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Artificios de Integracin
18
Solucin:
UNIDAD III
ARTIFICIOS DE INTEGRACIN
La integracin depende, en ltima instancia, del
empleo adecuado de las formas bsicas de integracin.
Cuando en un caso no sucede esto, a menudo es
posible transformar la integral de modo que se puedan
aplicar las formas bsicas. Los artificios ms comunes
son:
a. Integracin por parte
b. Integracin de funciones racionales
c. Empleo de sustitucin
1 = 0 = 1; "# #"
5 = 3; =
5/3
2 + 3
+
2
3
5
1
= ln + ln 1 ln + 2 +
2
3
6
= ln
parcial de la forma
+
Ejemplo 1.Halle
2 + 3
+
2
13
5
- + 26
,
+
3 5
1
= +
2 3 1 6 +2
Ejemplo 2. Hallar
Solucin:
+ 1
1
Clculo Integral
19
= 0; "# #" 1 = = 1
4
+ 4
=
= 1; "# #" 2 = = 2
= ln
=
+2
= ln
=
1
12
12
+ ln
+
3
1
1
1
1
+2
2
+ 2 ln 1 +
1
+
+
+ +
Ejemplo 3. Hallar
Solucin:
4
+ 4
4
4
+
=
= +
+ 4
+ 4 2 + 4
Quitando el denominador
4 = 2 + 4 + + = + 2 + + 4
4 = 4; "# #" = 1
= 0; "# #" = 0
+ = 0; "# #" = 1
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1
2 + 4
= ln ln2 + 4 +
= 1; "# #" 3 = 23 = 1 3 = 2
+1
1
2
+
+4
+ 3
8 + 2
+
+
+ +
+ + .
+ + ./0
+ +
Ejemplo 4. Hallar
Solucin:
2 + + 3
+ 1
+
+ 1
+ 1
2 + 1
Quitando denominadores
2 + + 3 = + + + 32 + 1
+ = 1; "# #" = 1
+ 3 = 3; "# #" = 3
Por lo tanto la integral
2 + + 3
+ 1
=
+ 3
+ 1
+
2
2 + 1
Artificios de integracin
20
=
+
+
2
+ 1
2
+ 1
+
+ 1
+ 1
2
+1
+ ln2 + 1 +
=
=
=
=
=
2
+ 1
1
2
+ 1
1
2
+ 1
1
2
+
+
3 sec
<
sec @ <
< + ln2 + 1 +
< + ln2 + 1 +
3
+ 1 + cos 2< < + ln2 + 1 +
+ 1 2
2
+ 1
1
2
+ 1
tan
< + 1
+ 3 cos
< < + ln2 + 1 +
L
+ 1
3 sec
<
cos < =
L 2 + 1
L 2 + 1
tan < =
1
+ < + "# < < + #
+ 1 +
2
+ 1
Solucin:
1 + G
,
1
1
+ B! # +
C + #
+ 1 +
2
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
1
+ D! # +
E + #
+ 1 +
2
+ 1
+1
-
F
1 + G
,
0/
= <
H /@ = <
=
<
4< <
1 + <
= 4
<I
<
1 + <
F
, = 4 J<
1 + G
<
K <
1 + <
3 ,
G @ #1 + < +
4
Carlos Merlano Blanco
Clculo Integral
21
Solucin:
1 + /
+ 1 + 0/
9": 1 + = <
1 +
Sustituyendo:
=<
= 2<<
H 1 + 0/
= <
= + M/ /
+ M /
: = 3,
# = 2,
+ M
= <
= 2
=
<<
0/
M0/
<
+ M /
= J
=
= 2 arctan < +
+
/
+ M
M + M
<
<
+1
[http://ingcarlosmerlano.wordpress.com]
= 2
=J
<
K
M
0/
+ M /
= <
Sustituyendo:
<
= 2 arctan1 + 0/
+
! = 3,
+1
= 2 #"! "# "!. Y# #" # "
#
2<
=
<
1 + /
+ 1 + 0/
< +<
Solucin:
<
K
M
<<
1
M0/
<
0/
<
1
1 < /
<
M
1
< + < /0 +
M
2 + M
M
+ M
+
@ 1 +
Solucin:
: = 4,
H
2
11 +
0/
+
3
# = 2,
! = 1,
+1 !
