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9
Stages
5.1 5.3
Alan McSeveny
Rob Conway
Steve Wilkes P
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Train a child in the way he should go, and
when he is old he will not turn from it.
Proverbs 22:6
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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Author: McSeveny, A. (Alan)
Title: Australian signpost mathematics. 9 (5.1-5.3) New South Wales
student book / Alan McSeveny,
Rob Conway, Steve Wilkes.
ISBN: 9781486005314 (pbk.)
Target Audience: For secondary school age.
Subjects: Mathematics--Textbooks.
Other Authors/Contributors: Conway, Rob.Wilkes, Steve.
Dewey Number: 510
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Acknowledgements
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l = left, r = right, c = centre.


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Contents
CONTENTS
Features of Australian Signpost Mathematics vi
Treatment of syllabus content x
Digital resources xvi
Metric equivalents xviii
The language of mathematics xix
ID Card 1 (Metric units) xix
ID Card 2 (Symbols) xix
ID Card 3 (Language) xx
ID Card 4 (Language) xxi
ID Card 5 (Language) xxii
ID Card 6 (Language) xxiii
Algebra card xxiv
Chapter 1 Number and
measurement 1
1:01 Review of earlier work 2
Fun spot 1:01 What was the Prime
Ministers name in 1998? 3
1:02 Rational numbers 4
1:03 Recurring decimals 6
1:04 Ratios and rates 8
1:05 Significant figures 12
Investigation 1:05 A truck drivers memories 15
1:06 Approximations 16
1:07 Estimation 20
1:08 Using scientific notation 22
1:09 Units of measurement 24
1:10 Accuracy of measurements 27
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 31
Chapter 2 Working
mathematically 36
2:01 Solving routine problems 37
2:02 Solving non-routine problems 40
2:03 Using Venn Diagrams 44
Fun spot 2:03 What type of breakfast
takes an hour to finish? 47
Investigation 2:03 The Syracuse algorithm 47
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 47
Chapter 3 Algebra 52
3:01 Simplifying algebraic expressions 53
3:02 Algebraic fractions 55
3:02A Addition and subtraction 55
Fun spot 3:02A Try this maths-word puzzle 56
3:02B Multiplication and division 57
3:03 Simplifying expressions with grouping symbols 59
Fun spot 3:03 What is taken off last
before you get into bed? 61
3:04 Further algebraic fractions 62
Challenge 3:04 These are a fraction trickier! 63
3:05 Factorising using common factors 64
3:06 Binomial products 66
3:07 Special products 68
3:07A Perfect squares 68
Investigation 3:07 The square of a binomial 69
3:07B Difference of two squares 70
3:08 Miscellaneous examples 71
Challenge 3:08 Patterns in products 72
Investigation 3:08 Using special
products in arithmetic 73
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 74
Chapter 4 Probability 79
4:01 The language of probability 80
Investigation 4:01 Rolling dice 83
4:02 Experimental probability 83
Investigation 4:02 Tossing a coin 87
GeoGebra activity 4:02 Rolling a single
dice a large number of times 88
4:03 Theoretical probability 88
Investigation 4:03 Chance experiments 93
4:04 Mutually and non-mutually exclusive events 94
Investigation 4:04 Chance happenings 97
4:05 Using diagrams and tables 98
Fun Spot 4:05 What are Dewey decimals? 100
4:06 Two-step chance experiments 101
Investigation 4:06 Two-step
chance experiments 106
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 107
Chapter 5 Area, surface area
and volume 112
5:01 Area of composite figures 113
GeoGebra activity 5:01A Area formulas 113
GeoGebra activity 5:01B Area of
composite figures 118
Fun spot 5:01 Why is it so noisy at tennis? 118
Investigation 5:01 Covering floors 119
5:02 Surface area of a prism 120
GeoGebra activity 5:02 Surface area
of a rectangular prism 125
5:03 Surface area of a cylinder 125
Fun spot 5:03 How did the boy know he
had an affinity with the sea? 130
5:04 Surface area of composite solids 131
Investigation 5:04 Truncated cubes 134
5:05 Volume of prisms, cylinders and
composite solids 135
GeoGebra activity 5:05 Volume of a prism 139
Investigation 5:05 Perimeter, area and volume 140
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 141
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Chapter 6 Indices 146
6:01 Indices and the index laws 147
Investigation 6:01 Exploring index notation 151
Challenge 6:01 Family trees 151
6:02 Negative indices 152
6:03 Fractional indices 155
Fun spot 6:03 Why is a room full of
married people always empty? 158
Investigation 6:03 Reasoning with
fractional indices 158
6:04 Scientific (or standard) notation 159
Investigation 6:04 Multiplying and
dividing by powers of 10 159
6:05 Scientific notation and the calculator 162
Investigation 6:05 Using scientific notation 164
6:06 Conversions using scientific notation 165
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 167
Chapter 7 Equations,
inequalities and formulas 172
7:01 Equivalent equations 173
GeoGebra activity 7:01 Equations with
pronumerals on both sides 176
7:02 Equations with grouping symbols 176
GeoGebra activity 7:02 Equations with
grouping symbols 178
Fun spot 7:02 If I have 7 apples in one
hand and 4 in the other, what have I got? 178
7:03 Equations with fractions (1) 179
Fun spot 7:03 Who holds up submarines? 181
7:04 Equations with fractions (2) 181
Challenge 7:04 Equations with pronumerals
in the denominator 183
7:05 Solving problems using equations 184
Fun spot 7:06 Who dunnit? 190
7:06 Inequalities 191
Investigation 7:06 Operating on inequalities 192
7:07 Formulas: Evaluating the subject 195
Investigation 7:07 Spreadsheet formulas 198
7:08 Formulas: Equations arising from
substitution 199
7:09 Solving literal equations (1) 202
7:10 Solving literal equations (2) 204
7:11 Solving problems with formulas 207
Fun spot 7:11 Why are cooks cruel? 210
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 211
Chapter 8 Financial mathematics 217
8:01 Earning money 218
8:02 Extra payments 222
8:03 Wage deductions 226
8:04 Income tax 229
Investigation 8:04 Income tax returns 232
Fun spot 8:04 What is brought to the table,
cut, but never eaten? 233
8:05 Spending money 234
8:06 Ways of paying 243
Fun spot 8:06 The puzzle of the missing dollar 248
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 249
Chapter 9 Coordinate geometry 255
9:01 The distance between two points 256
9:02 The midpoint of an interval 260
9:03 The gradient of an interval 263
GeoGebra activity 9:03 The midpoint,
gradient and length of an interval 268
Investigation 9:03 Gradients and building 268
9:04 Graphing straight lines 269
GeoGebra activity 9:04 Graphing lines
using two points 273
Fun spot 9:04 What is the easiest job
in a watch factory? 274
9:05 The gradient-intercept form of a straight line:
y mx + b 275
Investigation 9:05 What does
y mx + b tell us? 275
GeoGebra activity 9:05 Equations of a line 280
9:06 The equation of a straight line, given point
and gradient 281
9:07 The equation of a straight line, given
two points 283
Fun spot 9:07 Why did the banana go
out with a fig? 286
9:08 Non-linear graphs 287
GeoGebra activity 9:08 Non-linear graphs 290
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 290
Chapter 10 Simultaneous
equations 297
10:01 The graphical method of solution 298
GeoGebra activity 10:01 Simultaneous
equations: The graphical method 302
Fun Spot 10:01 What did the book say
to the librarian? 302
10:02 The algebraic method of solution 303
10:02A Substitution method 303
GeoGebra activity 10:02A Simultaneous
equations: The substitution method 305
10:02B Elimination method 306
GeoGebra activity 10:02B Simultaneous
equations: The elimination method 308
10:03 Using simultaneous equations to
solve problems 309
Investigation 10:03 Solving problems by
guess and check 311
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 312
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Contents
Chapter 11 Similarity 316
11:01 Similar figures 317
GeoGebra activity 11:01 Similarity 321
Investigation 11:01 Drawing enlargements
and reductions 321
11:02 Finding unknown sides of similar figures 322
Investigation 11:02 Photo enlargements 326
11:03 Similar triangles 327
11:03A Matching angles 327
11:03B Ratios of matching sides 329
GeoGebra activity 11:03 Similar triangles 333
11:04 Using proportion to find unknown sides 334
GeoGebra activity 11:04 Finding an
unknown side in similar triangles 338
11:05 Scale drawings 339
11:05A Calculating real sizes from a
scale drawing 340
11:05B Making a scale drawing 342
Fun spot 11:05 What happened to the
mushroom that was double parked? 345
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 346
Chapter 12 Factorising algebraic
expressions 352
12:01 Factorising using common factors: A review 353
12:02 Factorising by grouping in pairs 354
12:03 Factorising using the difference of two squares 356
Challenge 12:03 The difference of
two cubes 357
12:04 Factorising quadratic trinomials 358
Fun spot 12:04 How much logic do you have? 359
12:05 Factorising further quadratic trinomials 360
12:06 Factorising: Miscellaneous types 364
Fun spot 12:06 What did the caterpillar
say when it saw the butterfly? 365
12:07 Simplifying algebraic fractions:
Multiplication and division 366
12:08 Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions 369
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 372
Chapter 13 Trigonometry 377
13:01 Right-angled triangles 378
13:02 Similar right-angled triangles: the ratio of sides 380
GeoGebra activity 13:02 Investigating
the ratio of sides of similar right-angled
triangles 382
13:03 Trigonometric ratios 383
13:04 Trig ratios and the calculator 387
Investigation 13:04 The exact values for
the trig ratios 30, 60 and 45 390
13:05 Finding an unknown side 391
GeoGebra activity 13:05 Using the trig
ratios to find a side 395
13:06 Finding an unknown angle 396
GeoGebra activity 13:06 Using the trig
ratios to find an angle 398
13:07 Simplifying algebraic fractions:
Multiplication and division 399
13:08 Three-dimensional problems 404
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 407
Chapter 14 Statistics 412
14:01 Review of statistics 413
Investigation 14:01 Adding and averaging 421
14:02 Cumulative frequency 422
14:03 Measures of spread: Interquartile range 432
Fun spot 14:03 Why did the robber flee
from the music store? 437
14:04 Box plots 438
Investigation 14:04 Code breaking
and statistics 441
14:05 Comparing sets of data 442
Investigation 14:05 The ageing population 448
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 449
Chapter 15 Proportion 457
15:01 Review of rates 458
15:02 Direct proportion 461
15:03 Graphing direct proportion 466
Investigation 15:03 Proportional ups
and downs! 470
15:04 Inverse proportion 471
Investigation 15:04 Graphing inverse
proportion 475
Fun spot 15:04 How do poets write
upside down? 476
15:05 Distancetime graphs 476
15:05A Linear graphs: A review 476
15:05B Non-linear graphs 482
Challenge 15:05 Rolling down an
inclined plane 487
15:06 Relating graphs to physical phenomena 488
Challenge 15:06 Curves and stopping
distances 496
Fun spot 15:06 What do you call a
snowman in the sun? 497
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments 498
Answers 505
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Australian
Signpost Mathematics
New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
The Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales series has been completely updated to comprehensively cover
the NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum. Students and teachers are supported with a Student Book, an eBook, a
Homework Program and a Teacher Companion for each stage of development. Features within each component, along with
additional resources on the eBook, allow the creation of a personalised learning package for the individual. Improvements in
technology, teaching resources and design allow students and teachers to approach the NSW Syllabus with confidence.
Student Book
The Aust ralian Signpost Mat hemat ics New
Sout h Wales 9 St ages 5.15.2 and
Aust ralian Signpost Mat hemat ics New
Sout h Wales 9 St ages 5.15.3 learning
package addresses Stage 5 of the NSW
Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum.
This new series continues the Signpost
tradition of expanding students ability
in a broad range of mathematical skills
while emphasising problem-solving and
working mathematically.
Homework Program
The Homework Program consists of
tear-out worksheets that mirror and
supplement the content of the student
book, providing opportunity for further
practice and application of key skills.
Teacher Companion
The Teacher Companion is an invaluable
resource that provides guidance and
support to teachers using the Australian
Signpost Mathematics New South
Wales package. It is a practical resource
featuring teaching strategies, activities,
reference to Stage 5 outcomes and
content statements, and links to digital
learning materials.
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Pearson eBook 3.0
Any device, every school
Aust ralian Signpost Mat hemat ics New Sout h
Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3 eBook 3.0 lets you use
the Student Book online or offline on any
