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I agree with the above
ISBN 978-0-626-23033-3
SANS 1044:2009
Edition 3.1










SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD









Industrial laundry detergents



























Published by SABS Standards Division
1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
SABS





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SANS 1044:2009
Edition 3.1


Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Amdt 1 2009 Amended to update the normative references, to align the
corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel requirement with that of
other detergent standards, and to correct the numbering of
subclauses in clause 6.



Foreword

This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 1006B, Detergents,
polishes and other chemicals Detergents, soaps and cleaners, in accordance with procedures of
the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.

This document was published in December 2009.

This document supersedes SANS 1044:2009 (edition 3).

Reference is made in 7.2 to the "national regulations and statutory requirements". In South Africa
this means the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act No. 54 of 1972) and the
Trade Metrology Act, 1973 (Act No. 77 of 1973) (as amended from time to time).

Annex A forms an integral part of this document. Annex B is for information only.

A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment
No. 1.




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1
Contents

Page

Foreword

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3

3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 4

4 Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 4

5 Sampling and compliance with the standard ......................................................................... 6

6 Inspection and methods of test .............................................................................................. 7

6.1 Inspection ..................................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Preparation of test specimens ..................................................................................... 7
6.3 Cleaning efficiency ....................................................................................................... 7
6.4 Redeposition index ....................................................................................................... 7
6.5 Fluorescent whitening agent content ........................................................................... 7
6.6 Chemical damage to cotton fibres ............................................................................... 7
6.7 Water-insoluble matter content .................................................................................... 8
6.8 pH value ....................................................................................................................... 8
6.9 Foaming properties ...................................................................................................... 8
6.10 Corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel ................................................................... 8
6.11 Corrosiveness to aluminium ......................................................................................... 8
6.12 Chloride content ........................................................................................................... 9
6.13 Viscosity ....................................................................................................................... 10
6.14 Freeze-thaw stability .................................................................................................... 10
6.15 Stability ......................................................................................................................... 10

7 Packing and marking .............................................................................................................. 11

Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers ............................................................................... 12

Annex B (informative) Quality verification of industrial laundry detergents ............................. 12

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 12





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2
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3







Industrial laundry detergents





1 Scope

This standard specifies the characteristics of four types of low-foam industrial laundry detergent
intended for use in industrial laundering machines for the washing, in either hard or soft water, of
textiles made of cotton or of cotton-and-synthetic fibre yarns.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national
and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.

ASTM A240/A 240M, Standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel
plate, sheet and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications.

EN 573-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Chemical composition and form of wrought products
Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products. Amdt 1

SANS 5011/ISO 10523, Water quality Determination of pH.

SANS 5126, Viscosity of binders for paints.

SANS 5778, Redeposition index of laundry detergents.

SANS 5779, Fluorescent whitening agent content of laundry detergents.

SANS 5780, Chemical damage to cotton fibres by laundry detergents.

SANS 5781, Water-insoluble matter content of laundry detergents.

SANS 5806, Foam height of laundry detergents.

SANS 6081, Cleaning efficiency of low-foam laundry detergents.


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4
3 Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.

3.1
batch
material from a single mix or, in the case of a continuous production process, material from a
single day's production

3.2
lot
quantity of industrial laundry detergent that bears the same batch identification, from one
manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing

4 Requirements

4.1 Types

Industrial laundry detergent shall be of one of the following types as required (see annex A):

a) Type 1: detergent in the form of granules or of a powder, that is homogeneous, free-flowing, free
from visible impurities, and readily soluble in water.

b) Type 2: detergent in the form of an aqueous solution that is homogeneous and readily soluble
in water.

c) Type 3: detergent in the form of granules or of a powder, that is homogeneous, free-flowing,
free from visible impurities, readily soluble in water and only for use in soft water.

d) Type 4: detergent in the form of an aqueous solution that is homogeneous and readily soluble
in water and only for use in tunnel washers where the machine composition is strictly
stainless steel.

4.2 General

4.2.1 When stored or transported under normal conditions in the original container, a type 1 and
a type 3 detergent shall not cake into hard lumps and a type 2 and a type 4 detergent shall not
separate or form a precipitate.

4.2.2 The detergent shall be suitable for use in industrial laundering machines, shall not tarnish
or corrode the metals used in the construction of these machines, and shall not cause adhesion
between the sliding doors and their frames.

4.3 Odour

Industrial laundry detergent, both as received and when dissolved in hot water, shall not have an
objectionable odour, and shall not develop an objectionable odour during 6 months storage in its
original container at ambient temperature.

