et nec

Q Q s

d e nec
G G Q + =
1

e
G =the weight of the lifted element
d
G =the weight of the device catch
The concrete lifting with skips
Skip 1
3
m
d
G =350 kg
Concrete
e
G =2200kg
kg 2550 2200 350 Q
nec 2
= + =

The establishing the maximum action radius
et nec
R R s


2
E
a B R
nec max
+ + =

2
E
a R
nec min
+ =
E=the crane rail E=7.0[m]
A=safety space a=3.0[m]
B=the construction width B=11.6[m]
nec max
R = 11.6+3+7/2= 18.1[m]
nec min
R = 3+7/2= 6.5[m]
The establishing of the lifting height
H=Hs+Hi+He+Hd
H=

Technological scheme for the complex process of preparing, transportation and putting in work
on site of concrete





Concrete
preparin
g in
specializ
ed
station



=>
Unloadi
ng in
bunker



=>
Statio
ning
in
bunke
r



=>
Unloa
ding
in
transp
ort
vehicl
es



=>
Horizo
ntal
transpo
rtation
D [km]



=>
Unloadi
ng in
skips



=>
Stationi
ng in
skips
Concrete
mixing
machine
q
gravitat
ion
Bunk
er
'
b
v
gravit
ation
Transp
ort
vehicle
s
'
t
v
gravitati
on
Skips
'
b
v
Mixed
transport
in site



=>-
Putting
in work
of
concrete
Tower
crane
m m
R , Q
b
v
The correlation of preparing, transporting and putting in work of concrete on site
From the relation of parity of concrete masses during the complex process we write:
: where * V * n ) g Q ( * n * v * n * V * V * r *
1000
q
* n
b b b m b
'
b
'
b b
'
b
'
t b
'
b
'
b
'
a
= = = = =
a
n number of concrete mixtures;
q concrete mixing machine capacity;
r -correction coefficient=0.8
'
b

- Apparent density uncompacted fresh concrete;

'
b
v
-concrete bunker volume;
'
t
v
-transport vehicle volume;
b
n
-number of skips in which the concrete is unloaded;
'
b
v
-skip capacity volume;
m
Q
-crane lifting capacity;
b
v
-concrete volume handled from a skip;
b

-apparent density of compacted fresh concrete;

We know:
-Q= 500[l]
-
] m [ 2 . 3 v
3 '
t
=

-D=3[km]
-
] m [ 8 . 0 v
3 '
b
=

- g=300[kg]
- Tower crane type MTO-180
] T [ 06 . 2 3 . 0 2 . 2 * 8 . 0 g * v Q
] m [ 2 . 3 V V
skips 4
8 . 0
2 . 3
v
V
n
mixtures 8
8 . 0 * 500
2 . 3 * 1000
r * q
V * 1000
n
* v * n ) g Q ( * n
* V * V
* V * V n
* V * r *
1000
q
n
'
b
'
b m
3 '
t
'
b
'
b
'
t
b
'
'
t
a
'
b
'
b b m b
'
b
'
t
'
b
'
b
'
b
'
t
'
b
'
b * b
'
b
'
t
'
b
'
a
= + = + =
= =
= = =
= = =
=
=
=
= =

For the tower crane type MTO-180- the lifting capacity at a radius of 30[m]is 7, 2 [T].
] m [ 73 . 0 8 . 0 *
4 . 2
2 . 2
V
* V * V
] T [ 2 . 7 Q ] T [ 06 . 2 Q
3
b
'
b
b
'
b
'
b b b
ef m
= =

=
=
= < =








Establishing the characteristics timing
a). preparation of the concrete mixture

] m / h [ 051 . 0 N
] mixture / h [ 02 . 0
4 . 2
2 . 2
* 8 . 0 *
1000
500
* 051 . 0 t
* r *
1000
q
* N t
3
tu
1
b
'
b '
tu 1
=
= =

=

=
tu
N Concrete mixing machine time periods
b).bunker unloading
0 t
2
= -because the preparation of concrete mixture includes the bunker unloading
c).stationing in bunker
] h [ 14 . 0 02 . 0 * ) 1 8 ( t * ) 1 n ( t
1 a 3
= = =
d). unloading in transportation vehicle
0 t
4
= -because loading and unloading time periods made without special machinery are included
in the transportation time chart;
e). horizontal transportation
] h \ km [ 15
] h [ 24 . 0
15
3 D
t
5
= u
= =
u
=
u=average transportation speed
D=distance to site
f). unloading in skips
0 t
6
=
g). stationing in skips
The stationing period of time in skips of concrete is in direct correlation with the transport time
periods or with the handling of concrete in site.
8 b 7
t * ) 1 n ( t =
h). combined transportation in site of a skip
] t / h [ 1 . 0 N
Q *
N
N
t
t
m
t
8
=
=

t
N -time period of workers using the equipment
N-minimum formation that use the equipment=2 workers
-for transportation and pouring of concrete in the slab ] h [ 1 . 0 t
8
=
-in consequence the waiting time period in skips is ] h [ 3 . 0 1 . 0 * ) 1 4 ( t
7
= =
i).putting in work of concrete
] h [ 1 . 0 V *
N
N
t t
B
T
8 9
= = =
Correlating the period of time putting in work of concrete from a skip (
9
t ) with the time period
of transportation of concrete from a skip to the object (
8
t ), we obtain:
9
t =0.1[h]


