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This study, completed in August 2014 by the US Forest Service, in cooperation with the City of
Springfield, MA and Regreen Springfield, a non-profit tree advocate organization located in
Springfield. The City of Springfield has collected information on the size, species, condition
and location of all trees growing on the grounds of over 60 public schools in the city, which
provides a robust dataset for exploratory data analysis. In this case, researchers from the
Forest Service, focused on two schools of similar age, size and construction type to perform
data analysis using i-Tree, an ecosystem analysis tool developed by the Forest Service and
its partners. The intent of the study was to compare the ecosystem benefits of two
elementary schools, based on tree canopy calculations.
Originaltitel
i-Tree Report on Tree Canopy Benefits at Lincoln and Glenwood Elementary Schools
This study, completed in August 2014 by the US Forest Service, in cooperation with the City of
Springfield, MA and Regreen Springfield, a non-profit tree advocate organization located in
Springfield. The City of Springfield has collected information on the size, species, condition
and location of all trees growing on the grounds of over 60 public schools in the city, which
provides a robust dataset for exploratory data analysis. In this case, researchers from the
Forest Service, focused on two schools of similar age, size and construction type to perform
data analysis using i-Tree, an ecosystem analysis tool developed by the Forest Service and
its partners. The intent of the study was to compare the ecosystem benefits of two
elementary schools, based on tree canopy calculations.
This study, completed in August 2014 by the US Forest Service, in cooperation with the City of
Springfield, MA and Regreen Springfield, a non-profit tree advocate organization located in
Springfield. The City of Springfield has collected information on the size, species, condition
and location of all trees growing on the grounds of over 60 public schools in the city, which
provides a robust dataset for exploratory data analysis. In this case, researchers from the
Forest Service, focused on two schools of similar age, size and construction type to perform
data analysis using i-Tree, an ecosystem analysis tool developed by the Forest Service and
its partners. The intent of the study was to compare the ecosystem benefits of two
elementary schools, based on tree canopy calculations.
Daniel Strom, University of Massachusetts Benjamin George, Regreen Springfield, Inc. i- Tree Design Tree Benet Report Glenwood and Lincoln Elementary Schools Springeld, MA In partnership with About this Study
This study, completed in August 2014 by the US Forest Service, in cooperation with the City of Springeld, MA and Regreen Springeld, a non-prot tree advocate organization located in Springeld. The City of Springeld has collected information on the size, species, condition and location of all trees growing on the grounds of over 60 public schools in the city, which provides a robust dataset for exploratory data analysis. In this case, researchers from the Forest Service, focused on two schools of similar age, size and construction type to perform data analysis using i-Tree, an ecosystem analysis tool developed by the Forest Service and its partners. The intent of the study was to compare the ecosystem benets of two elementary schools, based on tree canopy calculations. Lincoln Elementary School and Glenwood School are both located at the northeast corner of Springeld, and are less than 1.1 mile from each other. Data was collected by the Springeld Forestry Division and the i-Tree analysis was completed by Forest Service staff, using the i-Tree Design component of the software tools.
i-Tree Software
i-Tree is a state-of-the-art, peer-reviewed software suite from the USDA Forest Service that provides urban forestry analysis and benets assessment tools. The i-Tree Tools help communities of all sizes to strengthen their urban forest management and advocacy efforts by quantifying the structure of community trees and the environmental services that trees provide.
Developed by USDA Forest Service and numerous cooperators, i-Tree is in the public domain and can be downloaded for free. The Forest Service, Davey Tree Expert Company, National Arbor Day Foundation, Society of Municipal Arborists, International Society of Arboriculture, and Casey Trees have entered into a cooperative partnership to further develop, disseminate and provide technical support for the suite. i- Tree Design Tree Benet Report Glenwood and Lincoln Elementary Schools Springeld, MA August 2014 i-Tree Design
i-Tree Design allows anyone to make a simple estimation of the benets provided by individual trees. With inputs of location, species, tree size, and condition, users will receive an understanding of tree benets related to greenhouse gas mitigation, air quality improvements, and storm water interception. With the additional step of drawing a building footprint and virtually planting or placing a tree tree effects on building energy use can be evaluated.