+ = 2 #"! "# "! H # "
#
1 +
= <
;
=
<=
1 +
0/
;
<<
1
; @ =
;
<
1 /
< 1
=
@ 1
1
<
10/
L 1 +
=
Sustituyendo:
= 2
<
<
10/
+
<<
<
1 /
=
1
<
<
1
<
10/
= <
1<
Artificios de integracin
22
=<
<
<3 <
+ =
+
3
3
1 + 2 1/2 B3
=
1 + 2
C
2
+
3
1 + 2 1/2 32 1 2
+
2
3
3. Transformacin de
trigonomtricas
+
las
diferenciales
O lo que es lo mismo
2<
"# =
,
1 + <
2 =
2<
=
1 + <
=
=
=
<
<
1
,
<
=
<
<
@
Sustituyendo:
=
=
<
10/
<<
@
=
1
,
<
5 + 4 sen 2
0
4. Sustituciones diversas
Solucin:
1 <
=
,
1 + <
Ejemplo 9.Halle
Solucin: sea
=<
2
1
5 # + 4
= ! #
+
5 + 4 "# 2 3
3
<
1 /
+
3
/
+
3
Sustituyendo:
1
=
5 + 4 "# 2 2 5 + 4 "#
2<
1
1
+ <
=
2 5 + 8<
=
1 + <2
1
2<
2 5<2 + 8< + 5
1
5< + 4
! #
+
3
3
Clculo Integral
23
EJERCICIOS DE APLICACIN 3
Seccin 1. Integracin de funciones racionales. Hallar
las integrales
4 2
1.
2
2.
3.
4.
5
3
4 + 3
4 + 8
+ 3
4
+ 2
+1
4
<
5.
<
< 1
H^ 8
H
6.
H + 2H
2
8 8
9.
2
4
1 2 + 12 + 3
]/ #
+
2
1 2 + 12 1
]/ + #
+
2
2
1
]/ #< 1
+
< 1 2< 1
18
10.
2 3
+ 4
+ 10
11.
4 + 9
+
+ 2H + 2
H
H @ + 3H
+ 2
]/ # 1 + ! # +
]/ 2 #
]/
]/ #H
+ 2 + ! # H +
14.
]
]
+ 9 9 9
16.
]
+ 9
I
1 +4
#
+ ! # +
2 2 3
2
4 + 9 1
2
]/ #
+ ! #
+
6
3
2
+ 1
+ 1
+4
+
2
<
13. @
< + <
+ 3
15.
+ 1
H
4
2H +
+ 2 #H
+ 2H +
2
2H
1
! # < +
<
1
! # +
+
+1
1
1
#
+ 1
+
2
+1
3
3
#
+ 9@ +
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18.
4
+ 2 + 8
+ 2
I
+ 4
20.
I + 4
+ 2
4
21. @
1
22.
2
+ 3 + 2
+ 2
+ 2 + 2
+3
#
23. B
C
+ 4 + 5
2
+
+
! #
+
+ 2 2
+ 4
4
2
8
4#
+ 4
+
2
+4
19.
+
+
]/ #
+ 3 +
+
8.
1
+ 1
12.
2
+
+ 1
]/ #
1 +
]/
4
+ 6
7.
+ 3
2H
]/ #
17.
1
+ + 1 3
2 + 1
#
! #
+
2
3
3
1
1
#
+ 2 +
+
+ 2
#
1
2 ! # +
+1
! # + 2
1
+
+ 4 + 5
5 + 9
9 /
25.
+ 2
3
26.
27.
28.
@/
/
0/
60/@
<
<
4< + 1I/
29. I/^
H
H0/^
30.
+ 2 #
3
+
+ 3
1 1 3
#
! #b +
4 + 1
6
3
3 #
2 c/@ 2 0 /0
+
27
13
0/
+
1 0/
6<
+ 6< + 1
+
124< + 1 /
8H /^
H 0/^ 1
+ 2 # 0/^
+ 4! #H 0/^ +
3
H +1
+ M /
2 + M
M
+ M
+
3
4H 3 + H@/ +
28
31. H L + H H
]d
32.