The dimensioning of formation of necessary workers for putting in work of concrete in a slab:
s ker wor 8 N
22 . 10 7 . 0 *
1 . 0
4 . 1
N
s ker wor 3 N
]
m
hours
* man [ 4 . 1 N
eff
min
3
T
=
= =
=
=

At the ending of putting in work process the concrete will have the following age:
min) 56 ( ] h [ 86 . 0 t t
9
1 i
i
=
= =

Sheet flow scheme. Complex process of preparation, transportation and putting in work of
concrete in slabs.
Concrete
preparing in
specialized
station



=>
Unloading
in bunker



=>
Stationing in
bunker



=>
Unloading
in transport
vehicles



=>
Horizontal
transportation
D[km]

Concrete
mixing
machine
Q=500[l]
gravitation Bunker
] m [ 2 . 3 V
3 '
b
=
gravitation Transport
vehicles
] m [ 2 . 3 V
3 '
t
=
] h [ 02 . 0 t
1
= 0 t
2
= ] h [ 14 . 0 t
3
= 0 t
4
= ] h [ 2 . 0 t
5
=













Concrete placing in the resistance elements
For concrete putting in work it must be established the compaction process and machinery
utilized and also to be shown the organizational conditions for ensuring pouring continuity. The
continuity ensuring condition is given by the following relation:

b min b
c Q s
Where:
= min b
Q the minimum concrete flow
Unloading
In skips



=>
Stationing
in skips



=>
Mixed
transport in
site



=>
Putting in
work of
concrete
gravitation Skips
4 n
m 8 . 0 V
b
3 '
b
=
=

Tower crane
] m [ 30 R
] T [ 2 . 7 Q
m
m
=
=

8 N
] m [ 73 . 0 V
3
b
=
=

0 t
6
= ] h [ 3 . 0 t
7
= ] h [ 1 . 0 t
8
=
] h [ 1 . 0 9 t =
Duration/element
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
8
t
9
t

=
9
1 i
i
t
slab 0.02[h]
(1.2)
0 0.14[h]
(8.4)
0 0.02[h]
(1.2)
0 0.3[h]
(18)
0.1[h]
(6)
0.1[h]
(6)
0.86[h]
(52)

eff 1 2
max strip
min b
t t
V
Q

=
max strip
V =concrete volume in a strip;
2
t =concrete age limit for which re-vibrating is allowed;
eff 1
t =concrete age at the end of putting in work;
b
c =crane productivity for concrete putting in work;
b b
*
tc
1
c u =
Concrete placing into floor
The compaction of concrete placed into floor will be made using internal plate vibrators V.C 20
with the following parameters:
-
s
h =0.20[m]-the concrete strip thickness;
-
1
l =1.10[m]-the plates width;
-
2
l =1.50[m]-the plates length;
Concrete pouring
The concrete is poured in parallel strips with beams and their margins will be placed in minimum
stress areas.
] h / m [ 3 . 7 73 . 0 *
1 . 0
1
*
t
1
c
] h / m [ 3 . 9
86 . 0 0 . 2
64 . 10
t
V
fI Q
]) h [ 0 . 2 t ]; h [ 86 . 0 t ( C 30 for
] h / m [ 5 . 6
86 . 0 5 . 2
64 . 10
t
V
fI Q
]) h [ 5 . 2 t ]; h [ 86 . 0 t ( C 20 for
] m [ 76 . 9 77 . 1 ) 1
6 . 0
3 * 035 . 0
1 ( * 06 . 0 * 2 . 25 * 18 . 4 V
] m [ 41 . 7 51 . 0 02 . 1 ) 1
6 . 0
3 * 035 . 0
1 ( * 06 . 0 * 2 . 25 * 24 . 3 V
] m [ 64 . 10 89 . 1 ) 1
6 . 0
3 * 035 . 0
1 ( * 06 . 0 * 2 . 25 * 18 . 4 V
3
b
c
b
3
t 2
fI
min b
2 eff 1
o
ae
3
t 2
fI
min b
2 eff 1
o
ae
3
fIII
3
fII
3
fI
ef 1
ef 1
= = u =
=

= =
= = = u
=

= =
= = s u
= + =
= + =
= + =

It is found that at C 20
o
ae
> u it cannot be full field the minimum necessary concrete flow
condition. In this case it is required that at the preparation of concrete must be included a setting
delayer so that the hardening process will start after 1.25[h] ( ] h [ 5 . 2 t
2
= ).










Technological sheet for concrete placing into floor 02


Pouring conditions
BC20-

Exterior air
temperature
Concrete
mixture

[h]

[h]
Pouring rate
[

]
C 5
o
ae
= u
etalon

0.86
3.5 4.0

C 20 C 5
o
ae
o
s u s
etalon 2.5.3.5 6.5.4
C 20
o
ae
> u
With setting
delays
2.5 6.5

= effective age of concrete when finishing putting in work;

=concrete age limit for which re-vibrating is allowed;

No.crt Operation Mechanism used characteristics No
1 Horizontal
transportation
Truck mounted concrete
mixers

1

2

In site transportation
Tower-crane Mto-180 R=30[m]

7.2[T]
] h / m [ 3 . 7
3
ex
=


Tipper truck
] m [ 73 . 0 V
] m [ 8 . 0 V
3
b
3 '
b
=
=

4
3 Compaction Plate compactor V.C.20
] m [ 0 . 1 l
] m [ 1 . 1 l
] m [ 2 . 0 h
2
1
s
=
=
=

1