6 INTRODUCTION

deal. In the extreme cases mentioned above, many of the dispatch and
scheduling methods we are going to discuss will need to be rethought and
perhaps drastically revised. Current practices in automatic generation control
are based on tacit assumptions that the electric energy market is slow moving
with only a few, more-or-less fixed, interchange contracts that are arranged
bet ween i nt erconnect ed utilities. Current techniques for establishing optimal
economic generation schedules are really based on the assumption of a single
utility serving the electric energy needs of its own customers at minimum cost.
Interconnected operations and energy interchange agreements are presently the
result of interutility arrangements: all of the parties share common interests. In
a world with a transmission-operation entity required to provide access to many
parties, both utility and nonutility organizations, this entity has the task of
developing operating schedules to accomplish the deliveries scheduled in some
(as yet to be defined) optimal fashion within the physical constraints of the
system, while maintaining system reliability and security. If all (or any) of this
develops, it should be a fascinating time to be active in this field.
FURTHER READING
The books below are suggested as sources of information for the general area covered
by this text. The first four are classics; the next seven are specialized or else are
collections of articles or chapters on various topics involved in generation operation
and control. Reference 12 has proven particularly helpful in reviewing various thermal
cycles. The last two may be useful supplements in a classroom environment.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1 I .
12.
Steinberg, M. J ., Smith, T. H., Economy Loading of Power Plants and Electric
Systems, Wiley, New York, 1943.
Kirchmayer, L. K., Economic Operation of Power Systems, Wiley, New York, 1958.
Kirchmayer, L. K., Economic Control of Interconnected Systems, Wiley, New York,
1959.
Cohn, N., Control of Generation and Power Flow on Interconnected Systems, Wiley,
New York, 1961.
Hano, I., Operating Characteristics of Electric Power Systems, Denki Shoin, Tokyo,
1967.
Handschin, E. (ed.), Real-Time Control of Electric Power Systems, Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 1972.
Savulescu, S . C. (ed.), Computerized Operation of Power Systems, Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 1976.
Sterling, M. J . H., Power System Control, Peregrinus, London, 1978.
El-Hawary, M. E., Christensen, G. S. , Optimal Economic Operation of Electric Power
Systems, Academic, New York, 1979.
Cochran, R. G., Tsoulfanidis, N. M. I., The Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Analysis and
Management, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, 1990.
Stoll, H. G. (ed.), Least-Cost Electric Utility Planning, Wiley, New York, 1989.
El-Wakil, M. M., Power Plant Technology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984.
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