Tree benets are estimated for (a) the current year, (b) a user-specied forecast year sometime in the future, (c) the projected total benets across that future timespan, and (d) the total benets provided to date (based on estimated tree age). Multiple trees and buildings can be added to compare benets or to provide a full accounting of a propertys trees.
This tool is intended as a simple and accessible starting point for understanding the value of individual trees or a small population of trees to a community. Glenwood Elementary School Lincoln Elementary School The Schools in this Study Lincoln Elementary School Glenwood Elementary School Glenwood Elementary School Lincoln Elementary School Total Area 127,185 sq. ft. 96,584 sq. ft. School Building 10,708 sq. ft. (8%) 11,247 sq. ft. (12%) Parking Lots (Asphalt) 32,421 sq. ft. (25%) 29,153 sq. ft. (30%) Sidewalks and Paths (Concrete) 7,220 sq. ft. (6%) 13,469 sq. ft. (14%) Non-Impervious 50,349 sq. ft. (40%) 42,622 sq. ft. (44%) Total Green Space 76,836 sq. ft. (60%) 53,962 sq. ft. (56%) School Property and Building Characteristics In 2014, at Lincoln Elementary School, i- Tree Design estimates that there will be a total savings of $434.72. $236.59 of savings from storm water runoff due to the interception of 29, 573 gallons of rainfall. $160.16 from winter energy savings. $28.44 due to air quality improvements. $9.53 due to the reduction of carbon dioxide. i- Tree Design Analysis Lincoln Elementary School In 2029, 15 years from now, at Lincoln Elementary School, i- Tree Design calculates that the trees benet will increase, leading to a total savings of $539.22. The interception of 38,426 gallons of rainfall, a total savings of $307.42 . Air quality improvements will result in $37.32 in savings. Carbon Dioxide will be reduced and draw $14.39 of savings. The trees at Lincoln Elementary School have provided great ecosystem benets since they were planted many years ago. i- Tree Design was used to calculate the benets of these trees during their lifetime. The total benets of these trees thus far amounts to an estimated $20,123. Over half, $11,550 has been due to storm water runoff and the interception of 1,443,741 gallons of water. $1,305 has been saved due to improvement of air quality and $259 has been saved from reduced carbon dioxide. $7,009 has been saved due to the saving of energy over many winters In 2014, at Glenwood Elementary School, i- Tree Design estimates that there will be $1,833.10 of savings. 124,930 gallons of rainfall will be intercepted, drawing $999.43 of savings. Air quality improvements will get $118.15 in savings. $65.79 will be saved due to carbon dioxide reduction. Winter energy savings will result in $649.73. In 2029, at Glenwood Elementary School, i- Tree Design approximates a total savings of $2,134.92. $1,288.15 will be saved from the trees intercepting 161,018 gallons of water. $153.31 will come from air quality improvements. Carbon dioxide reduction will bring $81.42 of savings. $612.05 will come from the saving of energy during the winter. Glenwood Elementary School Glenwood Elementary School, much like Lincoln Elementary, has beneted greatly from their trees over past years. i- Tree Design estimates that, to date, the trees at Glenwood have saved $41,881. $21,390 of that is saved from storm water runoff and the interception of 2,673,812 gallons of water. $2,506 of savings has come via air quality improvement. Another $1,625 has been saved from reducing carbon dioxide. Energy conservation during many winters has resulted in $16,360 in savings. Lincoln Elementary School i- Tree Design Report Total Projected Benefits (2014-2029) - Over the next 15 years, based on forecasted tree growth, i-Tree Design projects total benefits worth $7,288: $4,035 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 504,314 gallons of rainfall $488 of air quality improvement savings by absorbing and intercepting pollutants such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter; reducing energy production needs; and lowering air temperature $177 of savings by reducing 18,263 lbs. of atmospheric carbon dioxide through CO 2 sequestration and decreased energy production needs and emissions $0 of summer energy savings by direct shading and air cooling effect through evapotranspiration $2,588 of winter energy savings by slowing down winds and reducing home heat loss Figure 1. Tree benefit forecast for 15 years Figure 2. Annual tree benefits for 2014 Current Year - For 2014, i-Tree Design estimates annual tree benefits of $434.72: $236.59 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 29,573 gallons of rainfall $28.44 of air quality improvement savings $9.53 of carbon dioxide reduction savings $0.00 of summer energy savings $160.16 of winter energy savings A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 1 of 3
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Lincoln Elementary School, 732 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01107, USA Trees Evaluated: 16 Future Year - In the year 2029, based on forecasted tree growth, i-Tree Design projects annual benefits of $539.22: $307.42 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 38,426 gallons of rainfall $37.32 of air quality improvement savings $14.39 of carbon dioxide reduction savings $0.00 of summer energy savings $180.09 of winter energy savings Figure 3. Annual tree benefits for the year 2029 Figure 4. Total benefits to date Total Benefits to Date - Over the life of the tree(s) so far, i-Tree Design calculates total benefits worth $20,123: $11,550 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 1,443,741 gallons of rainfall $1,305 of air quality improvement savings $259 of carbon dioxide reduction savings $0 of summer energy savings $7,009 of winter energy savings A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 2 of 3
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Lincoln Elementary School, 732 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01107, USA Trees Evaluated: 16 Individual Tree Benefits Tree DBH (in) Condition Location to Structure Benefits Current Year (2014) Future Year (2029) Projected Total (2014-2029) Total to Date 1. Apple 11 Fair West (188 ft) $6.17 $9.22 $115 $70 2. Apple 7 Fair West (185 ft) $3.36 $6.78 $73 $23 3. Pine 12 Fair Southwest (173 ft) $56.63 $59.91 $873 $1,115 4. Pine 19 Fair Southwest (183 ft) $65.05 $67.44 $993 $2,883 5. Maple 60 Fair Southwest (84 ft) $52.62 $52.62 $789 $4,437 6. London planetree 15 Good Southeast (26 ft) $17.48 $43.82 $482 $236 7. European beech 41 Fair Southeast (19 ft) $53.39 $53.39 $801 $5,088 8. Spruce 24 Fair Northeast (79 ft) $67.89 $67.85 $1,018 $3,856 9. Spruce 15 Fair Northeast (89 ft) $28.44 $31.64 $447 $730 10. Apple 11 Fair Northeast (70 ft) $6.17 $9.22 $115 $70 11. Callery pear 4 Fair North (25 ft) $1.79 $12.78 $114 $6 12. London planetree 9 Excellent East (104 ft) $8.17 $19.75 $201 $52 13. Northern red oak 29 Excellent Northeast (112 ft) $42.36 $45.58 $659 $1,386 14. London planetree 8 Excellent East (106 ft) $7.03 $18.20 $181 $38 15. London planetree 12 Excellent East (108 ft) $12.27 $24.35 $266 $106 16. London planetree 7 Excellent Northeast (117 ft) $5.90 $16.67 $161 $27 Total $434.72 $539.22 $7,288 $20,123 DBH: "diameter at breast height" is the standard measurement of tree trunk width at 4.5 feet (1.5 meters) above the ground. A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 3 of 3
