
released Thursday said, the target is a molecular switch in the protein making
machinery of the cancer cell that enables a tumor to aggressively develop its won blood
supply. Women with what is called locally advanced breast cancer can develop tumors
that grow anywhere from 2 centimeters to 10 centimeters in diameter.
2006 according to the Deserved Health website, one of the most effective
breast cancer awareness programs is the breast cancer walk which is a Breast Cancer 3
Day benefit. The fund raising program is participated by men and women who want to
make a difference in the lives of these breast cancer victims. The program involves 60
miles of walking and is participated by millions of people nationwide. It is a chance for
the participants to learn about cancer and at the same time help in promoting awareness.
Medicines to reduce Breast cancer Risk center 2006 in US Results suggest
that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen and raloxifence
may lower breast cancer risk in women with certain breast cancer risk factors. But so far,
most women are reluctant to take these medications because of concern about possible
side effects.

K.K.SINGH et. al., (2003), carried out pre-experimental study on awareness

regarding Breast Self Examination among 30 school teachers at Sawing. The findings that
in Pre-test, 33.33 percent of teachers ad knowledge on Brest Self Examination and
66.67% teachers did not have any knowledge regarding Breast Self examination. In post
test 96.67% had gained knowledge regarding Breast Self Examination. It indicated that
information will be effective in improving awareness and practice.
Pratima Chatterjee (2202) conducted pre-experimental study on 30 G.N.M
students in West Bengal regarding breast cancer and BSE to assess the effects of planned
teaching programme. The finding reveals that knowledge mean scores in pre test were
26.23. in post test mean was 73.66. mean gain was 47.43, ability scores in pretest man
was 0, Post test mean was 21.5 and sum of square deviation 31.5 It suggested that there
was a significant on breast cancer and Breast self examination.
Ladwick R.Gaczkowski T. (2001) carried pre-experimental study on breast
self examination to identify the belief knowledge and practice of breast self examination
in adolescent girls. The study results reveals that in pre test 66 percent said that they
never examined their breast, and 3 percent had performed breast self examination and 32
percent never practiced breast self examination monthly. The result of this study
demonstrates that a one time intervention can be successful in increasing breast self
examination practice and knowledge of breast self examination and cancer in adolescents.
Milaat W.A (2000), conducted a descriptive survey among 6380 female secondary
students with mean age of 18 years to identify their knowledge of breast cancer and
attitudes towards breast self examination. The findings of the study were that over 80
percent students failed to answer 50 percent of the questions correctly. Only 39.6 percent
reported ever-hearing of breast self examination and only 14.4 percent and 7.1 percent
respectively know the correct frequency and timing, 82.4 percent had positive attitude
towards learning breast self examination.
Choudhary U.K et al., 1998) conducted descriptive study on knowledge, attitude,
and beliefs on breast cancer detection practice among 57 South Asian Women. The

findings revealed that 13% practiced Breast Self Examination monthly, 49% had
undergone clinical breast Examination and 46% had never had mammography. The
majority 54% said they did not know very much about breast cancer, 21% opined that
early detection of cancer was important. They reported 5% that cancer could cured early,
had no statically significant relationship with the breast health practice scores.
JEBBIN N.J. ADOTEY J.M. (2004), conducted a study on Attitudes to
knowledge and practice of Breast Self Examination among 200 women in Port Harcourt.
Their responses were then collected and analyses; 98% had formal education, 85.5% of
then had heard of Breast self examination but 39.0% practiced Breast self examination
only occasionally, 24.0% did not practice. Most of women aware of breast self
examination and its usefulness never practice it. It suggests that there is a need for
vigorous health education programme for women. It was hoped this will help to reduce
the morbidity and mortality associated with Carcinoma of breast.
Lecy, Kim H.S, et, at., (2003) conducted a quasi- experimental study on
evaluation of a community based programme for Breast Self examination among 1997
community nurse practitioners in Korea. The results of study reveals 30.5% of women in
the intervention group performed regular Breast Self Examination compared to 10.2% in
control group. The mean knowledge score related to Breast cancer and Breast self
examination was significantly higher for the women in the intervention group than in
control group.
Haji-Mahmoodi, M.Montazeri A.(2002) conducted study on breast self
examination among 410 female health care workers from seven health centers in Tehran,
Iran. Most 58% were married 75% of the women knew about breast cancer and
prevalence 63% percent of the respondents claimed that they know how to examine their
breast, but only 6% performed breast self examination monthly. The practice of breast
self examination monthly. The practice of breast self examination was significantly
associated with are, level of education, personal history of breast problems and
knowledge of how to examine the breast. The study finding suggest that the knowledge

