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CHAPTER 1 (IRRIGATION)
INTRODUCTION
IRRIGATION:- The art, science and practice of supplying water artificially to land for producing crops
is called Irrigation.
NECESSITY OF IRRIGATION:-

1) Non unior!it" o raina##:-
Rainfall varies place to place as Punjab, Rajasthan, etc. rainfall is
not same. Therefore in order to meet the water requirements of crop, it is very essential to provide
facilities for irrigation.
2) Cro$ r%&uir%!%nt:-
The requirement also depends upon the type of crop, its depends upon the
time of sowing & the period of maturity.
3) E'ono!i'a# u(% o )at%r:-
The crop production can be increased by supplying of proper
quantity of water at proper time.

TYPES OF IRRIGATION:-

Artificial rrigation!"
The process of supplying water artificially for the purpose of irrigation the field.
The irrigation done by construction headwor# sand canal is also referred as direct irrigation or
river canal irrigation.
T"$%( o Artii'ia# Irrigation
1) *it Irrigation :-
The process of supplying water to the field for crop production by lifting it from its
sources is called $ift rrigation. %or e.g. by wells, tube wells
+) F#o) Irrigation :-
The process of supplying water to the by flowing water by gravity is called
flow rrigation also called canal rrigation.
,) S$rin-#%r Irrigation :-
The process of irrigation in which water is applied to the land through a
system of pipe networ# connected to fine spray no&&les is called 'prin#ler rrigation.
.ETHODS OF IRRIGATION
() Fr%% F#oo/ing :- n this method, water is supplied through ditches. t flows across the
field. This method is mostly used in ndia, *.'.A., +gypt etc.
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,) 0or/%r F#oo/ing:-
n this farm id divided into no. of strips. The width & length of each strip
should not e-ceed ."(/ m & (00 1 200 m respectively.
,) C1%'- F#oo/ing :-
n this case, farm is divided into small chec# areas. These are surrounded
on all sides by low, flat ridges.
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2) 0a(in F#oo/ing :-
t is same as chec# e-cept that it is applied to orchard.
3) Furro) .%t1o/ :-
n this case crops are grown by supplying water b4w crops rows. This
method consists in Appling water to the field by furrow supplying / 1 ,2 cm per (00 m.
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