device. It allows students to independently
work through each exercise, linking to a
range of technological applications designed
specifically for Signpost users. The eBook
will engage students while consolidating
learning and providing opportunities for
increased depth of understanding.
We believe in learning.
All kinds of learning for all kinds of people,
delivered in a personal style.
Because wherever learning flourishes, so do people.
Browse and buy at pearson.com.au.
Access your content at pearsonplaces.com.au.
PearsonDigital
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Features of the Student Book
- o complele yeor`s work wilh full coveroge
of lhe NSW Syllobus for lhe luslrolion
0urriculum
- o flexible slruclure wilh corefully groded
exercises, colour-coded lo indicole level
of difficully
- lechnologicol opplicolions wilh 0eo0ebro
oclivilies ond Peorson eBook 3.O resources
- inlegrolion of o brood ronge of
molhemolicol skills, exponding sludenls`
obilily lo solve problems, work
molhemolicolly ond invesligole
- diognoslic lesls, chopler reviews ond
cumulolive revision componenls for
everychopler
Chapter opener pages
summarise the key content
and present the content
statements addressed in
each chapter. Features
within each exercise such
as GeoGebra activities,
Fun spots and Investigations
are listed here.
Prep quizzes review
important skills and
knowledge that students
will need to complete
an exercise.
Worked examples
take students through key
processes with step-by-
step demonstrations of
questions similar to those
they will encounter.
Well-graded exercises
indicate each questions
level of difficulty.
2 Foundation
7 Stages 5.15.3 level
12 Extension
GeoGebra activities
provide a deeper
understanding of concepts
covered within the
exercise while providing
the opportunity to
integrate ICT into the
classroom.
Investigations
encourage students to seek
knowledge and develop
research skills. The
investigative tasks provide
opportunities for students
to interpret, question,
model and communicate
mathematically.
ALGEBRA
3
Contents
3:01 Addition and subtraction in algebra
3:02 Multiplication in algebra
3:03 Division in algebra
3:04 Simplifying algebraic fractions
3:04A Addition and subtraction
3:04B Multiplication and division
3:05 Grouping symbols
Investigation 3:05 Checking algebraic
simplification by substitution
3:06 Simplifying expressions with grouping symbols
3:07 Factorising using common factors
Fun spot 13:07 In the theatre, when do you tell
someone to break a leg?
Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments
Syllabus references (See page xiii for details.)
Number and Algebra
Selections from Algebraic Techniques [Stage 5 (5.2 pathway)]
Simplity algebraic expressions involving the tour operations. [Stage 4|
Apply the distributive lav to the expansion ot algebraic expressions, including binomials, and collect like terms
vhere appropriate. (ACMNA213)
Apply the tour operations to simple algebraic tractions vith numerical denominators. (ACMNA232)
lactorise algebraic expressions by taking out a common algebraic tactor. (ACMNA230)
Working Mathematically
Problem Solving Peasoning Lnderstanding lluency Communicating
Can you crack the code, Mr. X?
135 5 Area, surface area and volume
5:05 Volume of prisms, cylinders
and composite solids
The prism shown has been made from layers of cubes.
Each cube has a volume of 1cm3.
1 How many cubes are there in each layer?
2 How many layers are there?
3 Calculate the volume of the prism by counting cubes.
4 How could the answers to Questions 1 and 2, be used to
calculate the volume?
5 The cross-sectional area, A, has been
shaded purple.What is the value of A?
6 What is the height, h, of the prism?
7 What is the value of Ah?
8 Are the answers to Questions 1 and 5 the same?
9 Are the answers to Questions 2 and 6 the same?
10 Are the answers to Questions 3 and 7 the same?
The prep quiz should have reminded you that for solids with a uniform cross-section, such as
prisms and cylinders, the following relationships are true.
1he number ot cubic units in each layer is the same as the cross-sectional area, A.
1he number ot layers is the same as the height ot the prism, h.
1he volume ot the prism obtained by counting the cubic units is the same as the product Ah.
The exercise above suggests two ways in which the volume could be calculated.
Volume (number of cubic units in each layer) (number of layers)
or
Volume (area of cross-section, A) (height of prism, h)
It is the second of these methods that is the most widely applicable.
The volume of all prisms, cylinders and
prism-like solids is given by the formula
V Ah
where:
V volume
A cross-sectional area
h height of the prism.
A
h
T
PREP QUIZ 5:05
3
3
5
This loaf of bread is like a
prism. It can be thought of
as a series of identical
layers of equal volume.
5
p y
Each cube has a volume of 1cm3.
un
ross
h.
nits
cou
of l
abl
f o
t ca
erie
of
1 How many cubes are th s are there in each la each layer?
2 How many ow many layers are there re there? h
33 Calculate the late the e the m b m by by by cou ounting cubes.
444 HHo ons ns 111 annd 2, be used to
amme ee?
me e? e??
e??
dss w wwith h a
ue..
ass the ccr t
e ppr ri rism m,
cub ubbicc uun
vollu uume e c
num mmb mberr o
rism m, m, m, h)
wide delllyyy ap applica
in ind inde der der ers rs a s an annd de
y t y th th the he f he fo for for form rmul ula y th
s-se s-se -secti ecti ectio ti tion onn i aal al a l are area
he hei heigh heigh height eight o ght of t of th of th f the he prism prism.
h
This loaf
prism. It
as a se
layers
5:05
Volume of
and comp
The prism shown has been made from la
Each cube has a volume of 1 cm
3
.
1 How many cubes are there in each la
2 How many layers are there?
3 Calculate the volume of the prism by
4 How could the answers to Questions
l l h l ?
T
PREP QUIZ 5:05
378 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Trigonometry is a branch of geometry
that is very important in fields such as
navigation, surveying, engineering,
astronomy and architecture. Basic
trigonometry is used to find unknown
sides and angles in right-angled triangles.
The word trigonometry is actually
derived from two Greek words: trigonon
(triangle) and metron (measurement).
13:01 Right-angled triangles
Before introducing trigonometry, we need to be aware of some
further information concerning right-angled triangles.
From Pythagoras theorem, we know that the longest side in a
right-angled triangle is called the hypotenuse.The other two sides
also have names that refer to one of the acute angles in the triangle.
The side farthest from the angle is the opposite side, and the side
next to the angle is the adjacent side.
Name the sides in these two right-angled triangles with reference to the angle marked.
a
BC opposite side
AB adjacent side
AC hypotenuse
b
XY opposite side
XZ adjacent side
YZ hypotenuse
Find the value of these ratios in APQR.
a
Side opposite angle
Hypotenuse
R
Side opposite angle R 4
Hypotenuse 5
. Ratio 4
5
b
Side opposite angle
Side adjacent to angle
Q
Q
Side opposite angle Q 3
Side adjacent to angle Q 4
. Ratio 3
4
A
C B
opposite
adjacent
hypotenuse
WORKED EXAMPLE 1
A
C
B
X
Z
Y
WORKED EXAMPLE 2
5
4
3
Q P
R
Trigonometry is a branch of geometry
that is very important in fi rtant in fields such as elds such as
s
d.
Sid i l R Sid i l Q
cen
hy
navigation, su ion, surveying, engineering, gg
astron stronomy and nd archit architecture architecture. itecture. Basic Basic
trigonomet nometry metry i etry is used to find unknown
sides sides a ides and s and angles in right-angled triangles.
TTh The word trigonometry is actually
derived from two Greek words: trigonon
(triangle) and metron (measurement).
13:01 Right-angled tr ria ian an an an anng ng ng ng ng ng ggggggg ianng ng ng ng gle le es es llll
Before introducing trigonometry, we need to be aware of some
further information concerning right-angled triangles.
From Pythagoras theorem, we know that the longest side in a
right-angled triangle is called the hypotenuse.The other two sides
also have names that refer to one of the acute angles in the triangle.
The side farthest from the angle is the opposite side, and the side
next to the angle is the adjacent side.
Name the sides in these two right-angled triangles with reference to the angle le mmar arked
a
BC opposite side
AB adjacent side adja
AC A hypotenuse
b
XY opposite side
XZ adjacent side
YZ hypotenuse
Find the value of these rati atios in os in APQR R.
AA
BB
opposite
adj djac
WORKED EXAMPLE 1
A
C
B
X
Z
Y
WORKE ORKED RKED E KED EX KED EX ED EX ED EX ED EX D EX D EX EX EX EXXX D EXAMPLE AMPLE AMPLE 2 AMPLE 2 AMPLE 2 AMPLE 2 MPLE 2 MPLE 2 MPLE 2 PLE PLE 2 LE 2 LE 2 LE 2 E 2 E 2 22 AMPL AMPLE 2 AMPL AMP 2 AM AM AMPLE AAA
5
4
333
Q P
R
BC opposite side
AB adjacent side
AC hypotenuse
Find the value of these ratios in APQR.
a
Side opposite angle
Hypotenuse
R
Side opposite angle R 4
Hypotenuse 5
. Ratio
4
5
WORKED EXAMPLE 2
406 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
4 The figure drawn is a triangular prism where KL 1 LP.
Also KL 5cm, KN 13cm and ZKPL 15.
a Find the following lengths to the nearest millimetre.
i KP ii LP iii PM iv PN
b Find the size of the following angles to the nearest degree.
i ZKPN ii ZMPN
5 ABCDE is a rectangular pyramid with AB 8cm and
BC 6cm.The point O is the centre of the rectangular
base and the triangular face EBC makes an angle of 60
with the rectangular base as shown.
a Find the lengths correct to two decimal places, where
necessary.
i OE ii EN iii EM iv EB
b Find correct to the nearest degree the size of:
i ZENO ii ZOBE
6 A flagpole stands at one corner P of a level square
field PQRS, each side of which is 120m long. If the angle
of elevation of the top of the pole from Q is 1319, find:
a the height of the flagpole (to the nearest centimetre)
b its angle of elevation from R.
7 A monument is erected on top of a building.The top
of the monument is 150m above the ground. From
a point, A, due south of the monument, the angle of
elevation of the top of the monument is 16. From
a point B that is due east of the monument, the angle
of elevation is 10. If A and B are on level ground,
find the distance from A to B to the nearest metre.
8 From a viewing platform at the top of a building 110m high the angles of depression of two
points A and B are 28 and 17 respectively. If is due east of the viewing position and B is
due south of it and both are on level ground find the distance to the nearest metre.
9 A right hexagonal pyramid has base
edges of 9cm and a height of 12cm.
Find:
a the angle one of the slant edges
makes with the base. (e.g. ZOAP
b the angle one of the triangular
faces makes with the base
(e.g. ZOMP).
M O
N
P L
K
B
M
C
E
A N
D
O
60
8cm
6 cm
P
Q
R
S
120 m
120 m
1319
A B
150 m
16 10
D
C
M
B
6 A flagpole stands at one corner P of a level square P
field PQRS each side of which is 120m long If the If t angle
1
sion
40 40 40 40 406 066 40 06 4444444 Australian Signpost Mathematics Ne
field PQRS, each side of which is 120m long. If the long. If the angle
of elevation of the top of the pole from from Q is 13 Q 19, find: nd:
a the height of the flagpole le (to t (to the neares ares est centimetre) t centimetre) t centimetre) centimetr
b its angle of elevation fr on from R.
777777 A m A mon A monum monument is erected on top of a building.The top
of of the monument is 150m above the ground. From
a point, A, due south of the monument, the angle of
elevation of the top of the monument is 16. From
a point B that is due east of the monument, the angle B
of elevation is 10. If A and B are on level ground, B
find the distance from A to B to the nearest metre. B
8 From a viewing platform at the top of a building 110m high the anglee e ss o s oof de depressi
points A and B are 28 B and 17 r
due south of it and both are on l
9 A right hexagonal pyramid has b
edges of 9cm and a height of 12
Find:
a the angle one of the slant edge
makes with the base. (e.g. ZOA
b the angle one of the triangular
faces makes with the base
(e.g. ZOMP). PP
PP
Q
S
1319
A
150m
16
i ZKPN ii ZMPN
5 ABCDE is a rectangular pyramid with AB
BC 6 cm.The point O is the centre of the
base and the triangular face EBC makes an a
with the rectangular base as shown.
a Find the lengths correct to two decimal p
necessary.
i OE ii EN iii EM
b Find correct to the nearest degree the size
i ZENO ii ZOBE
6 A flagpole stands at one corner P of a level s
field PQRS, each side of which is 120 m lon
of elevation of the top of the pole from Q is
a the height of the flagpole (to the nearest c
b its angle of elevation from R.
147 5 Area, surface area and volume
Click and drag points to change the cross-sectional shape of a prism and then calculate the
volume of the prism.Tick a checkbox to check the answer.
area
the amount ot space inside a tvo-
dimensional shape
units ot area:
square millimetre (mm2)
square centimetre (cm2)
square metre (m2)
hectare (ha)
square kilometre (km2)
tormulas are used to calculate the area ot
the common plane figures
capacity
the amount ot tluid that can be held by
a container
units ot capacity:
litre (L)
millilitre (mL)
kilolitre (kL)
composite figure
a tigure that is tormed by joining simple
figures

