Chemistry & Matter, p.

1
Chemistry is the study of matter.

Matter is anything that has mass (weighs
something) and takes up space. Examples:
chair, book, and pencil

Everything that you see around you (except
for energy) is made of matter.
The most pure forms of matter are called
elements.
Elements cannot be broken down into another
kind of pure matter.
Elements and the Periodic Table, pg. 1
The Periodic Table organizes the elements.
When these elements are put together in
different combinations, they make up all the
different kinds of matter that you see around
you.

Each element has its own chemical symbol, a
one or two letter abbreviation.
Properties, pg. 2
Property a word used to describe matter;
synonyms: characteristic, trait, quality
Properties of Matter
color taste odor luster (shininess)
brittle bendable flammable reactive
rusting texture tarnished density
shape brittle toxicity flexibility
permeability magnetic explosive gives off light

melting temperature freezing temperature
boiling temperature state of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
ability to conduct heat ability to conduct electricity
ability to form a crystal chemical stability


The Parts of an Atom, p. 4
Atom the smallest piece of an element.
Atoms are mostly empty space.

The electrons are much farther away than
models show.

Particle a tiny piece of something. The atom
is a particle that is made of three smaller
particles.





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Bohr Model, p. 5
Shows all the electrons in levels
This atom has two levels of electrons; some atoms
have seven levels.
Bohr models are useful to show electrons.
Cloud Model, p. 5
Electrons arent seen because they are moving so
quickly like the blades of a fan.
The electrons are described as a cloud around the
nucleus.







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The cloud model is the
modern model.
Atoms are Neutral, p. 6
Even though protons and electrons have charges, the
entire atom is neutral.
Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons.






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The charges of protons and electrons cancel each other out.
Neutrons do not affect the total charge because they are
neutral!
4 protons = 4+
5 neutrons = 0
4 electrons = 4-
Total Charge = 0





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Example: Beryllium
Calculate the charges in each of the atoms
below and then answer the questions at the
bottom of the page.
Each Element has a different atom, p. 8
Each element has its own kind of atom. It is
the atom itself that makes each element
unique.
Every element has an atomic number, which is
the number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom.
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H
Hydrogen
1.01
He
Helium
4.00
Li
Lithium
6.94
Be
Beryllium
9.01
B
Boron
10.81
What are the atomic numbers of these elements? Look
at the Periodic Table!
1 2
3 4
5
Now complete the rest of the page.
Celebrity Molecules, p. 9
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms
held together by a chemical bond.
Molecules may contain as few as two atoms or
millions of atoms.

Water (H
2
O)
Made of hydrogen and oxygen.
It looks like a Mickey Mouse head.
It is a clear liquid at room temperature.
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Carbon dioxide (CO
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Made of carbon and oxygen
Animals breathe out carbon dioxide.
Plants need it for photosynthesis.
Many scientists believe it is a cause of global
warming.
It is a colorless gas at room temperature.
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Salt (NaCl)
Made of sodium and chlorine.
It is necessary to all living things.
It is a crystal.
It is a colorless solid at room temperature.
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Glucose (C
6
H
12
O
6
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Glucose is one kind of sugar molecule.
Plants form glucose in photosynthesis.
It is found in the bloodstream of animals and
is used for energy.
Compounds and Chemical Formulas, p. 10
A compound is made of two or more different
elements that are chemically combined.
Every compound has a chemical formula or a
combination of symbols that represents the
elements in a compound and their proportions.
The subscript (little number) goes with the
element before it.
H
2
O
2 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atom
Substances and Mixtures, p. 11
A substance is a pure kind of matter, an
element or a compound.


A mixture is a mix of two or more substances
that are NOT chemically combined.

May contain elements, compounds or both.