4.4 Cleaning efficiency

The cleaning efficiency of industrial laundry detergent, expressed as a percentage of soil removal
shall, when tested in accordance with 6.3, be at least 95 % of that of the standard detergent.



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5
4.5 Redeposition index

The redeposition index of industrial laundry detergent, determined in accordance with 6.4, shall be at
least 95 % of that of the standard detergent.

4.6 Fluorescent whitening agent content

Unless otherwise specified (see annex A), industrial laundry detergent shall contain a fluorescent
whitening agent. The intensity of the fluorescence on the cotton swatches washed with the industrial
laundry detergent shall, when the detergent is tested in accordance with 6.5, be at least equal to
that of the swatches washed with the standard detergent.

4.7 Chemical damage to cotton fibres

When industrial laundry detergent is tested in accordance with 6.6, any degradation of the cotton
fibres shall not result in the fluidity of the fibres exceeding 160 Pa
-1
s
-1
.

4.8 Water-insoluble matter content

The water-insoluble matter content of industrial laundry detergent shall, when tested in accordance
with 6.7, not exceed a mass fraction of 1,0 %.

4.9 pH value

When tested in accordance with 6.8, the pH value of types 1 to 3 (inclusive) industrial laundry
detergent shall be not lower than 10,5 and not higher than 12,5 and the pH value of type 4 shall be
not lower than 10,5.

4.10 Foaming properties

The foam height of industrial laundry detergent shall, when tested in accordance with 6.9, not
exceed 50 mm.

4.11 Corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel

When industrial laundry detergent is tested in accordance with 6.10, any loss in mass of a corrosion-
resistant steel test strip that complies with the requirements for type S30415 of ASTM A240/A 240M
shall not exceed 0,05 mg/100 mm
2
of surface area of the test strip, and the test strip shall show no
evidence of pitting, etching or discoloration. Amdt 1

4.12 Corrosiveness to aluminium

When industrial laundry detergent (with the exception of type 4) is tested in accordance with 6.11,
aluminium test strips that comply with the requirements for EN AW 1050A of EN 573-3 shall show
no evidence of pitting, etching or discoloration. Slight dulling of the surfaces of the test strips is
permissible. Amdt 1

4.13 Chloride content

When industrial laundry detergent is tested in accordance with 6.12, the chloride content (expressed
as sodium chloride) shall not exceed a mass fraction of 2,0 %.



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6
4.14 Viscosity at 25 C

When determined in accordance with 6.13, the viscosity of a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry
detergent at 25 C, shall be not more than 1 650 mPa.s.

4.15 Freeze-thaw stability

When tested in accordance with 6.14, a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent shall not
thicken or gel and shall remain homogeneous.

4.16 Stability

When tested in accordance with 6.15, a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent shall not
thicken or gel and shall remain homogeneous.

5 Sampling and compliance with the standard

5.1 Sampling

5.1.1 General

When no information concerning the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture
is available, the following sampling procedure shall be applied to determine whether a lot submitted
for inspection and testing complies with the requirements of the standard. The samples so taken
shall be deemed to represent the lot for the respective properties. The sampling procedure shall
also be used for adjudication in cases of dispute.

NOTE Information on the quality verification of industrial laundry detergents is given in annex B.

5.1.2 Sample for inspection

Draw at random from the lot

a) five containers if the lot is packed in containers of net mass not exceeding 5 kg; and

b) three containers if the lot is packed in containers of net mass greater than 5 kg.

5.1.3 Sample for testing

5.1.3.1 Thoroughly mix the contents of the relevant container before drawing a sample.

5.1.3.2 From the containers taken in accordance with 5.1.2, take at random enough industrial
laundry detergent to provide a composite laboratory sample of total mass at least 1 kg. Take
samples of approximately equal mass of industrial laundry detergent from all containers.

5.1.3.3 Immediately pour the composite sample into a clean, dry, air-tight glass or plastics bottle
clearly marked with the manufacturer's name or trademark, the batch identification, and the date of
sampling.

5.2 Compliance with the standard

Deem the lot to comply with the requirements of the standard if, after inspection and testing (see
clause 6) of the samples taken in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3, they are found to comply with all
the requirements of the standard.


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7
6 Inspection and methods of test

6.1 Inspection

6.1.1 Inspect the containers taken in accordance with 5.1.2 for compliance with the requirements
of clause 7.

6.1.2 Visually examine the samples taken in accordance with 5.1.2 for compliance with the
requirements given in 4.1 to 4.3 (inclusive).