cross-section
the shape on the tace vhere
a solid has been sliced
cylinder
a prism-like solid vith a
circular cross-section
it has tvo circular ends and a curved surtace
prism
a solid that has two identical
ends joined by rectangular taces
cross-sections parallel to the
ends are identical to the ends
surface area
the sum ot the areas ot the taces (or
surfaces) of a three-dimensional figure
(or solid)
volume
the amount ot space inside a three-
dimensional shape
units ot volume:
cubic centimetre (cm3)
cubic metre (m3)
tormulas are used to calculate the volume
of common solids (three-dimensional
shapes)
GEOGEBRA ACTIVITY 5:06 VOLUME OF A PRISM
MATHS TERMS 5
rectangle
trapezium semicircle
rectangle
cross-section
ea
curv
ces
aces
nal
thr
e th
men
cr
5 Area, surface are
aar are area area rea rea area ea aa
the amount ot space inside a tvo-
dimensional shape
units ot area:
square millimetre (mm2)
square centimetre (cm2)
square metre (m2)
hectare (ha)
square kilometre (km2)
tormulas are used to calculate the area ot
the common plane figures
capacity
the amount ot tluid that can be held by
a container
units ot capacity:
litre (L)
millilitre (mL)
kilolitre (kL)
composite figure
a tigure that is tormed by joining simple
figures
cross ss-se -s -sect cti tio io ion on on nn ion on
the shape on sh on nn thee tace vhere
a solid has be be eeen en sl sliced
cylinder er
a prism-like - sol olid id d vi vith a
circular cross cr -seccti tio ion
it has tvo circular ci en ennds e and an a d c
prism
a solid that hhas two iid de dentic ic a al
ends joined by rectang ngu gu ular r tac
cross-sections parallel t tooo a the he
ends are identical to thhee en al dds
surface area
the sum ot the areas ott th th he ttac
surfaces) of a three-dimme en ensiioon
(or solid)
volume
the amount ot space in ins ns nside de t a
dimensional shape
units ot volume:
cubic centimet tim re (c (cm cm cm3))
cubic metre (m3)))
tormulas are us used ed ed too calculate
of commonn so n so solids ds (three-dim
shapes)
MMMA MAT MAT MATH MATH MATH ATHS ATHS ATHS ATHS THS T THS T HS TE HS TE HS TE S TER S TER S TERM TERM TERM ERM S T S TE ERM ERM THS RM RM TERRM M MMSSSSS 5 S 5 S 5 S 5 S 55
rectangle
trapezium semicircle
rectangle
Click and drag points to change the cro
volume of the prism.Tick a checkbox
GEOGEBRA ACTIVITY 5:06
Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
10 a If =
10
cos 60
x
, find the value of x.
b If a 3 sin40 + 4 cos 30, find the value of a correct to 3 decimal places.
c By substituting values for A and B, find if sin A + sin B sin(A + B).
d If sin A 1
2 and sin B 1
3 find A + B.
e Jim thinks that if you double the size of an angle you double its sine, that is
sin2A 2 sin A. Is Jim correct?
AABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2 units. AD is perpendicular to BC.
1 Copy the diagram and write in the size of BD and ZBAD.
2 Using Pythagoras theorem, calculate the length of AD as a surd.
3 Now, from AABD, write the values of sin, cos and tan for 30
and 60.
ADEF is a right-angled isosceles triangle.The two equal sides are
1 unit in length.

