Submitted by:

SONAL SHARMA
AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF
ARCHITECTURE,JAIPUR
BATCH 11
1) INTRODUCTION 1

2) MAP OF INDIA 2

3) NORTHERN HINDU STYLE 3-7
Characteristic Features

4)CENTRAL HINDU STYLE 8-11
Characteristic Features

5)SOUTHERN HINDU STYLE 12-17
Characteristic Features

6)GRADUAL CHANGES OVER PERIOD.. 18-26

7)BIBLIOGRAPHY 27


Page no.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
The Hindu religion has evolved due to the combinations of faiths
of ARYANS and DRAVIDIANS.

In the latter half of the fifth century, the temple structure was
beginning to assume a prescribed form.

Over periods temples were either carved into rocks or excavated
or built in conventional fashion and all dedicated to Hindu
pantheon.

Temples contain large internal spaces
called.tabernacles,preceded by halls used for ritual, music and
dance.

Temples are often decorated with ornaments and sculptures
illustrating the great myths of the Hindu pantheon.
1
Hindu Architecture is sub-
divided into following 3 styles:
I. NORTHERN HINDU STYLE



II. CENTRAL HINDU STYLE




III. SOUTH HINDU STYLE





Ref: Great ages of W.Architecture
2
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
I. Northern Hindu Style /Indo-Aryan Style (A.D. 600 to the
present day).

o It started in the state of Kalinga(now called Orissa).
o Most important temples are JAGANATH TEMPLE at
PURI (1000A.D) built by Mahasivagupta Yayati II and the
SUN TEMPLE at KONARAK(1250A.D.) built by Narasinha I.
o Further the Northern Hindu Style was extended to
Rajputana, Gujarat and
Deccan.

















SUN TEMPLE
JAGANATH TEMPLE
3
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
Characteristic Features:
The typical plan of the temple is square the most basic.


Inside the vimana is a cella called GARBHA GRIHA and was
entered by a doorway on its inner and usually eastern side.


In front of the doorway was a hall called MANDAPA.


The pillars are notable for their absense.




4.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
PLAN
Ref:www.google.com
5.
PISTA
SIKHARA


The interior is plain,
featureless but exterior
walls are ornamented.
The temple rests on high
platform called PISTA.


The sanctuary as a whole is
known as the VIMANA, of
which the upper and pyramidal
or tapering portion is called the
SIKHARA


Ref: Hindu India
NARAGA TEMPLE IN ORISSA
6.
ASSEMBLY HALL
NAT-MANDIR
BHOG-MANDIR
Due to religious ritual development other buildings were added
in front,in one axial line such as BHOG-MANDIR in front followed
by NAT-MANDIR.
Ref: Hindu India
LINGARAJA TEMPLE IN BHUBANESHWAR
7.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
LAD KHAN (600-650 A.D.)
SECTION
PLAN
SIDE VIEW
HALL
PILLARS
8.
PLAN
SIDE VIEW
DURGA TEMPLE (675-725 A.D.)
EMBRYONIC SIKHARA
GALLERY
9.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
Characteristic Feature:
In this period combined features of contemporary north and
south indian style were seen.

Plans changed into a star-shape stellate plan by means of
number of recesses,offsets.(16 POINT STAR)


KESHAVA TEMPLE AT
SOMNATHPUR(1268)
PLAN OF HOYSALEWAR TEMPLE
(KARNATAKA) (1050-1300)

Ref: Hindu India & G.A.O.W.A
10.

SIKHARAS are missing in many
temples.


Notable feature of this style are the
bracket figures called, MADANIKAS
which depict women dancing or
playing music instrument.


The flat ceilings are highly ornate.


Artistic importance is given to the door-
ways of main entrance .

Ref: G.A.O.W.A.
TELE TEMPLE IN GWALIOR(M.P)
11.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62) 12.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
Characteristic Features:
Temple consists of GARBHA-GRIHA with a mantapa /open
porch.

The shrine containing the GARBHA-GRIHA is crowned with
steeply tapering 'SIKHARA formed by a horizontal system of
ornamented storeyed towers.

The mantapa is provided with flatter pyramidal covering.

The temple has an ambulatory consisting of an enclosed
corridor around the outside of the GARBHA-GRIHA.

13.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
SHRINE CROWNED WITH
STEEPLY TAPERING SIKHARA
ENCLOSED CORRIDOR
AROUND GARBHA-GRIHA
Ref: Hindu India & www.google.com
NARAGA TEMPLE IN ORISSA
14.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)

Pillars were outstanding features of this style




.
Later on the temples were added with many pillared
mantapas called, THOUSAND PILLARED MANTAPAS for
special rituals ,dance and music recitals.
RAMESHWARAM TEMPLE
15.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)

Temples were expanded with courtyard called, PRAKARAS

Dwellings for various grades of priests were provided in the
courtyard.

Temples were built on top of hills so as to guide the pilgrim to
the temple from miles away.
Another important addition is the KALYAN-MANTAPA placed
towards the left and in front of the entrance .

It is an open canopied pillared pavilion with a throne in the
centre over a raised platform for annaul celebration of the
marriage ceremony of the deity.
16.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
LATERAL ELEVATION & PLAN OF THE KESHAVA TEMPLE AT
SOMNATHPUR NEAR MYSORE,IT COMPRISES OF 64 CELLS TO
ACCOMMODATE PRIESTS & PILGRIMS.
COURTYARD
Ref: Hindu India 17.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
18.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)

Ref: Indian Architecture
19.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
20.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
THE TIGER CAVE AT MAMALLAPURAM(7
TH
CENTURY)
Ref: Hindu India 21.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
DRAUPADI RATHA AT
MAMALLAPURAM (7
TH

CENTURY)
IT IS A MONOLITH
CARVED FROM A
ROCK
22.
TEMPLE PLAN FORMS
Sonal Sharma(62)
ARJUNA RATHA AT
MAMALLAPURAM (7
TH

CENTURY)
IT IS CROWNED BY AN
OCTAGONAL MONOLITH
DOME
23.
BHIMA RATHA AT MAMALLAPURAM (7
TH
CENTURY)

ENTRANCE PORTICO HAS 4 FREE STANDING COLOUMNS
24.
STANDING ONE BEHIND
THE OTHER, THE TOWERS
OF SHORE TEMPLE AT
MAMALLAPURAM
STEPPED ROOF STOREYS
DECORATED WITH
MINIATURE BUILDINGS.
25.
KAILASANATHA TEMPLE AT KANCHIPURAM

FIRST HYPOSTYLE HALL LEADS THROUGH TO A SECOND
AND HENCE GRABHA-GRIHA.
26.
THE GREAT AGES OF WORLD ARCHITECTURE
-G.K. HIRASKAR.


HINDU INDIA
-HENRI STIERLIN



Indian Architecture(Buddhist & Hindu Periods)
( Part 1 & Part 2)
-PERCY BROWN


www.google.com
27.
THANK YOU