] + 1 + 4 + 1 + 4 #e + 1 + 1f +
+ 1 + 1
+ 1 1
Artificios de integracin
24
33.
34.
1 + +
3
,
]d +
/ 3 + 0/ + 3 #e1 + + f +
2
+5
+ 4 + 2
2 + 2 + 22 ! # g
+2
+
2
36.
I
1 +
37. I 8 + /
38.
I
+ M /
39.
1 + /
40.
1 + 0/
41.
1 + @ /@
42.
1 + @/
21 + @
43.
23 21 /
+
45
2 21
+
9
+
105
22 + M
3M
+ M
1 +
0/
+
1 +
/
+
2
+
# D + L1 +
h
1 + "# h + h
45.
"# + #
46.
5 + 4
h
47.
4 + 5 h
]
]
]
]
51.
1 + @
+
h
# B1 + # C +
2
1
h 1
# # #
+
2
2 4
2
2
1
! # B # C +
3
3
2
h
# + 3
1
2
# j
k+
h
3
# 3
2
4 + 5
h
h
5 3 h
! # B
# C +
2
H
H
] ! # D1 + 2 # E +
2
2"# H H + 3
H
4" H + 5
h 5
h
+ ! # B2 # C +
3 6
2
H
# 3
2
H
4
! # D # E +
# j 2H k +
5
2
15
# + 3
2
55.
50.
54.
1 + 3
+
2
1 + 0/
@E +
49.
53.
1 + @ 0/@
+
48.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
]d
1 + +
+2
+ 2 1
2 +
5 6
3
2 1
1 + 4 + 5
+ 4 4
1 + 2 + 3
27
+ 6 1
# B
# =
1
2 + + 21 + +
1
<
# J
C+
+ 2 + 2
K+
+ 2 + + 2
# L
+ 2 = <
]2 ! # D + L
+ 2 1E +
# L
+ 2 1 = <
]d
2 + 2 2
# J
K+
2 + 2 + 2
# L2 +
= + 1<
2
23
]dg ! # g
+
3
3 22
# L5 6
= 2<
] !"# B
# =
]
1
<
1
C+
2
1 + 2 + 1 + 4 + 5
K+
# J
# =
1
<
# =
1
<
1
2
]d !"# B
C+
2
2
]d
1 + + 1 + 2 + 3
1 + 2 + 3
+ # J
K+
# =
]d
1
<
1 3
27
+ 6 1
3!"# B
C+
6
# =
1
<
Clculo Integral
25
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
8
4
5
9
9
3< + 7
<
< + 1< + 2< + 3
3
+ 11 + 2
+ 3
1
2 + 34
1
@
+1
5
+ 5
5
+ 14 + 10
69.
+ 2 + 1
70.
24H
+ 10H + 5
2H 12H + 1
+2
71. @
+ 2 +
2 4
72.
@ + 2
73.
2
+ 1
2
H @ 3H
H
74.
H 2H
1
2 @ + 3 20 28
75.
42 1
76.
6<
+ 3< + 4
<
< + 2<
H@ + 3
H
77.
H + 1H
+ 1
[http://ingcarlosmerlano.wordpress.com]
3 + 3 + 1
@ + 3
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
I L1
90.
I /
91.
1 + 0/
92.
93.
94.
3l + l
+ 3
l
l @ + 3l
5
+ 12 + 9
+ 3
+ 3
4 + 3
+ 18 + 12
+ 4
H + 2LH + 5
e1 f
,
2 + 3
+
0
1@
0
2
+ 1@
2@
+3
+ 5 + 4
2 2 + 3
1 2
I + 2
1 + /
I + 2
1 +
H
1 + "# H H
Artificios de integracin
26
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
H
H + H
H
13 5 H
H
13 H 5
H
2 H + 1
H
2 + "# H
H
1 + 2"# H
"# h
h
5 4 "# h
h
5 " h 4
4
2 + 3
4
2 + 3 /
5 6
2
5 6
m" L
2 + 3 = <
m" L
2 + 3 = <
m" L5 6
= 2<
m" L5 6
= 2<
Clculo Integral