Trigonometry
is used in many
branches of
science.
INVESTIGATION 13:04 THE EXACT VALUES FOR THE TRIG RATIOS
30, 60 AND 45
2
A
B C D
2
60
1
1
F
D E
4 Why is ZEDF equal to 45?
5 What is the length of DF
as a surd?
6 Write the values of sin 45,
cos 45 and tan45.
Leave your answers in
surd form. Do not approximate.
sin60
3
2
, sin 30
1
2
cos 60
1
2
, cos 30
3
2
tan60 3, tan 30
1
3
sin 45
1
2

cos 45
1
2
tan45 1
60
30
3 2
1
45
2
1
1
and 60 .
ADEF is a right-angled isosceles triangle.The two equal sid two equal si es are F
met
n m
s o
B
60
r a
ot
45
s 45
n45
es s 5 es 5 s 55. 55.1 5.1 1 5.1 1 1 15 5 5 5. 5. 5.3 5.3 5.3 s 55 .3 es 33 5
1 unit in length.
TTr rigon onom r
is s use sed in is
bran nches
sci cience.
FF 44 WWhy is ZEDF F equal to equal to 4 equal to 4 FF
555 Wh What i What i
Leave your
su urd form. Do n
sin
cos
tan
1
b If a 3 sin 40 + 4 cos 30, find t
c By substituting values for A and
d If sin A
1
2
and sin B
1
3
find A
e Jim thinks that if you double the
sin 2A 2 sin A. Is Jim correct
AABC is an equilateral triangle of side
1 Copy the diagram and write in th
2 Using Pythagoras theorem, calcul
3 Now, from AABD, write the value
and 60.
ADEF is a right-angled isosceles trian
1 unit in length.
INVESTIGATION 13:04
4 Wh i Z
HOW TO USE THE STUDENT BOOK
The Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3 leorning pockoge
covers Sloge 5 oulcomes of lhe NSW Syllobus for lhe luslrolion 0urriculum.
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Challenge activities
provide more difficult
questions and
investigations. They can be
used to help students with
a stronger understanding
extend their knowledge.
Fun spots provide
amusement and interest
while reinforcing concepts
learnt within the chapter.
They encourage creativity
and divergent thinking,
and show that
mathematics is enjoyable.
Diagnostic tests at
the end of each chapter
test students achievement
of outcomes. Importantly,
they also indicate student
weaknesses that need to
be addressed and provide
links to the relevant
sections in the text or
digital resources.
Assignments are
provided at the end
of each chapter. They
concentrate on revising
the content of previous
chapters and developing
students ability to work
mathematically.
Foundation and
Challenge worksheets
are indicated in the
student book wherever a
worksheet is available on
the eBook. Foundation
worksheets provide
alternative exercises for
consolidation of the fundamental content
of the work being introduced. Challenge
worksheets help students apply their learning
in more advanced activities.
Pearson digital resources
A vast range of technology applications are
available with the eBook and ProductLink
to complement the content presented in the
student book. Digital resources include
activities, appendices, and Foundation and
Challenge worksheets. From the eBook,
students can also link directly to the
GeoGebra activities referred to in the
student book exercises.
125 5 Area, surface area and volume
15 A marquee is in the shape of
a pentagonal prism. Use the
dimensions shown to calculate the surface
area. (There is no floor.)

24m
11m 16m
3m
Use a 3D view and the net of a prism to calculate its surface area.Tick a checkbox to show the
solution. Click and drag points to change the dimensions of the prism.
5:03 Surface area of a cylinder
In all of the solids encountered so far the faces have been plane figures such as squares, rectangles,
triangles and trapeziums.
With the cylinder, this is no longer the case.The cylinders surface area is made up of a curved
surface and two circles.
Cylinders are like
circular prisms.
GEOGEBRA ACTIVITY 5:02 SURFACE AREA OF A RECTANGULAR PRISM
The eBook and ProductLink aims to create
a classroom environment that embraces
mathematical technologies in a way that
consolidates and extends student learning.
487 15 Proportion
When an object is dropped, the torce ot gravity causes
it to increase its speed by about 98ms every second.
(Acceleration due to gravity is approximately 98ms per second.)
When a ball rolls dovn an inclined plane the acceleration
vill be much less.
inclined plane
tape measure
angle of inclination
1his investigation involves tinding the acceleration ot a ball (shot put or marble) as it rolls dovn
0), then the tormula tor its motion is:
Steps
1 Make a long inclined plane (over 2m long) vith an
angle ot inclination ot about 10.
2 Lse a stopvatch to time the ball as it rolls 03, 1,
13 and 2m dovn the inclined plane. Complete
the table belov as you go.
s 05 1 15 2
t
t2
3 Plot s against t and drav the curve ot best tit.
4 Plot s against t 2 (s on the vertical axis and t 2 on the
horizontal axis).
5 Drav the line ot best tit.1he gradient ot this line (rise
divided by run) vill be an approximation to 1
2 a. Double
the gradient to tind a. (It triction vere not present, the
acceleration ot the ball vould be 98sin , vhere is the
angle ot inclination ot the inclined plane.)
CHALLENGE 15:05 ROLLING DOWN AN INCLINED PLANE
1
2
0 t
s
1
2
0 t2
s
r m
:
ngle of inclination
on ot a ball (shot put or
ormula tor its motion is:
h an annn
e
e
the he
11
2
00
s
11
22
0
ss
When an object is dropped, the to
it to increase its speed by about 98
(Acceleration due to gravity is app
When a ball rolls dovn an inclined
vill be much less.
inclined plane
CHALLENGE 15:05 R
134 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.2
Answer each question and write the letter for that question in the box above the correct answer.
A 72 + 62 E + 5 12 2 2 H 92 42
T 13 5 2 2 H
+ 20 10
5
A
20 10
5
Complete the following.
W 35m cm A 20000m2 ha
E 07cm mm H 8700kg t
N 007L mL T 05min s
C 1t g D 1g mg
I 1cm2 mm2 E 2cm3 mm3
A rectangular prism has dimensions of 3, 4 and 5.
E What is the volume of the prism?
W What is the surface area of the prism?
Figures A, B and C have been formed by cutting
rectangular pieces from a rectangle that is
30cm long and 18cm wide.
Find the perimeter of: Find the area of:
O Figure A E Figure A
T Figure B S Figure B
W Figure C V Figure C
A
7
8
10
10
B
8
8
12 7 C
5 5
8
8
7
22
106
871318167
39285
3501265
390
96
10 6
6027015309414
334
2000
10 3
40
1206
10 2
10
FUN SPOT 5:03 HOW DID THE BOY KNOW HE HAD AN AFFINITY WITH
THE SEA?
Calculate the area of each pentagon below.
2
4
3
H
4
3
3
I
6
2
2
M
2
2
6
N
3
2
4
A
Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.2
These questions reflect the important skills introduced in this chapter.
Errors made will indicate areas of weakness.
Each weakness should be treated by going back to the section listed.
1 Find the area of each of the following figures.
a b c
5:01
2 Find the area of each of the following composite figures.
(Where necessary, answer correct to two decimal places.)
a b c
5:02
3 Calculate the surface area of the following prisms.
a b c
5:03
4 Calculate the surface areas of these cylinders.
a b c
5:04
Find the volume of the following rectangular prisms.
c
5:05
Find the volume of the following triangular prisms.
c
5:05
DIAGNOSTIC TEST 5 AREA, SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
Th
D
12cm
5 cm
25 cm
O
8 cm
6 cm
2 m
2m
2 m
10 cm
5 m
8m
8m
4 m
73 m
46 m
21 m
2 cm
3 cm
5cm
4cm
6 cm
6cm
12cm
36 m
12 m
82 m
82m
65m
86 cm
114 cm
146 cm
77 cm
5.2
10cm
6c
12
82
11
7c
s s 9 s 9 9 9 S 9 S 9 S 9 St St St 99 St St t St taaag ag agges es ges 5 5.15 ag a 5
3 Calculate the surface surface area of the followin wing prisms. g
a b c
ers. s.
c
ms. s.
c
cc
221 21
2cm
m
5cm
m
1
7
These questions reflect the important ski
Errors made will indicate areas of weakn
Each weakness should be treated by goin
1 Find the area of each of the followin
a b
2 Find the area of each of the followin
(Where necessary, answer correct to
a b
DIAGNOSTIC TEST 5 AR
T
D
12 cm
5 cm
81 3 Algebra
ASSIGNMENT3B Working mathematically
1 Use ID Card 4 on page xvii to give the
mathematical term for:
a 1 b 2 c 3
d 4 e 5 f 6
g 7 h 8 i 9
j 11
2 a What geometric
shape has inspired
the design of this
coffee cup?
b What would you estimate the capacity
of the cup to be?
3 Diane and Garry married and had three
children. Each child married and had three
children. Assuming that no one has died,
how many people are now in this extended
family altogether?
4 The numerals 1 to 10 are written on ten
separate cards, one on each card.
a How many pairs of cards have a sum
of 10?
b How many groups of three cards are
there that have a sum of 18?
5 A particular countrys exports are shown in
the bar graph below (reduced in size). Find
what percentage of the countrys exports
are taken up by:
a beef
b minerals.
wheat beef wool
minerals
4cm 5 mm
10cm or 100 mm
6
a In 1861, which state had the greatest number per 10000 children that could read and
write? What percentage was this?
b In 1921, which state had the greatest percentage of children that could read and write?
What percentage was this?
c Which state had 4000 per 10000 children that could read and write in 1861? About how
many in that state could not read in 1861?
d Consider Western Australia in 1861. Approximately what percentage could read and write?
Approximately what percentage could not read? (To determine this, measure the height of
this column and measure this height on the scale.)
1861 1921 1861 1921 1861 1921 1861 1921 1861 1921 1861 1921
NSW Vic
Qld
SA
WA Tas
000 per 10 000 children
Can read and write
Cannot read
Source: 1861 and 1921 Censuses
Education of children, ages 5 to 14
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
94 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.2
If each possible outcome is equally likely, then:
Probability of an event, P(E)
n( )
n( )
E
s
where n(E) number of ways the event can occur
n(S) number of ways all events can occur
(S is used to represent the sample space, which is the set of possible outcomes.)
The probability of any event occurring must lie in the range 0 s P(E) s 1.
It must be pointed out that the probabilities of each possible event must add up to 1.
As a consequence of this, if the probability of an event occurring is P(E), then the
probability of E not
occurring
E is set notation for the complement of ; those outcomes outside of E. For example:
1he complementary event tor rolling an number on a dice is rolling an odd number.
1he complement ot draving a card trom a standard pack ot cards is draving a black card.
Exercise 4:03
1 A single dice is rolled.What is the probability of getting:
a a one b an even number c a number less than 3?
2 Ten coloured discs are placed in a hat. Five are red, three are yellow and two are black.
If one disc is drawn from the hat, what is the probability that the disc will be:
a red b black c red or black
d not black e blue f red, yellow or black?
3 For each event given here, write the complementary
event.
a Rolling an odd number on a dice.
b Getting a tail when a coin is tossed.
c Rolling a number less than 6 on a dice.
d Drawing a spade from a standard pack of cards.
e Seeing red displayed on a traffic light that is working.
f Winning a soccer match.
g Choosing a vowel from the letters of the alphabet.
Foundation worksheet 4:03
Theoretical probability
Challenge worksheet 4:03
Probability: An unusual case
What is the
complement
of winning?
mes.
le:
num
bla
2 Ten coloured discs are placed in a hat. Five are red, three are yellow and two are blac
orksh
obab
kshe
n unu
If each possible outcome is equally likely ely, then: , th
Probability of an event, P( P(E)
n( )))))
n( )
EEEE
s
where n(E) number of ways the event can occu ccur
n(S) number of ways all events can occurr
(S is used to represent the sample space, which is the se set of poss ssi sib sib ibl ble le lee o oouut utccom m co u S
The probability of any event occurring must lie in the r range 0 sss PPP((((EEEE)) sss 1.
It must be pointed out that the probabilities of each possible event must add upp t tto 11.
As a consequence o E), then t , th he e
probability of E no
rring
EE is set notation fo f E. Foor r r exa xamp
1he complemen rollingg aaan od odd n
1he compleme e com n ds is d dra raavin ing a b
Exe Exe Exe Exer Exer Exerc xerc xerc xerc xerci xerci xercis ercis ercis ercise ercise rcise rcise rcise rcise rcise cise ise ise see Exe Exxercise ise Ex se Ex Exerc EE 4:03 4:03 4 03 4:03 4:03 :03 4:03 0 4:0 4:0 4:03 4: 4:
1 A single dice dice is rolled.Wh is rolle at is the prob e prob bability of get of get ability of get ability of getting: ting: ting: g
a a one b an even numbe n numberr ccc a number less l h than 3??
2 T l d di pl d i h t Fi d th ll d t b
Fouuunnd nddaattion wo FFo ounda
TTTThhe eeeoore reet etical pro ore Theo T
CChhha aal lle le en nge work C al e Cha
PPPr Pro roob ob ba baaab ability: An PP ob
ess than 3?
ellow and two are black.
he disc will be:
k
bl k?
Foundation worksheet 4:03
Theoretical probability
Challenge worksheet 4:03
Probability: An unusual case
How to use the Student Book
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Working Mathematically lencompossing lhe five componenls, Communicating, Problem Solving,
Reasoning, Understanding ond FluencyI is on inlegrol porl of lhe slruclure of eoch chopler.
Speciol ollenlion is given lo Working Molhemolicolly in 0hopler 2 of lhis Sludenl Book ond ol lhe
end of eoch chopler of oll Yeor ond 1O Sludenl Books.
Working Mathematically
l sludenl.
> uses oppropriole lerminology, diogroms ond symbols in molhemolicol conlexls

