Health

Health is more than just being free from

disease - it is a good physical feeling, a
well-adjusted, positive individual who is
able to undertake the tasks of their day
without much difficulty.We also say
"HE!"H #$ WE!"H".
%isease
%isease is as broad a term as health is - but
simply it is a disorder or malfunction of the
mind or body which stops good health.
%iseases usually have more than one factor
- i.e. an attempted suicide might be a self-
inflicted physical disease. cute diseases are
sudden onset, rapidly changing disease with
a short life-span, whereas chronic are
diseases that continue for a long time
&months or years'.
(ategories
"able )* %isease categories and
descriptions
(at
ego
ry
(ause %escription E+ampl
e
%efi
cien
cy
,nbalanc
ed or
inade-ua
te diet.
.utritional
disease cause by
an unbalanced
or inade-uate
diet. (an lead to
starvation.
$curvy
%eg
ener
ativ
e
/radual
decline
in
function
0epair
mechanisms
failing, immune
system begins to
attack itself.
l1heim
ers,
strokes,
cancers.
#nfe
ctio
us
2rganism
s
invading
the body
3athogens
causing disease
within the body,
can be
transmitted
from person to
person
4alaria
.on
-
#nfe
ctio
us
.ot
pathogen
s
ny disease that
is not caused by
a pathogen.
$troke
#nhe
rite
d
5aulty
genes disease that is
passed from
parents to their
children by a
faulty allele.
(ystic
fibrosis
&see
further
descripti
on
below'
4en
tal
(hanges
to the
mind,
possibly
with a
physical
cause.
ny disease that
affects a
person6s mind.
$ometimes a
visible
degeneration of
brain tissue is
present, as in
(7%.
(7%,
l1heim
er6s,
dementi
a,
schi1oph
renia.
3hy
sical
%amage
to the
body
3ermanent or
temporary
damage to any
part of the body
!eprosy,
broken
leg.
$elf-
#nfli
cted
$elf Willful damage
to own persons
body by
themselves.
ttempt
ed
suicide
$oci
al $ocial
environm
ent or
behaviou
r
How a persons
life affects their
health, e+posing
or protecting
them from
certain diseases.
Hypothe
rmia,
(H%
(ystic 5ibrosis
(ystic fibrosis is an inherited disease, and is
the most common in 8ritain. "he disease is
because of fault in a gene coding for a
channel protein that is meant to allow
chloride ions to flow out of cells, and since
chloride ions take water with them this
presents a problem. #f neither move out,
the alveoli is hindered by a thick sticky
mucus, making breathing difficult and
forming a breeding ground for bacteria,
resulting in infections. 0egular
physiotherapy can help to loosen and
remove the mucus.
"here are two versions of every gene in
each of the bodies cells, called alleles.
"here are two types of alleles - dominant
and recessive, and cystic fibrosis is caused
by a recessive allele. !et6s say that is the
healthy allele, and a is the cystic fibrosis
allele, and is recessive. $omeone with is
healthy, someone with a is a carrier but is
healthy &because the healthy is dominant
over the unhealthy a'. "wo people with a
and a are both healthy, but if they
produce a child there is a )9: chance that
this child will have the genotype aa, which
means they will suffer from cystic fibrosis.
%egenerative %iseases
"here are three major types of degenerative
disease;
%iseases of the skeletal, muscular and
nervous systems. l1heimer6s, motor
neurone disease.
(ardiovascular diseases. (oronary Heart
%isease and strokes
(ancers
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of the
occurrence, distribution, and control of
diseases in populations. "he statistics reflect
the amount of people who are ill and the
amount that have died and are particular to
a population under the study. "hree types of
data provide information on the spread of
disease - incidence, prevalence and
mortality. "his refers to the number of new
cases per time period, the number of
people in a population with the disease and
the amount of people who have died from
the disease, respectively.
,ses
Epidemiology can be used by a variety of
people for many things. 2ne of its most
important uses is by governments to
increase funding for research into rising
causes of death, such as #%$ was in the
)<=>s. "hey can also show differences
between economic levels and separate
countries, or promote mass screening to
prevent disease before they start, such as
cervical cancer.
%isease %escriptions
Endemic - %isease is always present in the
population. "8 is an e+ample.
Epidemic - %isease spreads rapidly to
affect many people. #nfluen1a is an
e+ample.
3andemic - %isease spreads over a very
large area. #%$ is an e+ample.
%isease patterns
#n developed countries, disease such as (H%
and cancer are much more common than in
third world countries. "his is as a result of
developed countries having better health
care, including vaccination and treatment
against serious infectious diseases such as
measles, polio, "8 and malaria. lso,
smoking and foods high in fat are more
prevalent in developed countries. ttitudes
towards drinking, smoking or obesity may
affect a countries overall incidences of
disease - for e+ample, incidences of lung
cancer are e+pected to fall following the
,nited ?ingdom6s smoking ban as it forces
people to -uit and reduces the effects of
secondary smoke.