and behavior of female health workers concerning Breast Cancer is relatively poor and it
needs to be information about Breast Self Examination.
Madnat H, Merrill R>M (2002) did survey method study on breast cancer risk
factor and screening of health and human performance among 163 nurses, 178 teachers in
Brighten Young University. The findings of study nurses were more aware than teachers
of the importance of breast cancer screening and its techniques mean screening awareness
score for nurses was 88.3% compared with 73.1% for teachers. These results prove
important information about the level of breast cancer awareness among women nurses
and teachers in Jordan and may be useful for developing future prevention and screening
education programme.
Wood R.Y, Duffy M.E, et, al., (2002) conducted quasi-experimental pre-test and
post-test design study among 328 African American and Caucasian Women on the effect
of an educational intervention aged 60 or older, on effect of an educational intervention
aged 60 or older, on effect of an educational intervention on promoting Breast Self
examination. Pre-test and post test interviews conducted by nurses at two-week intervals;
statistically significant differences in outcome variables between the intervention and
control group. The findings reveal statistically significant differences in outcome
variables between the intervention and control groups.
Sadler G.R., et, al., (2201) conducted descriptive study on 194 Asian Indian
Women; knowledge attitude and behaviors towards breast cancer early detection.
Monthly breast self examination adherence was own only 40.7 percent, 61.3 percent of
women 40 and older, and 70 percent of women 50 and older. The majority of these
women reported that their breast cancer knowledge was inadequate.

Clark JK, Sauter M, et, al., (2000), conducted quasi-experimental study on

knowledge land attitude towards breast self examination among 137 adolescent girls. The
findings suggest that one hour lesson can improve knowledge and attitudes of adolescent
girls with respect to breast self examination and early cancer detection.
7. METHODS AND MATERIAL
7.1 SOURCES OF DATA
Womens admitted in female medical ward in Hinduja Sindhi Hospital Bangalore
7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
I. RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design in the plan for the study providing the overall framework for
collecting data. Polit & hungler stated that a research design incorporates the most
important methodological decisions that a researcher in the selection of subjects for
interviewing and determines the type of analysis to be used. Design depends upon the
purpose of the study and the condition under which the study in conducted. The study
was evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on breast self
examination of women in female medical ward. The descriptive design was selected since
it aided in attaining first hand information and enhanced obtaining accurate and
meaningful data.
II. RESEARCH VARIABLE
There are independent variable and dependent variables are used.
Independent Structure teaching program on Breast self examination
Dependent variables demographic data.

III. POPULATION
According to Polit & Hungler a population comprises of entire set of individuals
having some common characteristics. The populations of the study comprised of the
womens admitted in female medical ward in Hinduja Sindhi Hospital Bangalore.
IV. SETTING
The pre-test study to be conduct in Female medical ward Hinduja Sindhi Hospital
Bangalore. The Hinduja Sindhi Hospital is having the bed strength of 100. the female
medical ward has total sanction bed strength of 20. The average nurse patient ratio is 1:10
V. SAMPLE
The present study comprised of 50 women who are admitted in female medical
ward.
VI. CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION
INCLUSION CRITERIA
The women
-

who are admitted in female medical ward between 1 to 7 days

who ere available at the setting to conduct post test.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA :
The women who
-

are not willing to participate in the study

has previous diagnosis of psychiatric disorder

VII. SAMPLE TECHNIQUE

Purposive sampling technique used for this study.

VIII. TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

Structured questionnaire and Planned Health Teaching Programme are developed
with the help of related literature from various text books, journals and discussion with
the experts in the field of Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Nursing.

Section A: Consisted of demographic data of the women such as name, age,

religion, educational status and marital status.
Section B: dealt with Anatomy and Physiology of breast.
Section C: Contained their knowledge on breast cancer.
Section D: dealt with knowledge on breast self examination.
Section E: consist of prevention of breast cancer

IX. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

DURATION OF STUDY
One month used for the study
X. PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS
It consist of inferential and descriptive data analysis
XI. PROJECTED OUTCOME
The result of the study will determine the existing knowledge of women on breast
self examination and practice of important it also gives insight to teach women about
preventive measures.

7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR

INTERVENTIONS TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN
BEINGS OR ANIMALS?
The study in conducted on Breast Self Examination Among Women Admitted In
female ward Hinduja Sindhi Hospital Bangalore, are not involved in any invasive
investigation or interventions.
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM THE CONCERNED
AUTHORITY OF THE HOSPITALS TO CONDUCT THE STUDY?
Yes, prior permission will be obtained from the concerned authority of the
hospitals to conduct the study. The purpose of the study will be explained to the women
in Hinduja Sindhi Hospital confidentiality, privacy and anonymity will be assured to the
women.
8. LIST OF REFERENCES
1.