MA5.1-1WM
> selecls oppropriole nololions ond convenlions lo communicole molhemolicol ideos ond solulions MA5.2-1WM
> uses ond inlerprels formol definilions ond generolisolions when exploining solulions ond/or con|eclures MA5.3-1WM
> selecls ond uses oppropriole slrolegies lo solve problems MA5.1-2WM
> inlerprels molhemolicol or reol-life siluolions, syslemolicolly opplying oppropriole slrolegies lo solve problems MA5.2-2WM
> generolises molhemolicol ideos ond lechniques lo onolyse ond solve problems efficienlly MA5.3-2WM
> provides reosoning lo supporl conclusions lhol ore oppropriole lo lhe conlexl MA5.1-3WM
> conslrucls orgumenls lo prove ond |uslify resulls MA5.2-3WM
> uses deduclive reosoning in presenling orgumenls ond formol proofs MA5.3-3WM
Number and Algebra
l sludenl.
> solves finonciol problems involving eorning, spending ond invesling money
> solves finonciol problems involving compound inleresl

MA5.1-4NA
MA5.2-4NA

> recognises direcl ond indirecl proporlion, ond solves problems involving direcl proporlion
> drows, inlerprels ond onolyses grophs of physicol phenomeno
MA5.2-5NA
MA5.3-4NA
> simplifies olgebroic froclions, ond exponds ond foclorises quodrolic expressions
> selecls ond opplies oppropriole olgebroic lechniques lo operole wilh olgebroic expressions
MA5.2-6NA
MA5.3-5NA

> operoles wilh olgebroic expressions involving posilive-inleger ond zero indices, ond esloblishes lhe meoning of
negolive indices for numericol boses
> opplies index lows lo operole wilh olgebroic expressions involving inleger indices
> performs operolions wilh surds ond indices
MA5.1-5NA

MA5.2-7NA
MA5.3-6NA

> solves lineor ond simple quodrolic equolions, lineor inequolilies ond lineor simulloneous equolions, using onolylicol
ond grophicol lechniques
> solves complex lineor, quodrolic, simple cubic ond simulloneous equolions, ond reorronges lilerol equolions
MA5.2-8NA

MA5.3-7NA

> delermines lhe midpoinl, grodienl ond lenglh of on inlervol, ond grophs lineor relolionships
> uses lhe grodienl-inlercepl form lo inlerprel ond groph lineor relolionships
> uses formulos lo find midpoinl, grodienl ond dislonce on lhe 0orlesion plone, ond opplies slondord forms of lhe
equolion of o slroighl line
MA5.1-6NA
MA5.2-9NA
MA5.3-8NA

> grophs simple non-lineor relolionships

> connecls olgebroic ond grophicol represenlolions of simple non-lineor relolionships
> skelches ond inlerprels o voriely of non-lineor relolionships
MA5.1-7NA
MA5.2-10NA

MA5.3-9NA

> recognises, describes ond skelches polynomiols, ond opplies lhe foclor ond remoinder lheorems lo solve problems MA5.3-10NA
#

> uses lhe definilion of o logorilhm lo esloblish ond opply lhe lows of logorilhms MA5.3-11NA
#
> uses funclion nololion lo describe ond skelch funclions MA5.3-12NA
#
TREATMENT OF SYLLABUS CONTENT
The Syllabus outcomes and statements relevonl lo Sloge 5.1-5.3 ore lisled below.
0hoplers where lhe conlenl of eoch Syllobus slolemenl is lreoled ore shown.
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Measurement and Geometry
l sludenl.
> colculoles lhe oreos of composile shopes, ond lhe surfoce oreos of reclongulor ond lriongulor prisms
> colculoles lhe surfoce oreos of righl prisms, cylinders ond reloled compo sile solids
> opplies formulos lo find lhe surfoce oreos of righl pyromids, righl cones, spheres ond reloled composile solids

MA5.1-8MG
MA5.2-11MG
MA5.3-13MG
> opplies formulos lo colculole lhe volumes of composile solids composed of righl prisms ond cylinders
> opplies formulos lo find lhe volumes of righl pyromids, righl cones, spheres ond reloled composile solids
MA5.2-12MG
MA5.3-14MG
> inlerprels very smoll ond very lorge unils of meosuremenl, uses scienlific nololion, ond rounds lo significonl figures MA5.1-9MG
> opplies lrigonomelry, given diogroms, lo solve problems, including problems involving ongles of elevolion
onddepression
> opplies lrigonomelry lo solve problems, including problems involving beorings
> opplies Pylhogoros` lheorem, lrigonomelric relolionships, lhe sine rule, lhe cosine rule ond lhe oreo rule, lo solve
problems, including problems involving lhree dimensions
MA5.1-10MG

MA5.2-13MG

MA5.3-15MG

> describes ond opplies lhe properlies of similor figures ond scole drowings
> colculoles lhe ongle sum of ony polygon ond uses minimum condilions lo prove lriongles ore congruenl or similor
> proves lriongles ore similor, ond uses formol geomelric reosoning lo esloblish properlies of lriongles ond quodrilolerols
MA5.1-11MG
MA5.2-14MG
MA5.3-16MG

> opplies deduclive reosoning lo prove circle lheorems ond lo solve reloled problems MA5.3-17MG
#
Statistics and Probability
l sludenl.
> uses slolislicol disploys lo compore sels of dolo, ond evoluoles slolislicol cloims mode in lhe medio
> uses quorliles ond box plols lo compore sels of dolo, ond evoluoles sources of dolo
> uses slondord deviolion lo onolyse dolo

