Typical Graph

This is an example
of a typical graph we
are all familiar with.
The graph is made
up of different
points with lines
that connect
the points.
Typical Graph
Each point has
two values:
The X value
that runs along
the
horizontal X
axis
The Y value
that runs along
the
vertical Y
axis
Y axis
X axis
Typical Graph
X value is
always stated first
Followed by the
Y value
The origin is
the point where
the 2 axes
intersect with a
value of (0,0)
(0,0)
(3,8)
Y
X
(9,5)
Typical Graph
A point can also
have negative
(-) values
Negative X
values are to the
left
of the origin
(0,0)
Negative Y
values are below
the
origin
X
Y
(-X,+Y)
(+X,-Y)
(+X,+Y)
(-X,-Y)
(0,0)
East West, North South on The Earth

Let the X axis be the
Equator.
Let the Y axis be the
Prime Meridian
that runs through
Greenwich outside
of London.
Lat/Long are the 2
grid points by
which you can locate
any point on
earth.
Y
X
East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of
the four
quarters then
be designated
by North or
South and
East or West.
N
S
E W
East West, North South on the Earth
The N tells us
were north of the
Equator. The S tells
us were south of
the Equator.
The E tells us that
were east of the
Prime Meridian. The
W tells us that
were west of the
Prime Meridian.
(N, W) (N, E)
(S, W) (S, E)
East West, North South on the Earth
That means all
points in North
America will have
a North latitude and
a West longitude
because it is North
of the Equator and
West of the Prime
Meridian.
(N, W)
Prime Meridian
East West, North South on the Earth
What would be
the latitude and
longitude
directions in
Australia?
Prime Meridian
If you said South and East , youre right!
What is Latitude?
Latitude is the
distance from the
equator along the Y
axis.
All points along the
equator have a value
of 0 degrees latitude.
North pole = 90N
South pole = 90S
Values are
expressed in terms of
degrees.
Y
X
90S
90N
What is Latitude?
Each degree
of latitude is
divided into
60 minutes.
Each minute
is divided into
60 seconds.

Y
X
90S
90N
This is also true of longitude.
What is Latitude?
For Example:
37, 02,51N
This is close
to the latitude
where you live.

Y
X
90S
90N
What is Longitude?
Longitude is the
distance from the
prime meridian along
the X axis.
All points along the
prime meridian have a
value of 0 degrees
longitude.
The earth is divided
into two parts, or
hemispheres, of
east and west
longitude.

Y
X
180W
180E
What is Longitude?
The earth is
divided into 360
equal slices
(meridians)
180 west and
180 east of the
prime meridian

Y
X
180W
180E
What is Latitude?
Our latitude
and longitude
might be:
37, 03,13N
76, 29, 45W

Y
X
90S
90N
So Where is (0,0)?
The origin
point (0,0) is
where the
equator
intersects the
prime
meridian.
(0,0) is off the
western coast
of Africa in the
Atlantic Ocean.
See If You Can Tell In Which
Quarter These Lon/Lats Are
Located
1. 41N, 21E
2. 37N, 76W
3. 72S, 141W
4. 7S, 23W
5. 15N, 29E
6. 34S, 151E
A B
C
D
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D

See if you can
find those same
latitude/longitude
locations on a
map!
Equator Latitude 0
o

Latitude: (90
o
N to 90
o
S)
Latitude 23
o
North Tropic of Cancer
Latitude 23
o
South
Tropic of Capricorn
Longitude 30
o
East
Longitude 60
o
East
Longitude 30
o
West
Longitude 60
o
West
Positioning on the Earths Surface
East is the direction of
rotation of the Earth
North Pole
South Pole
23
o

23
o

66
o

90
o

90
0

21
st
June
22
nd
December
22
nd
Sept
20
th
March
30
o
E 60
o
E 90
o
E 90
o
W 30
o
W 60
o
W
Longitude 90
o
East
Longitude 90
o
West
Prime Meridian
0
o
Longitude

Longitude: (180
o
E to 180
o
W)
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earths surface.
Now youre ready to
find some locations on
a map!