Basavathappa B.T, Nursing Research 1st edition., New Delhi, Jayapee Brothers
Meducal Publishers (p) LTd., 1998, 224-227.

2.

Diskson, Silverman, Kalan, Maternal Infant Nursing Care. 3rd edition. New
Delhi; MOsby Printers 1994,64,65 and 75.

3.

Francine H.Nichols, Elaine Zwelling, Maternal Newborn Nursing Theory and

practice 1st edition, 1997, 100-120

4.

Gerard J.Tortora., Principles of Anatormy and Physiology 8th edition New

York; Herper Collins Copllege Publishers 1996,935-936.

5.

Inderbir Singh., Natomy and physiology for nurses. 1st edition New Delhi;
jaypee brothers, medical publishers(p) LTd., 2005 285-286.

6.

Joyce. M.Black and esther matassarin, Jacobs., Luchmann and sorensesns

Medical surgical nursing 4th edition. Philadelpohia; W.B. Saunders Company,
1993 2055-2061,491,492.

7.

Kasper Braunwadl, l fuci., harrisons principles of internal medicine 16th edition

vol.ii, new year; Me graw-? Ill companies.

8.

Lippoincott,1991, The lipopincott manual of nursing practice 5th edition. New

York; J.B. Lippincott company, Philadelphia, 2005 27-28.MC Quiston web.,
Forundations of nursing theory California; sage publication. 1995 41-80/

9.

Park K.., Test book of preventive and social medicine 16th edition. New Delhi
jaypee brothers. 2000 289-291.

10.

Polit F.Densive and Hunger. a text book of nursing research principles and
methods 4th edition. Philadelphia; Jaypee Brothers Lilppincott company. 196219.

11.

Studd. Progress in obsetrics and gynecology vol.7., New York; Churchill living
sone Edinburgh London. 1989.

12.

Suzanne C.Smeltzer Brunda G.Bare., Brunner and Suddharthas, test book of

medical and surgical nursing 7th edition. New York, Lippincott williams
company 1992,1310-1219,1302-1305.

13.

Alsaif A.A., Breast Self Examination among Saudi Female nursing students in
Saudi Arabia Saudi medical journal Vol. 15. No.11. November 2004,1574-1578.

JOURNALS
1. Dr.K.K.Singh., Awareness regarding Breast Self Examination in school teacher
effect of Health education Programme. The Indian Journal of Nursing and
Midwifery Vol.6 September 2003, 52-57.
2. Drakshyani Devi. K., Teachers knowledge and practice of Breast Self
Examination. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. Vol. 45. No-12 December
1994,284-287.
3. Dr.Be Bakane., Rehabilitating breast cancer patients Health Action March,
2002, 24.
4. Fung SY., Factors associated with Breast Self Examination behavior among
earliler women in Hong Kong Patient Education counseling Vol.33 No-3, March
1998,233-243.

5. Goergia Robina Sadler et. Al.., Chinese women Behaviours and attitudes towards
Breast Caner education and screening. Womens Health Issues vol. 10. No-1,
February 2000, 20-23.
6. Jebbin NJ. Attitudes to knowledge and practice of Breast Self Examination in
port Harcourt. Niger Journal Medicine. Vol. 13 No-2, April 2004, 166-170.
7. K.S Bairwa., A study to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an
information booklet on cancer risk Nursing Journals of India. Vol. LXXXIII,
No.1 10 October 2002, 227-228.
WEBSITE
Budden@jcu.edu.au
zylu@um.edu.tw
jclark@gw.bsu.edu
woodr@bc.edu
gasalbde@shu.edu
cylee@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr.
jaz@cast.sdu.dk
bobbie@siu.edu.

9. SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE :

10.REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

:THIS TOPIC IS RELAVANT TO

THE STUDY
11.NAME AND DESIGNATION OF

11.1 GUIDE

:MRS.LAKSHMI PRIYA,

PROFESSOR, THE KARNATAKA COLLEGE OF NURSING

11.2 SIGNATURE

11.3 CO GUIDE

:MRS.THANUJA, THE

KARNATAKA COLLEGE OF NURSING

11.4 SIGNATURE

11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

:MRS.LAKSHMI PRIYA,

PROFESSOR, THE KARNATAKA COLLEGE OF NURSING

11.6 SIGNATURE

12.1 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL

:THE RESEARCH TOPIC

SELECTED IS APPROPRIATE TO THE STUDY

12.2 SIGNATURE