MA5.1-12SP
MA5.2-15SP

MA5.3-18SP
> invesligoles relolionships belween lwo slolislicol voriobles, including lheir relolionship over lime
> invesligoles lhe relolionship belween numericol voriobles using lines of besl fil, ond explores how dolo is used lo
inform decision-moking processes
MA5.2-16SP
MA5.3-19SP
> colculoles relolive frequencies lo eslimole probobililies of simple ond compound evenls
> describes ond colculoles probobililies in mulli-slep chonce experimenls
MA5.1-13SP
MA5.2-17SP
The NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum has indicated the minimum achievement
of Stage 5 outcomes for students planning to proceed to current Stage 6 mathematics courses.
^ minimum Stage 5 content for students planning to study Preliminary Mathematics
General / HSC Mathematics General 2.
minimum Stage 5 content for students planning to study Mathematics (2 Unit).
# Optional Stage 5.3 substrands. Minimum Stage 5 content for students planning to study
Mathematics Extension 1.
Treatment of syllabus content
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Stages 5.15.3 content
The Sloges 5.1-5.3 conlenl is divided inlo lhree slronds.
- Number ond llgebro
- Meosuremenl ond 0eomelry
- Slolislics ond Probobilily
0onlenl slolemenls ore lisled below wilh lheir luslrolion 0urriculum code or NSW syllobus
reference. The choplers lhol oddress eoch conlenl slolemenl ore shown in lhe righl-hond column.
Number and Algebra (5.1) References Chapter
Financial Mathematics
- Solve problems involving eorning money. NSW lSloge 5.1I 0h 8 lYI
- Solve problems involving simple inleresl. l0MNl211 lSloge 5.1I 0h 8 lYI
- 0onnecl lhe compound inleresl formulo lo repeoled opplicolions of simple inleresl using
oppropriole digilol lechnologies.
l0MNl22 lSloge 5.1
ond5.2I
0h lY1OI
Indices
- Fxlend ond opply lhe index lows lo voriobles, using posilive-inleger indices ond lhe
zeroindex.
l0MNl212 lSloge 5.1I 0h lYI
- Simplify olgebroic producls ond quolienls using index lows. l0MNl231 lSloge 5.1I 0h lYI
- lpply index lows lo numericol expressions wilh inleger indices. l0MNl2O lSloge 5.1I 0h lYI
Linear Relationships
- Find lhe midpoinl ond grodienl of o line segmenl linlervolI on lhe 0orlesion plone using o
ronge of slrolegies, including grophing soflwore.
l0MNl2/ lSloge 5.1I 0h 1O lYI
- Find lhe dislonce belween lwo poinls locoled on lhe 0orlesion plone using o ronge of
slrolegies, including grophing soflwore.
l0MNl21/ lSloge 5.1I 0h 1O lYI
- Skelch lineor grophs using lhe coordinoles of lwo poinls. l0MNl215 lSloge 5.1I 0h 7 lYI
0h 1O lYI
- Solve problems involving porollel ond perpendiculor lines. l0MNl238 lSloge 5.1I 0h 7 lY1OI
Non-linear Relationships
- 0roph simple non-lineor relolions, wilh ond wilhoul lhe use of digilol lechnologies. l0MNl2 lSloge 5.1I 0h 1O lYI
- Fxplore lhe conneclion belween olgebroic ond grophicol represenlolions of relolions
such os simple quodrolics, circles ond exponenliols using digilol lechnologies os
oppropriole.
l0MNl23 lSloge 5.1I 0h 7 lY1OI
Measurement and Geometry (5.1) References Chapters
Area and Surface Area
- 0olculole lhe oreos of composile shopes. l0MM021 lSloge 5.1I 0h 5 lYI
- Solve problems involving lhe surfoce oreos of righl prisms. l0MM0218 lSloge 5.1I 0h 5 lYI
Numbers of Any Magnitude
- nvesligole very smoll ond very lorge lime scoles ond inlervols. l0MM021 lSloge 5.1I 0h 1 lYI
- Fxpress numbers in scienlific nololion. l0MM021O lSloge 5.1I 0h 1 lYI
0h lYI
Right-angled Triangles (Trigonometry)
- Use similorily lo invesligole lhe consloncy of lhe sine, cosine ond longenl rolios for o
given ongle in righl-ongled lriongles.
l0MM0223 lSloge 5.1I 0h 13 lYI
- lpply lrigonomelry lo solve righl-ongled lriongle problems. l0MM022/ lSloge 5.1I 0h 13 lYI
- Solve righl-ongled lriongle problems, including lhose involving ongles of elevolion ond
depression.
l0MM02/5 lSloge 5.1I 0h 13 lYI
Properties of Geometrical Figures
- Use lhe enlorgemenl lronsformolion lo exploin similorily. l0MM022O lSloge 5.1I 0h 11 lYI
- Solve problems using rolio ond scole foclors in similor figures. l0MM0221 lSloge 5.1I 0h 11 lYI
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Treatment of syllabus content
Statistics and Probability (5.1) References Chapters
Single Variable Data Analysis
- denlify everydoy queslions ond issues involving ol leosl one numericol ond ol leosl one
colegoricol vorioble, ond collecl dolo direclly from secondory sources.
l0MSP228 lSloge 5.1I 0h lY1OI
- 0onslrucl bock-lo-bock slem-ond-leof plols ond hislogroms ond describe dolo, using
lerms including `skewed`, `symmelric` ond `bi-modol`.
l0MSP282 lSloge 5.1I 0h 1/ lYI
- 0ompore dolo disploys using meon, medion ond ronge lo describe ond inlerprel
numericol dolo sels in lerms of locolion lcenlreI ond spreod.
l0MSP283 lSloge 5.1I 0h 1/ lYI
- Fvoluole slolislicol reporls in lhe medio ond olher ploces by linking cloims lo disploys,
slolislics ond represenlolive dolo.
l0MSP253 lSloge 5.1I 0h lY1OI
Probability
- 0olculole relolive frequencies from given or collecled dolo lo eslimole probobililies of
evenls involving `ond` or `or`.
l0MSP22 lSloge 5.1I 0h / lYI
Number and Algebra (5.2) References Chapters
Financial Mathematics

- 0onnecl lhe compound inleresl formulo lo repeoled opplicolions of simple inleresl using
oppropriole digilol lechnologies.
l0MNl22 lSloge 5.1
ond5.2I
0h lY1OI
Ratio and Rates
- Solve problems involving direcl proporlion, explore lhe relolionship belween grophs ond
equolions corresponding lo simple role problems.
l0MNl2O8 lSloge 5.2I 0h 15 lYI
Algebraic Techniques
- lpply lhe four operolions lo simple olgebroic froclions wilh numericol denominolors. l0MNl232 lSloge 5.2I 0h 3 lYI
- lpply lhe four operolions lo olgebroic froclions wilh pronumerols in lhe denominolor. NSW lSloge 5.2I 0h 3 lYI
- lpply lhe dislribulive low lo lhe exponsion of olgebroic expressions, including binomiols,
ond collecl like lerms where oppropriole.
l0MNl213 lSloge 5.2I 0h 3 lYI
- Foclorise olgebroic expressions by loking oul o common olgebroic foclor. l0MNl23O lSloge 5.2I 0h 3 lYI
0h 12 lYI
- Fxpond binomiol producls ond foclorise monic quodrolic expressions using o voriely of
slrolegies.
l0MNl233 lSloge 5.2I 0h 12 lYI
Indices
- lpply index lows lo olgebroic expressions involving inleger indices. NSW lSloge 5.2I 0h lYI
Equations
- Solve lineor equolions. l0MNl215 lSloge 5.2I 0h 7 lYI
- Solve lineor equolions involving simple olgebroic froclions. l0MNl2/O lSloge 5.2I 0h 7 lYI
- Solve simple quodrolic equolions using o ronge of slrolegies. l0MNl2/1 lSloge 5.2I 0h 2 lY1OI
- Subslilule volues inlo formulos lo delermine on unknown. l0MNl23/ lSloge 5.2I 0h 7 lYI
- Solve problems involving lineor equolions, including lhose derived from formulos. l0MNl235 lSloge 5.2I 0h 7 lYI
- Solve lineor inequolilies ond groph lheir solulions on o number line. l0MNl23 lSloge 5.2I 0h 7 lYI
- Solve lineor simulloneous equolions, using olgebroic ond grophicol lechniques, including
wilh lhe use of digilol lechnologies.
l0MNl237 lSloge 5.2I 0h lYI
Linear Relationships
- nlerprel ond groph lineor relolionships using lhe grodienl-inlercepl form of lhe equolion
of o slroighl line.
NSW lSloge 5.2I 0h 1O lYI
- Solve problems involving porollel ond perpendiculor lines. l0MNl238 lSloge 5.2I 0h 1O lYI
Non-linear Relationships

- 0roph simple non-lineor relolionships wilh ond wilhoul lhe use of digilol lechnologies
ond solve simple reloled equolions.
l0MNl2 lSloge 5.2I 0h 1O lYI,
0h 7 lY1OI
- Fxplore lhe conneclion belween olgebroic ond grophicol represenlolions of relolionships
such os simple quodrolics, circles ond exponenliols using digilol lechnologies os
oppropriole.
l0MNl23 lSloge 5.2I 0h 7 lY1OI
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Measurement and Geometry (5.2) References Chapters
Area and Surface Area
- 0olculole lhe surfoce oreos of cylinders ond solve reloled problems. l0MM0217 lSloge 5.2I 0h 5 lYI
- Solve problems involving surfoce oreo for o ronge of prisms, cylinders ond composile
solids.
l0MM02/2 lSloge 5.2I 0h 5 lYI,
0h 8 lY1OI
Volume
- Solve problems involving lhe volumes of righl prisms. l0MM0218 lSloge 5.2I 0h 5 lYI
- Solve problems involving volume for o ronge of prisms, cylinders ond composile solids. l0MM02/2 lSloge 5.2I 0h 5 lYI
Right-angled triangles (Trigonometry)

- lpply lrigonomelry lo solve righl-ongled lriongle problems. l0MM022/ lSloge 5.2I 0h 13 lYI
- Solve righl-ongled lriongle problems, including lhose involving direclion ond ongles of
elevolion ond depression.
l0MM02/5 lSloge 5.2I 0h 13 lYI
Properties of Geometrical Figures
- Formulole proofs involving congruenl lriongles ond ongle properlies. l0MM02/3 lSloge 5.2I 0h 3 lY1OI
- Use lhe enlorgemenl lronsformolions lo exploin similorily ond lo develop lhe condilions
for lriongles lo be similor.
l0MM022O lSloge 5.2I 0h 11 lYI
- lpply logicol reosoning, including lhe use of congruence ond similorily, lo proofs ond
numericol exercises involving plone shopes.
l0MM02// lSloge 5.2I 0h 3 lY1OI,
0h 1O lY1OI
Statistics and Probability (5.2) References Chapters
Single Variable Data Analysis

- Delermine quorliles ond inlerquorlile ronge. l0MSP2/8 lSloge 5.2I 0h 1/ lYI

- 0onslrucl ond inlerprel box plols ond use lhem lo compore dolo sels. l0MSP2/ lSloge 5.2I 0h 1/ lYI
- 0ompore shopes of box plols lo corresponding hislogroms ond dol plols. l0MSP25O lSloge 5.2I 0h 1/ lYI
- nvesligole reporls of surveys in digilol medio ond elsewhere for informolion on how dolo
wos obloined lo eslimole populolion meons ond medions.
l0MSP227 lSloge 5.2I 0h lY1OI
Bivariate Data Analysis
- nvesligole ond describe bivoriole numericol dolo where lhe independenl vorioble is lime. l0MSP252 lSloge 5.2I 0h lY1OI
- Use scoller plols lo invesligole ond commenl on relolionships belween lwo numericol
voriobles.
l0MSP251 lSloge 5.2I 0h lY1OI
Probability
- Lisl oll oulcomes for lwo-slep chonce experimenls, wilh ond wilhoul replocemenl, using
lree diogroms or orroys, ossign probobililies lo oulcomes ond delermine probobililies for
evenls.
l0MSP225 lSloge 5.2I 0h / lYI
- Describe lhe resulls of lwo- ond lhree-slep chonce experimenls, wilh ond wilhoul
replocemenl, ossign probobililies lo oulcomes, ond delermine probobililies of evenls,
invesligole lhe concepl of independence.
l0MSP2/ lSloge 5.2I 0h / lY1OI
- Use lhe longuoge of `if ... lhen`, `given`, `of`, `knowing lhol` lo invesligole condilionol
slolemenls ond lo idenlify common mislokes in inlerpreling such longuoge.
l0MSP2/7 lSloge 5.2I 0h / lY1OI
Number and Algebra (5.3) References Chapters
Rates and Ratio
- Solve problems involving direcl proporlion, explore lhe relolionship belween grophs ond
equolions corresponding lo simple role problems.
l0MNl2O8 lSloge 5.3I 0h 15 lYI
Algebraic Techniques