6.2 Preparation of test specimens

Prepare a composite laboratory sample in accordance with 5.1.3. Unless inconsistent with the text,
all reagents used shall be of analytical reagent grade, and all water shall be distilled or de-ionized
water.

6.3 Cleaning efficiency

Use the procedure specified in SANS 6081 but carry out the test at 65 C 1 C instead of at
40 C 1 C. For the standard detergent, exclude the addition of the enzymes and use a mixture of
1,7 g/L of the standard detergent specified in SANS 6081 and 0,3 g/L of sodium metasilicate
pentahydrate (Na
2
SiO
3
5H
2
O).

In the case of a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent use a concentration of 2,5 g/L, and
in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water.

Check for compliance with 4.4.

6.4 Redeposition index

Use the procedure specified in SANS 5778, but carry out the test at 65 C 1 C instead of at
40 C 1 C. For the standard detergent use a mixture of 1,7 g/L of the standard detergent
specified in SANS 5778 and 0,3 g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate (Na
2
SiO
3
5H
2
O).

In the case of a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent, use a concentration of 2,5 g/L, and
in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water.

Check for compliance with 4.5.

6.5 Fluorescent whitening agent content

Use the procedure specified in SANS 5779, but carry out the test at 65 C 1 C instead of at
40 C 1 C. For the standard detergent use a mixture of 1,7 g/L of the standard detergent
specified in SANS 5779 and 0,3 g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate (Na
2
SiO
3
5H
2
O).

In the case of a type 2 and type 4 industrial laundry detergent use a concentration of 2,5 g/L, and in
the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water.

Check for compliance with 4.6.

6.6 Chemical damage to cotton fibres

Use SANS 5780. Check for compliance with 4.7.


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6.7 Water-insoluble matter content

Use SANS 5781, but in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard
water. For the quantitative transfer of the insoluble matter to the filter, and for the subsequent
washing, use only very hot water (i.e. at a temperature of above 65 C). Check for compliance with
4.8.

6.8 pH value

Dissolve 1 g of the test specimen in 500 mL of carbon-dioxide-free distilled or de-ionized water and
use SANS 5011 to determine the pH value. Check for compliance with 4.9.

6.9 Foaming properties

Use SANS 5806. In the case of a type 2 and type 4 industrial laundry detergent, use 2,5 g/L, and in
the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water. Check for
compliance with 4.10.

6.10 Corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel

6.10.1 Test strip

One strip, of size approximately 80 mm 25 mm 1 mm, of a hot-rolled, annealed and polished
corrosion-resistant steel that complies with the requirements for type S30415 of ASTM A240/A
240M.

6.10.2 Procedure

6.10.2.1 Accurately determine the total area of the surface of the test strip, and then degrease it in
a mixture of equal volumes of ethanol and acetone. After allowing the strip to air-dry, heat it for
30 min in an oven maintained at 105 C 5 C, cool it in a desiccator and immediately weigh it to
the nearest 0,1 mg.

6.10.2.2 Prepare 1 L of an aqueous solution containing 10,0 g of the test specimen, and transfer
250 mL of the freshly prepared solution to a suitable stoppered glass bottle.

6.10.2.3 Add the test strip to the bottle (ensuring that the strip is completely immersed in the test
solution). Heat the bottle and contents to 80 C 2 C in an oven, stopper the bottle and maintain it
at 80 C 2 C for 2 h.

6.10.2.4 Remove the test strip from the test solution, rinse it thoroughly first with water, then with
acetone, and allow it to air-dry. Then heat it for 30 min in an oven maintained at 105 C 5 C, cool
it in a desiccator, and immediately weigh it to the nearest 0,1 mg.

Calculate the loss in mass in milligrams per 100 mm
2
of surface area of the test strip, and examine the
test strip for compliance with the remaining requirements of 4.11.

6.11 Corrosiveness to aluminium

6.11.1 Test strips

Two strips, each of size approximately 75 mm 19 mm 1,5 mm, of bright-finished uncoated
aluminium that complies with the requirements for EN AW 1050A of EN 573-3. Amdt 1



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6.11.2 Procedure

6.11.2.1 Degrease the test strips by washing them in acetone and allowing them to air-dry at
ambient temperature.

6.11.2.2 Prepare 1 L of an aqueous solution containing 5,0 g of the test sample, and transfer
250 mL of the solution to each of two suitable stoppered glass bottles.

