ENGN4536/ENGN6536 Assignment Two

Distributed on 24 August 2012

Due date: 7 September 2012 at 10 a.m. in the
assignment submission box
The assignment will be marked out of 20 and is worth
5% of the nal mark
Question One (3 marks):
Consider wireless transmission from a base station to a mobile terminal over
a multipath fading channel with rich scattering. The carrier frequency is at 1
GHz and the symbol duration is 1 micro second. The mobile terminal is moving
at a speed of 60 km/h. The rms delay spread of the multipath fading is 1 micro
second.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What is the coherence bandwidth of the channel that ensures more than
0.9 correlation in the channel frequency response?
(b) Do you expect severe inter-symbol interference to occur at the mobile ter-
minal?
(c) Does the wireless transmission experience slow fading, medium-rate fading,
or fast fading?
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Question Two (5 marks):
In this question, we want to compare the outage performance of two modu-
lation schemes over Rayleigh fading channel, namely, 8-PSK and 8-QAM.
You need to use the table on page 15 (or page 27) of lecture notes 8. Note
that in this table, the term
s
is the SNR per symbol averaged over all possi-
ble symbols in the constellation, e.g., for M-QAM schemes, since the symbols
have dierent energy. However, this
s
does not take into account the fading
process of the channel. When a system with M-QAM is operating in Rayleigh
fading channel, the SNR per symbol (averaged over all possible symbols in the
constellation) has an exponential distribution due to the eect of the fading
channel.
(a) Find out the average SNR per symbol (averaged over the fading process)
such that for 98% of time the symbol error probability of 8-PSK modula-
tion is less than 10
3
.
(b) With the average SNR per symbol (averaged over the fading process) found
in (a), nd out the outage probability for the 8-QAM for the same symbol
error probability of 10
3
(i.e., the percentage of time the symbol error
probability of 8-QAM is higher than 10
3
).
(c) Which modulation has a better outage performance?
Use the Q function table below and use the closest entry applicable.
Figure 1: Table of Q Function.
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Question Three (6 marks):
The following questions are on receiver diversity in Rayleigh fading channels.
(a) A mobile communications company has a 8-branch selection diversity (SD)
receiver in its premises. You are asked to design a maximum ratio combin-
ing (MRC) diversity receiver that gives the same average postprocessing
SNR performance as the existing SD receiver. Assume that all branches
have the same average pre-processing SNR in both diversity schemes. How
many diversity branches will there be in your design?
(b) Compute the outage probability in the absence of any diversity (i.e., only
one receiver antenna) and with the following parameters: minimum re-
quired SNR
0
= 10 dB for acceptable performance and average received
SNR = 20 dB.
(c) As a system designer, you are asked to improve the outage probability
performance for the system described in (b) to be at most 0.01 by em-
ploying multiple receiver antennas. You can either choose SD scheme
or MRC scheme. What is the minimum number of antennas needed in
each scheme? With the minimum number of required antennas installed,
what is the obtained outage probability in each scheme? Assume that all
branches have the same average pre-processing SNR equal to 20 dB.
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Question Four (3 marks):
A cellular system designed based on DS-CDMA can support a total of K
users in the system. Assume user #1 is the desired user for the signal reception.
The received signal at the base station is given by
r(t) = m
1
(t)a
1
(t) +
K

k=2
m
k
(t)a
k
(t) + n(t),
where m
k
(t) is the information signal from user k and a
k
(t) is the spreading
code of user k.
Assume the following:
The transmitted signal of user #1, i.e., m
1
(t)a
1
(t) has power -80 dBW.
The transmitted signal of any other users, i.e., m
k
(t)a
k
(t), has power -90
dBW.
The spreading (processing) gain is 100.
The receiver noise power is negligible. Hence, the AWGN term n(t) can
be ignored.
Determine the following quantities:
(a) The SNR (or more correctly the SIR) of user #1 after despreading as a
function of K.
(b) Suppose the acceptable SNR of user #1 after despreading is 10 dB. How
many users can this cellular system support at most?
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Question Five (3 marks):
Consider an OFDM system with sampling interval of 0.2 s at the trans-
mitter and receiver. The system is operating over a multipath fading channel
with the following power delay prole (in Watts)
A
c
() = 7 10
4
() + 3 10
4
( a) + 2 10
4
( b),
where
a = 5s, b = 3s.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Determine the minimum length of the cyclic prex so that the OFDM
receiver experiences no inter-symbol interference. The cyclic prex length
has to be a power of two.
(b) If the number of OFDM subcarriers is 256, what is the percentage of
throughput loss due to the insertion of the cyclic prex with length deter-
mined in (a)?
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