- ldd ond sublrocl olgebroic froclions wilh numericol denominolors, including lhose wilh
binomiol numerolors.
NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 3 lYI
- Fxpond binomiol producls using o voriely of slrolegies. l0MNl233 lSloge 5.3I 0h 3 lYI
0h 12 lYI
- Foclorise monic ond non-monic quodrolic expressions. l0MNl2 lSloge 5.3I 0h 12 lYI
Surds and Indices

- Define rolionol ond irrolionol numbers ond perform operolions wilh surds ond froclionol
indices.
l0MNl2/ lSloge 5.3I 0h lYI,
0h 5 lY1OI
Equations

- Solve complex lineor equolions involving olgebroic froclions. NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 7 lYI
- Solve o wide ronge of quodrolic equolions derived from o voriely of conlexls. l0MNl2 lSloge 5.3I 0h 2 lY1OI
- Solve simple cubic equolions. NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 12 lY1OI
- Reorronge lilerol equolions. NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 7 lYI
- Solve simulloneous equolions, where one equolion is non-lineor, using olgebroic ond
grophicol lechniques, including lhe use of digilol lechnologies.
NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 12 lY1OI
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Treatment of syllabus content
Linear Relationships

- Find lhe midpoinl ond grodienl of o line segmenl linlervolI on lhe 0orlesion plone. l0MNl2/ lSloge 5.3I 0h 1O lYI
- Find lhe dislonce belween lwo poinls locoled on o 0orlesion plone. l0MNl21/ lSloge 5.3I 0h 1O lYI
- Skelch lineor grophs using lhe coordinoles of lwo poinls. l0MNl215 lSloge 5.3I 0h 1O lYI
- Solve problems using vorious slondord forms of lhe equolion of o slroighl line. NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 7 lY1OI
- Solve problems involving porollel ond perpendiculor lines. l0MNl238 lSloge 5.3I 0h lYI,
0h 7 lY1OI
Non-linear Relationships

- Describe, inlerprel ond skelch porobolos, hyperbolos, circles ond exponenliol funclions
ond lheir lronsformolions.
l0MNl27 lSloge 5.3I 0h 7 lY1OI
- Describe, inlerprel ond skelch cubics, olher curves ond lheir lronsformolions. NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 7 lY1OI
Polynomials
#
- nvesligole lhe concepl of o polynomiol ond opply lhe foclor ond remoinder lheorems lo
solve problems.
l0MNl2 lSloge 5.3I 0h 1/ lY1OI
- lpply on underslonding of polynomiols lo skelch o ronge of curves ond describe lhe
feolures of lhese curves from lheir equolions.
l0MNl28 lSloge 5.3I 0h 1/ lY1OI
Logarithms
#
- Use lhe definilion of o logorilhm lo esloblish ond opply lhe lows of logorilhms. l0MNl25 lSloge 5.3I 0h 15 lY1OI
- Solve simple exponenliol equolions. l0MNl27O lSloge 5.3I 0h 15 lY1OI
Functions and Other Graphs
#
- Describe, inlerprel ond skelch funclions. NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 1 lY1OI
Measurement and Geometry (5.3) References Chapters
Area and Surface Area
- Solve problems involving lhe surfoce oreos of righl pyromids, righl cones, spheres ond
reloled composile solids.
l0MM0271 lSloge 5.3I 0h 8 lY1OI
Volume
- Solve problems involving lhe volumes of righl pyromids, righl cones, spheres ond reloled
composile solids.
l0MM0271 lSloge 5.3I 0h 8 lY1OI
Trigonometry and Pythagoras Theorem

- lpply Pylhogoros` lheorem ond lrigonomelry lo solve lhree-dimensionol problems in

righl-ongled lriongles.
l0MM027 lSloge 5.3I 0h 13 lYI
- Use lhe unil circle lo define lrigonomelric funclions, ond groph lhem, wilh ond wilhoul
lhe use of digilol lechnologies.
l0MM027/ lSloge 5.3I 0h 11 lY1OI
- Solve simple lrigonomelric equolions. l0MM0275 lSloge 5.3I 0h 11 lY1OI
- Fsloblish lhe sine, cosine ond oreo rules for ony lriongle ond solve reloled problems. l0MM0273 lSloge 5.3I 0h 11 lY1OI
Properties of Geometrical Figures

- Formulole proofs involving congruenl lriongles ond ongle properlies. l0MM02/3 lSloge 5.3I 0h 3 lY1OI
- lpply logicol reosoning, including lhe use of congruence ond similorily, lo proofs ond
numericol exercises involving plone shopes.
l0MM02// lSloge 5.3I 0h 1O lY1OI
Circle Geometry
#
- Prove ond opply ongle ond chord properlies of circles. l0MM0272 lSloge 5.3I 0h 13 lY1OI
- Prove ond opply longenl ond seconl properlies of circles. NSW lSloge 5.3I 0h 13 lY1OI
Statistics and Probability (5.3) References Chapters
Single Variable Data Analysis
- 0olculole ond inlerprel lhe meon ond slondord deviolion of dolo ond use lhese lo
compore dolo sels.
l0MSP278 lSloge 5.3I 0h lY1OI
Bivariate Data Analysis
- Use informolion lechnologies lo invesligole bivoriole numericol dolo sels, where
oppropriole, sludenls use o slroighl line lo describe lhe relolionship, ollowing for
voriolion.
l0MSP27 lSloge 5.3I 0h lY1OI
- nvesligole reporls of sludies in digilol medio ond elsewhere for informolion on lheir
plonning ond implemenlolion.
l0MSP277 lSloge 5.3I 0h lY1OI
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
DIGITAL RESOURCES
Chapter Drag-and-drop
activities
ProductLink only
Technology activities
Excel (E)ProductLink only
GeoGebra (G)eBook and
ProductLink
Worksheets
Foundation worksheets (F)
Challenge worksheets (C)
eBook and ProductLink
1 Number and
measurement
Molhs lerms 1
0onverling froclions lo
decimols
Simplifying rolios
Roles
Significonl figures
0oldesl lemperolures lFI 1.O/ Decimols ond froclions lFI
1.O7 lpproximolion lFI
1.O8 Fslimolion lFI
2 Working
mathematically
Shoring lhe prize lFI
3 Algebra Molhs lerms 3
lddilion ond sublroclion in
olgebro
Mulliplying ond dividing in
olgebro
lddilion ond sublroclion of
olgebroic froclions
Mulliplicolion ond division of
olgebroic froclions
0rouping symbols
Simplifying expressions wilh
grouping symbols
Foclorising using common
foclors
3.O1 0ollecling like lerms lFI
3.O2 Mulliplying pronumerols lFI
3.O3 llgebroic division lFI
3.O3 llgebroic simplificolions l0I
3.O/l Simplifying olgebroic froclions
l+/I lFI
3.O/B Simplifying olgebroic froclions
l/I lFI
3.O/B llgebroic froclions l0I
3.O5 0rouping symbols lFI
3.O Simplificolions wilh exponsions
lFI
3.O7 Foclorising lFI
4 Probability Molhs lerms /
Rolling lwo dice
Pock of cords
Theorelicol ond experimenlol
probobililies lFI
0honce experimenls lFI
Two-slep chonce experimenls lFI
Rolling o single dice o lorge number of
limes l0I
/.O2 Fxperimenlol probobilily lFI
/.O3 Theorelicol probobilily lFI
/.O3 Probobilily. ln unusuol cose l0I
5 Area, surface
area and
volume
lreos of seclors ond
composile figures
Surfoce oreo of o prism
Surfoce oreo of o cylinder
lreo formulos l0I
lreos of composile figures l0I
Surfoce oreo of o reclongulor prism
l0I
\olume of o prism l0I
5.O2 lreo lFI
5.O3 Surfoce oreo of prisms lFI
5.O \olume of o prism lFI
6 Indices ndex lows
Negolive indices
.O2 The index lows lFI
.O3 Negolive indices lFI
.O/ Scienlific nololion lFI
7 Equations and
inequalities
Molhs lerms 7
Fquolions
Fquolions wilh froclions
Solving inequolilies
Flowchorls lFI
Solving equolions using o spreodsheel
lFI
Fquolions wilh pronumerols on bolh
sides 1 l0I
Fquolions wilh pronumerols on bolh
sides 2 l0I
Fquolions wilh grouping symbols 1 l0I
Fquolions wilh grouping symbols 2 l0I
7.O1 Solving equolions by inspeclion
lFI
7.O3 Solving simple equolions lFI
7.O/ Fquolions wilh pronumerols on
bolh sides lFI
7.O5 Fquolions wilh grouping symbols
lFI
7.O Fquolions wilh froclions 1 lFI
7.O7 Fquolions wilh froclions 2 lFI
7.O Solving inequolilies lFI
8 Financial
mathematics
Molhs lerms 8
Find lhe weekly woge
0oing shopping
0ST
0ross ond nel solories lFI 8.O2 Fxlro poymenls lFI
8.O/ Toxolion lFI
8.O5 0oods ond services lox lFI
8.O Besl buys, shopping lisls, chonge
lFI
9 Coordinate
geometry
Molhs lerms
Number plone review
0rophing lines
x- ond y-inlercepls
Plolling poinls in four quodronls lFI
Fquolion gropher lFI
The midpoinl, grodienl ond lenglh of
on inlervol l0I
.O1 0oordinoles lFI
.O2 Midpoinl lFI
.O3 0rodienls lFI
.O/ Dislonce belween poinls lFI
COPIED FROM ASM 9 (5.2) SB
<to be supplied at 3pp>
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Chapter Drag-and-drop
activities
ProductLink only
Technology activities
Excel (E)ProductLink only
GeoGebra (G)eBook and
ProductLink
Worksheets
Foundation worksheets (F)
Challenge worksheets (C)
eBook and ProductLink
9 Coordinate
geometry
(continued)
Horizonlol ond verlicol lines
Midpoinl ond grodienl of on
inlervol
The grodienl-inlercepl form
of o slroighl line
0rophing lines by plolling poinls l0I
Finding lhe equolion of o line l0I
Fquolions of lhe form y mx + b l0I
0rophing lines using lhe grodienl ond
y-inlercepl l0I
Molching equolions of lines lo lheir
grophs l0I
0rophing porobolos l0I
Fxponenliol curves l0I
Molching equolions lo lheir porobolos
l0I
.O5 0rophing lines lFI
.O Horizonlol ond verlicol lines lFI
.O7 0rodienl-inlercepl form lFI
10 Similarity Molhs lerms 1O
Finding lenglhs in similor
figures
Using lhe scole foclor
Similor figures l0I
Similor lriongles 1 l0I
Similor lriongles 2 l0I
Finding on unknown side in similor
lriongles l0I
1O.O/ Finding unknown sides in
similor lriongles lFI
11 Formulas and
problem solving
Molhs lerms 11
Subslilulion
Formulos
Fquolions from formulos
Subslilulion inlo olgebroic
expressions lFI
Subsliluling ond lronsposing
formulos lFI
11.O1 0enerolised orilhmelic lFI
11.O2 Subslilulion lFI
11.O5 Tronsloling problems inlo
equolions lFI
12 Trigonometry Molhs lerms 12
The lrigonomelric rolios
Finding sides
Finding ongles
Beorings 1
Beorings 2
Rolios of lhe sides of similor
righl-ongled lriongles l0I
Finding on unknown side using lhe
longenl rolio l0I
Finding on unknown side using lhe
sine ond cosine rolios l0I
Finding lhe hypolenuse using lhe sine
ond cosine rolios l0I
Using lrigonomelric rolios lo find on
ongle l0I
12.O1 Sides of righl-ongled lriongles
lFI
12.O3 The longenl rolio lFI
12.O/ Finding unknown sides using
lhe longenl rolio lFI
12.O5 Finding unknown ongles using
lhe longenl rolio lFI
12.O7l Finding unknown sides using
sine ond cosine lFI
12.O7B Finding lhe hypolenuse lFI
12.OB 0omposs beorings lFI
13 Statistics Molhs lerms 13
Box-ond-whisker plols
ldding ond overoging lFI 13.O2 Frequency ond cumulolive
frequency lFI
13.O3 nlerquorlile ronge lFI
14 Proportion
Teochers olso hove occess lo olher
digilol resources on lhe eBook ond
ProduclLink, including.
- syllobus overview documenl
- ediloble leoching progroms
- onswers lo oll worksheels
- onswers lo Prep quizzes ond
nvesligolions
- onswers lo lhe Homework Progrom.
COPIED FROM ASM 9 (5.2) SB
Digital resources
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Metric equivalents
Length
1 m 1000 mm
100 cm
10 dm
1 cm 10 mm
1 km 1000 m
Area
1 m
2
10 000 cm
2