6.11.2.3 Add one test strip to each of the bottles (ensuring that the strips are completely immersed
in the test solution). Heat the bottles and contents to 80 C 2 C in an oven, stopper the bottles
and maintain them at 80 C 2 C for 5 h.

6.11.2.4 Remove the test strips from the test solution and rinse them thoroughly with water. Allow
them to air-dry and then examine them for compliance with the requirements of 4.12.

6.12 Chloride content

6.12.1 Apparatus

6.12.1.1 Potentiometer, equipped with electrodes suitable for the potentiometric titration of
chloride ions.

6.12.1.2 pH meter.

6.12.2 Reagents and materials

6.12.2.1 General

Only use reagents of analytical reagent grade and distilled water.

6.12.2.2 Silver nitrate solution, c(AgNO
3
) = 0,05 mol/L.

An aqueous solution accurately standardized potentiometrically against a standard sodium chloride
solution.

6.12.2.3 Nitric acid solution

Carefully add 7 mL concentrated nitric acid to 50 mL water and make up to 100 mL, mixing well.

6.12.3 Procedure Amdt 1

6.12.3.1 Weigh out accurately approximately 5 g of the test specimen into a 250 mL beaker and
dissolve in approximately 150 mL of water. Amdt 1

6.12.3.2 Using the pH meter, adjust the pH value of the test solution to between 4,2 and 4,3 by
adding the nitric acid solution. Amdt 1

6.12.3.3 Prepare a blank solution in a 250 mL beaker, using the same procedure as used for the
preparation of the test specimen (see 6.12.3.1 and 6.12.3.2) but omit the test specimen. Amdt 1

6.12.3.4 Using the potentiometer, titrate the test specimen solution (see 6.12.3.2) and the blank
solution (see 6.12.4.3) with the standard silver nitrate solution. Amdt 1


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6.12.4 Calculation Amdt 1

Calculate the chloride content, Clc, (as sodium chloride), using as follows:

Clc =
m
c V V 5,85 ) (
2 1



where

V
1
is the volume, in millilitres, of standard silver nitrate solution used in the titration of the test
specimen;

V
2
is the volume, in millilitres, of standard silver nitrate solution used in the titration of
blank;

c is the concentration, in moles per litre, of the standard silver nitrate solution;

M is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen used.

6.13 Viscosity

Use SANS 5126. Check for compliance with 4.14.

6.14 Freeze-thaw stability

Fill a 500 mL glass-stoppered bottle with the test specimen and subject it to a freeze-thaw cycle that
consists of freezing at a temperature of 0 C for 16 h followed by thawing at ambient temperature
for 8 h.

Repeat the freeze-thaw cycle twice more and then examine the test specimen for compliance with
4.15.

6.15 Stability

Fill two 500 mL glass-stoppered bottles with the test specimen and place one bottle for 90 d in an
oven maintained at 40 C 2 C and the other bottle for 90 d in a refrigerator maintained at
4 C 1 C. Examine the contents of both bottles for compliance with 4.16.



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11
7 Packing and marking

7.1 Packing

Industrial laundry detergent shall be so packed as to prevent leakage or contamination (or both) of
the product. It shall be packed in containers that are strong enough to withstand normal handling
and transportation. These containers may then be packed in bulk packages. Only material from the
same batch shall be packed in a container and, when relevant, in a bulk package.

7.2 Marking

Each container and bulk package shall bear (in prominent, legible and indelible marking) the following
information and any additional information required in terms of the relevant national regulations and
statutory requirements (see foreword):

a) the manufacturer's trade name or trademark or both;

b) words indicating that the product is an industrial laundry detergent;

c) the type;

d) the batch identification;

e) the mass of the contents;

f) in the case of bulk packages, the number of containers; and

g) additional information required in terms of the regulations promulgated by the local
transportation authority.



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12
Annex A
(normative)

Notes to purchasers


A.1 The following requirement shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or
contract:

When relevant, that the industrial laundry detergent shall contain a fluorescent whitening agent (see
4.6).

NOTE The above requirement may be specified by reference to a manufacturer's data sheet, where available.

A.2 The order or contract that specifies the requirement listed in A.1, shall be made available to
inspection representatives for inspection purposes when so required.



Annex B
(informative)

Quality verification of industrial laundry detergents

When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of industrial laundry detergents, it is
suggested that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his
attention to the manufacturer's quality system. In this connection it should be noted that SANS 9001
covers the provisions of an integrated quality system.



Bibliography

SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems Requirements.








SABS


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