ATOLL LTE FEATURES

Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
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1. LTE Planning Overview
LTE Features Supported in Atoll
LTE Workflow in Atoll
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LTE Features supported in Atoll
Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Various Frequency Bands
Scalable Channel Bandwidths
Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies
Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures
Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD
Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes
Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads
Downlink and uplink reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.
RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations
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LTE Features supported in Atoll
Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Physical Cell IDs Implementation
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support
Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling
Support of Fractional Power Control (UL)
Support of Directional CPE Antennas
Signal Level Based Coverage Planning
CINR Based Coverage Planning
Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications
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Specific Module
LTE Features supported in Atoll
Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Network Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations
Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems
Transmit and Receive Diversity
Single-User MIMO or spatial multiplexing
Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS)
Modelling of Multi-User MIMO (collaborative MIMO UL only)
Tools for Resource Allocation
Automatic Allocation of Neighbours
Automatic Allocation of Physical Cell IDs
Automatic Allocation of Frequencies (AFP)
Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data
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Slide 7 of 82
LTE Workflow in Atoll
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Open an existing project or
create a new one
Prediction Study
Reports
Traffic Maps
Network Configuration
- Add network elements
- Change parameters
User-defined
Values
Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation
Basic Predictions
(Best Server, Signal Level)
Monte-Carlo
Simulations
Signal Quality and
Throughput Predictions
Cell Load
Conditions
Subscriber Lists
And/or
Frequency Plan
Analysis
Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning
Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning
ACP
Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
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2. Modelling a LTE Network
Global Settings
Frequency Band definition
Frame Structure Settings
Radio Parameters
Site
Transmitters
Cells
Equipment Parameters
User-definable reception characteristics
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Global Settings (1/2)
Frequency Bands
Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document
TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing)
One frequency band assigned to each cell
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LTE Frame Structure definition
System-level constants (Hard-coded)
Width of a resource block (180 kHz)
Frame duration (10 ms)
Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs)
Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc.
Global Settings (2/2)
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TDD option only :
Switch from DL to UL
every half frame
(default) or every
frame
Number of SD for
PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3)
carrying DL and UL
Resource allocation
information
Normal (default) or extended
cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot)
e.g.: at 15 kHz, 7 SD/slot
(normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended)
Average number of
resource blocks for
PUCCH
Radio Parameters Overview
Site
X (longitude) and Y (latitude)
Transmitters
Activity
Antenna configuration (model, height, azimuth, mechanical & electrical tilts...)
UL & DL Losses / UL Noise Figure
Propagation (Model, Radius and resolution)
Cells
Frequency Band & Channel
PCI
Power definition
Min RSRP
UL & DL Load
Diversity Support
Neighbours
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Presented in
General Features
Transmitter Parameters
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Propagation settings
Antenna Configuration and Losses
parameters
Cells parameters
(see next slide)
Antenna
Configuration
DL and UL
total losses,
UL noise
figure
Cell Parameters
Inputs of the neighbour
allocation algorithm
Neighbour list
Cell activity
Power and energy
offsets from computed
reference signal
Cells frequency band
Channel number in the
frequency band (and
allocation status)
DL traffic load
Physical Cell ID +resulting
PSS/SSS (and allocation status)
MIMO Configuration
Min RSRP used as cell
coverage limit
UL noise rise due to
surrounding mobiles
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ICIC and Fractional Power
Control Parameters
(Advanced)
Load
Conditions
Equipment Parameters (1/2)
Bearers (Modulation and Coding Schemes) definition
User-definable bearer efficiencies
(useful bits per resource element)
Bearer selection thresholds for link adaptation
Quality indicator graphs
BLER used to model the effect of errors in data reception
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Equipment Parameters (2/2)
Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems
Diversity and SU-MIMO gains
Definable per bearer and antenna configuration
Depend on the clutter class where users are located
MU-MIMO gain
Definable per cell or
Calculated during Monte Carlo simulations using intelligent multi-user scheduling on two antenna ports
(Layered Space-time Scheduling)
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Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
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3. LTE Predictions
Introduction
Parameters used in Predictions
Prediction Settings
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Coverage Prediction Examples
Point Analysis Studies
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Introduction
Coverage Predictions
General Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels
Best server plot based on downlink reference signal levels
Multiple server coverage based on downlink reference signal levels
Reference signal level plots
Reference signal CNR plots
RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
LTE UL and DL Specific Studies
SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH Signal Level Plots
SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CNR Plots
Quality Studies (RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality,
Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL
Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)
Best Bearer and Modulation Plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Levels
Throughput and Cell Capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Channel Throughputs
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Throughputs averaged per User
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Cell Capacities
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Aggregate Cell Throughputs
Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Allocated Bandwidth Throughputs (UL)
Point Predictions
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Introduction
Principles of the studies based on traffic
Study calculated for
Given load conditions
UL noise rise
DL traffic load
A non-interfering user with
A service
A mobility
A terminal type (in case of a directive antenna , it is oriented towards the serving cell)
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Load Conditions
Load conditions are defined in the cells table
Values taken into consideration in
predictions for each cell
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Service Properties
Parameters used in predictions
Highest bearers in UL and DL
Body loss
Application throughput parameters
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Mobility Properties
Parameters used in Predictions
Mapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as
radio conditions depend on user speed).
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Terminal Properties
Parameters used in Predictions
Minimum & Maximum terminal power
Gain and losses
Noise figure
Antenna settings (incl. MIMO support)
Number of Antenna ports in UL
and DL in case of MIMO
support
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Support
of MIMO
Min & Max
Power +
Noise
Figure +
Losses
Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
Standard predictions
Best server plot
Coverage by signal level
Multiple server coverage
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level and quality
predictions
Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving
cell)
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH CNR plots
RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
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Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
CINR, Throughput and Quality Indicator predictions
Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte-Carlo simulation results
Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving
cell)
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator and RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots
UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)
Best bearer plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Throughput and cell capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application channel throughputs
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughputs averaged per user
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application cell capacities
Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application aggregate cell throughputs
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Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Atoll determines, on each pixel, the highest bearer that each user can obtain
No soft handover
Connection to the best server in term of reference signal level (C)
Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels)
Process : prediction done via look-up tables
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Best Server Area determination
(min RSRP)
Radio Conditions estimation
(PDSCH and PUSCH CINR
calculation)
Throughput
&
Quality Indicator (BER and BLER)
predictions
Reference Signal Level (C)
evaluation
Bearer Selection
Interference Estimation
Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR according to:
The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power
The interfering signals impacted by:
The interferers powers
The path loss from the interferers to the victim
Antenna gain
Losses from interferers (incl. Shadowing effect and indoor losses)
The interference reduction factor applied to interfering base stations transmitting on adjacent
channels (adjacent channel suppression factor)
The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stations traffic load
The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual
overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations)
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Prediction Examples (General Studies)
Coverage by signal level
(Based on reference signal power)
Number of servers
(Based on reference signal power)
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Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
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Coverage by PDSCH CINR
(Isotropic receiver antenna)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR
(Directional receiver antenna)
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
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Coverage by PUSCH CINR
(Isotropic receiver antenna)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR
(Directional receiver antenna)
Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Analysis
Point Analysis Tool: Reception
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Choice of UL&DL load conditions :
if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based
on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table
Definition of a user-
definable probe"
receiver, indoor or not
Cell bar graphs (best
server at the top)
Analysis detail on
reference signals,
PDSCH and PUSCH
Reference
Signals,
PDSCH and
PUSCH
availability
(or not)
Selection of the value to be
displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH,
RSRP)
Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Analysis
Point Analysis Tool: Interference
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Choice of UL&DL load conditions :
if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on
DL load and UL noise rise from cells table
Definition of a user-
definable probe"
receiver, indoor or not
Selection of the value to be displayed
(RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)
Serving Cell
(C)
Total Level of
Interference
(I +N)
List of Interfering Cells
Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
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4. Frequency Plan Analysis
Channel and Physical Cell ID Search Tools
Physical Cell ID Allocation Audit
Physical Cell ID Histograms
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Search Tool Overview
Tool to visualise channel and PSS ID reuse on the map
Possibility to find cells which are assigned a given :
Frequency band +channel
Physical Cell ID
PSS ID
SSS ID
Way to use this tool
Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter
Open the Find on Map tool available in the Edit menu
(or directly in the toolbar )
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Channel Search Tool
Channel Reuse on the Map
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Colours given to transmitters
Red: co-channel transmitters
Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters
Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters
Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters
Grey thin line: other transmitters
Frequency
band and
Channel
number
Resource
Selection
Physical Cell ID, PSS ID and SSS ID Reuse on the Map
Physical Cell ID Search Tool
Colours given to transmitters
Red or Grey thin line: if the transmitters carries or not
the specified resource value (Physical Cell ID, PSS ID
or SSS ID)
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Resource
Type and
Value
Resource
Selection
PCI Allocation Audit (1/2)
Verification of the allocation inconsistencies
Respect of a minimum reuse distance
Respect of neighbourhood constraints (two neighbour cells must have different PCI)
Respect of SSS ID allocation strategy
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PCI Allocation Audit (2/2)
Audit results
Inconsistencies are displayed in the default text editor
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The minimum distance constraint is fulfilled
Cells BRU010_L1 & BRU116_L2 are
Neighbour cells but have been allocated
the same PCI
These 13 sites do not fulfil the SSS ID
allocation strategy:
on each site, allocated PCI do not have the
same SSS ID
Physical Cell ID Histograms
View of the Physical Cell ID Distribution
Dynamic
pointer
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Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
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5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
Traffic modelling
Monte Carlo Simulations
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44
Traffic Modelling (1/2)
Traffic Data
Traffic maps and subscriber lists
Various types of traffic maps:
Raster traffic maps
Vector traffic maps
Live traffic maps
Traffic density maps
Live Traffic Data
Vector Traffic Data
Raster Traffic Data
Subscribers
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Traffic Modelling (2/2)
Subscriber Lists
Lists of subscribers with fixed locations and specific parameters
Can be created using the mouse or imported from txt and csv files
Can be displayed on the map according to different parameters
Main parameters:
Location: X and Y coordinates
Antenna height
Azimuth and tilt (user-defined or calculated)
Serving cell (user-defined or calculated)
User profile
Terminal type
Prediction calculations can be carried out
on subscribers (points)
Predicted results include reception levels,
CINR, throughputs, etc.
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Monte Carlo Simulations (1/3)
Monte Carlo Simulations
For studying network capacity
Network behaviour under given traffic
Can be based on traffic data from traffic maps
and subscriber lists
Distribution of mobile users and services
Calculation of user parameters (CINR, power control,
noise rise, resource allocation, etc.)
Scheduling and radio resource allocation
based on service priorities and scheduling methods:
Proportional Fair
Proportional Demand
Max Aggregate Throughput
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Monte Carlo Simulations (2/3)
Simulation Results
For each cell
UL and DL traffic loads
UL noise rise
UL and DL aggregate cell throughputs
Traffic input and connection statistics

For each mobile
Serving transmitter and cell
Azimuth and tilt (towards the serving cell)
Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH signal levels
Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH CINR and interference levels
Best bearers based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Cell throughputs, cell capacities, and user throughputs PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
Connection status and rejection cause

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Monte Carlo Simulations (3/3)
Simulation Results Display
THANK YOU!