1 ha 10 000 m
2

1 km
2
100 ha
Mass
1 kg 1000 g
1 t 1000 kg
1 g 1000 mg
Volume
1 m
3
1 000 000 cm
3

1000 dm
3

1 L 1000 mL
1 kL 1000 L
1 m
3
1 kL
1 cm
3
1 mL
1000 cm
3
1 L
Time
1 min 60 s
1 h 60 min
1 day 24 h
1 year 365 days
1 leap year 366 days
Months of the year
30 days each has September,
April, June and November.
All the rest have 31, except February alone,
Which has 28 days clear and 29 each leap year.
Seasons
Summer: December, January, February
Autumn: March, April, May
Winter: June, July, August
Spring: September, October, November
It is important
that you learn
these facts
off by
heart.
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The language of mathematics
You should regularly test your knowledge by identifying the items on each card.
ID Card 1 (Metric units)
1
m
2
dm
3
cm
4
mm
5
km
6
m
2
7
cm
2
8
km
2
9
ha
10
m
3
11
cm
3
12
s
13
min
14
h
15
m/s
16
km/h
17
g
18
mg
19
kg
20
t
21
L
22
mL
23
kL
24
C
For answers see page 505.
ID Card 2 (Symbols)
1

2
or -
3
=
4
<
5
s
6
<
7
>
8
>
9
4
2
10
4
3
11
2
12
2
3
13 14

15

16

17
%
18
.
19
e.g.
20
i.e.
21

22
Z
23
x
24
P(E)
For answers see page 505.
See Maths Terms
at the end of
each chapter.
ID Cards
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
ID Card 3 (Language)
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
For answers see page 505.
All sides
different
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ID Cards
ID Card 4 (Language)
1
..........................................
2
..........................................
3
..........................................
4
..........................................
5
.................... points
6
C is the ....................
7
..........................................
..........................................
8
..........................................
9
all angles less than 90
10
one angle 90
11
one angle greater
than 90
12
A, B and C are
............ of the triangle.
13
Use the vertices
to name the A.
14
BC is the ............ of
the right-angled A.
15
a + b + c ............
16
ZBCD ............
17
a + b + c + d ....
18
Which (a) a < b
is true? (b) a b
(c) a > b
19
a ....................
20
Angle sum ....................
21
AB is a ....................
OC is a .....................
22
Name of distance
around the circle.
..........................................
23
s..........................................
24
AB is a .....................................
CD is an ................................
EF is a ......................................
For answers see page 505.
A
A
B
A
B
A
B
P
Q
R
S
A C B
4 2 0 2 4
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A B
C
b
c
a
A D
B
C
b
a
b
d
c
a
b a
a
A B
C
O
O
O
B
C
D
F
E
A
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
ID Card 5 (Language)
1
.................... lines
2
.................... lines
3
v..........................................
h..........................................
4
.................... lines
5
angle ....................
6
.................... angle
7
.................... angle
8
.................... angle
9
.................... angle
10
.................... angle
11
...............................................
12
.................... angles
13
.................... angles
14
.................... angles
15
.................... angles
16
a + b + c + d ....
17
...............................................
18
.................... angles
19
.................... angles
20
.................... angles
21
b.................... an interval
22
b.................... an angle
23
ZCAB .................
24
CD is p................. to AB.
For answers see page 505.
A
B
C
(less
than
90)
(90)
(between
90 and 180)
(180)
(between
180 and
360)
(360)
a + b 90
a
b
a + b 180
a b
a b
a b
a
b
c
d
a b
a
b
a = b
a
b
a + b 180
a
b
A B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
A B
C
A B
C
D
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ID Cards
ID Card 6 (Language)
1
C............ E............
A............ D............
2
B............ C............ E............
B............ C............
3
a.................... m....................
means
b.................... m....................
4
p.................... m....................
means
a.................... m....................
5
area is 1 ....................
6
r.................... shapes
7
.................... of a cube
8
c....................-s....................
9
f....................
10
v....................
11
e...................
12
axes of ....................
13
r....................
14
t....................
15
r....................
16
t....................
17
The c....................
of the dot are E2.
18
t....................
19
p.................... graph
20
c.................... graph
21
l.................... graph
22
s.................... graph
23
b.................... graph
24
s.................... d....................
For answers see page 506.
CE
AD
BCE
BC
am pm
100 m
1
0
0

m
4
3
2
1
0
A B C D E F
Cars sold
Mon
Tues
Wed
Thurs
Fri
Money collected
Mon
Tues
Wed
Thurs
Fri
stands for $10
70
50
30
10
D
o
l
l
a
r
s
Money collected
M T W T F
100
80
60
40
20
Johns height
1 2 3 4 5
Age (years)
Use of time
Hobbies
Sleep
Home
School
People present
A
d
u
l
t
s
G
i
r
l
s
B
o
y
s
Smoking
Cigarettes smoked
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Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 9 Stages 5.15.3
Algebra card
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
1 3 21
1
4
m
2
3
m
3m 5m
2
5x
6
x
3x
2
x
x + 2 x 3 2x + 1 3x 8
2 1 04
1
8
4m
4
m
2m 2m
3
3x
3
x
5x
2
4
x
x + 7 x 6 4x + 2 x 1
3 5 08
1
3
10m
4
m
5m 8m
5
10x
2
7
x
8x
2
5
x
x + 5 x + 5 6x + 2 x 5
4 2 15
1
20
8m
3
2
m
7m 6m
2
15x
10
x
4x
4
5
x
x + 1 x 9 3x + 3 2x + 4
5 8 25
3
5
2m
5
m
10m m
2
7x
2
3
x
2x
3
3
x
x + 8 x + 2 3x + 8 3x + 1
6 10 07
2
7
5m
3
7
m
6m 9m
3
9x
2
5
x
x
2
3
5
x
x + 4 x 7 3x + 1 x + 7
7 6 12
3
8
8m
6
m
9m 2m
6
6x
5
6
x
5x
2
2
3
x
x + 6 x 1 x + 8 2x 5
8 12 05
9
20
20m
2
5
m
4m 3m
3
12x
3
4
x
4x
3
7
x
x + 10 x 8 5x + 2 x 10
9 7 01
3
4
5m
3
5
m
10m m
7
5x
3
7
x
3x
5
3
7
x
x + 2 x + 5 2x + 4 2x 4
10 5 06
7
10
9m
4
5
m
7m 8m
4
3x
6
x
7x
5
2
9
x
x + 1 x 7 5x + 4 x + 7
11 11 18
1
10
7m
5
m
8m 4m 4x
5
x
x
3
3
x
x + 9 x + 6 2x + 7 x 6
12 4 14
2
5
3m
3
m
12m 7m
2
7x
3
4
x
x
10
6
x
x + 3 x 10 2x + 3 2x + 3
How to use this card
As an example, if the instruction given for the Algebra card is Column D + Column F then you
would write answers for the following problems.
1 m + (3m) 2 (4m) + 2m 3 10m + (5m) 4 (8m) + 7m
5 2m + 10m 6 (5m) + (6m) 7 8m + 9m 8 20m + (4m)
9 5m + (10m) 10 (9m) + (7m) 11 (7m) + (8m) 12 3m + 12m
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