SLIDE 2

The term network refers to the framework

of routes within a system of locations,
identifed as nodes. A route is a single link
between two nodes that are part of a larger
network that can refer to tangible routes
such as roads and rails, or less tangible
routes such as air and sea corridors.
A transport network denotes either a permanent track
(e.g. roads, rail and canals) or a scheduled service
(e.g. airline, public transit, train). It can be extended to
cover various types of links between points along
which movements can take place.In transport
geography, it is common to identify several types
of transport structures that are linked with
transportation networks with key elements such as
nodes, links, flows, hubs or corridors.
SLIDE 3
Network structure ranges from centrifugal to
centripetal in terms of the accessibility they provide
to locations. hese effects depend on the structure of
the network and its relationship with the distribution
of origins and destinations.
Centrifugal networks have no
specifc centrality as no node is
signifcantly more connected than the
others. They typically have a grid-like
pattern.
Centripetal networks have a strong
centrality where one or several nodes
are much more connected that the
others. They typically have a radial
pattern.
SLIDE 4
ransportation network are designed to offer a level of
service which is related to their structure.
!onceptually, three basic network structures can be
designed to link the same locations"
Centralized. One center has
privileged accessibility and thus
represents the dominant element of
the network and the spatial structure it
supports.
Decentralized. Although the center is
still the point of highest accessibility,
the network is structured so that sub-
centers have also signifcant levels of
accessibility.
Distributed. No center has a level of
accessibility signifcantly dierent from
the others.
SLIDE 5 Hub
Transport hub, where tra!c is e"changed
across several modes of transport.
#ubs, as a network structure, allow a
greater $e"ibility within the transport
system, through a concentration of $ows.
%or instance, on the above fgure, a point-
to-point network involves &' independent
connections, each to be serviced by
vehicles and infrastructures. (y using a
hub-and-spoke structure, only )
connections are re*uired.
SLIDE cost
+ options
SLIDE ! Integration
Transport networks re$ect the political
conte"t, namely the capacity to trade. ,rior
to an economic integration process -such
as a free trade agreement. networks
tended to service their respective national
economies with $ows representing this
structure -limited crossborder $ows..
SLIDE "#$% &opolog'
Network topology looks at the arrangement
of nodes and links, particularly their
locations and the nature of their
connections. Network connectivity involves a
specifc confguration of links and nodes.
/inks indicate which nodes are linked and
how they are linked, namely with a
directional attribute. Nodes indicate how it is
possible to access connected links, namely
as a link being an entry and0or an e"it to the
node.
SLIDE $$ (etwork Strategies
to Ser)ice a Set of Locations
*ini+u+ construction costs
network -A.. Network where all
locations are linked through a single
route.
*ini+u+ accessibilit' network -(..
Network where all locations are linked
and have the same accessibility.
(odal network -1.. One location is
better connected and becomes the
most accessible.
*a,i+u+ accessibilit' network -2..
3very location is directly linked to all
others, but the construction costs are
high -ma"imum construction costs
network..
*ini+al lengt- network -3. where
the summation of the links are
minimal. 2epending on the
confguration of nodes the minimal
length network could be the same than
the minimum construction costs
network.
&ra)eling salesperson network -%..
4t provides minimal distance for a route
between all locations. Also known as
the traveling salesperson network.
SLIDE $2
Clearl' de.ned and deli+ited. 5oad
and rail networks are the most relevant
e"amples of this mode of territorial
occupation with a well established land
ownership along their paths. This
implies only one possible use and other
functions are not possible. Access is
only available to the modes using the
network.
/aguel' de.ned and deli+ited.
6ost maritime and air corridors are
vaguely defned as they often involve
only a right of way. 6ultiple use of that
space are thus permitted. %or instance,
a maritime corridor can overlap a
fshing 7one. #owever, air and port
terminals have specifc and e"clusive
land ownership.
0it-out de.nition. 4n many
telecommunication network,
overlapping is fre*uent and the only
authori7ation re*uired is the right to
broadcast from a specifc location using
a specifc fre*uency. 6ost cellular
networks are established by building a
number of broadcast points, each
creating its own telecommunication
8cell8. The overlay of all these cells
creates the illusion of a contiguous
service. 8No service8 7ones are also
possible.