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Lincoln Elementary School, 732 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01107, USA Trees Evaluated: 16 Glenwood Elementary School i- Tree Design Report Total Projected Benefits (2014-2029) - Over the next 15 years, based on forecasted tree growth, i-Tree Design projects total benefits worth $29,787: $17,073 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 2,134,068 gallons of rainfall $2,028 of air quality improvement savings by absorbing and intercepting pollutants such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter; reducing energy production needs; and lowering air temperature $1,110 of savings by reducing 114,342 lbs. of atmospheric carbon dioxide through CO 2 sequestration and decreased energy production needs and emissions $0 of summer energy savings by direct shading and air cooling effect through evapotranspiration $9,576 of winter energy savings by slowing down winds and reducing home heat loss Figure 1. Tree benefit forecast for 15 years Figure 2. Annual tree benefits for 2014 Current Year - For 2014, i-Tree Design estimates annual tree benefits of $1,833.10: $999.43 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 124,930 gallons of rainfall $118.15 of air quality improvement savings $65.79 of carbon dioxide reduction savings $0.00 of summer energy savings $649.73 of winter energy savings A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 1 of 6
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA Trees Evaluated: 69 Future Year - In the year 2029, based on forecasted tree growth, i-Tree Design projects annual benefits of $2,134.92: $1,288.15 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 161,018 gallons of rainfall $153.31 of air quality improvement savings $81.42 of carbon dioxide reduction savings $0.00 of summer energy savings $612.05 of winter energy savings Figure 3. Annual tree benefits for the year 2029 Figure 4. Total benefits to date Total Benefits to Date - Over the life of the tree(s) so far, i-Tree Design calculates total benefits worth $41,881: $21,390 of stormwater runoff savings by intercepting 2,673,812 gallons of rainfall $2,506 of air quality improvement savings $1,625 of carbon dioxide reduction savings $0 of summer energy savings $16,360 of winter energy savings A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 2 of 6
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA Trees Evaluated: 69 Individual Tree Benefits Tree DBH (in) Condition Location to Structure Benefits Current Year (2014) Future Year (2029) Projected Total (2014-2029) Total to Date 1. Red maple 29 Fair West (152 ft) $29.03 $29.03 $435 $720 2. Eastern cottonwood 25 Fair West (150 ft) $34.84 $48.80 $619 $639 3. Eastern cottonwood 23 Fair West (151 ft) $30.98 $44.60 $558 $521 4. Red maple 25 Fair West (167 ft) $24.53 $24.53 $368 $527 5. Red maple 22 Fair West (123 ft) $21.68 $22.65 $333 $403 6. Red maple 34 Fair West (108 ft) $33.58 $33.58 $504 $1,007 7. Bigleaf linden 25 Good West (88 ft) $29.42 $39.90 $513 $723 8. Sugar maple 30 Good Northwest (78 ft) $38.41 $44.49 $617 $2,029 9. Pine 12 Poor Northwest (106 ft) $48.81 $49.73 $738 $1,051 10. Black locust 24 Fair Northwest (88 ft) $30.43 $30.43 $456 $552 11. Northern red oak 41 Good Northwest (55 ft) $96.05 $98.62 $1,459 $5,761 12. Pine 19 Fair Northwest (112 ft) $58.33 $60.22 $889 $2,943 13. Black locust 5 Fair Northwest (171 ft) $3.61 $11.38 $110 $12 14. Red maple 26 Poor Northwest (129 ft) $18.99 $18.99 $285 $425 15. Northern red oak 5 Fair Northwest (122 ft) $3.81 $9.52 $96 $17 16. Northern red oak 18 Fair Northwest (122 ft) $20.77 $25.46 $346 $405 17. Eastern white pine 7 Fair Northwest (112 ft) $8.03 $12.75 $161 $30 A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 3 of 6
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA Trees Evaluated: 69 18. Red mulberry 7 Fair Northwest (103 ft) $5.50 $10.55 $117 $37 19. Black oak 21 Fair Northwest (92 ft) $25.34 $29.33 $409 $590 20. Red maple 8 Good Northwest (68 ft) $7.74 $16.37 $182 $43 21. Black locust 13 Fair Northwest (69 ft) $13.57 $16.88 $228 $130 22. Black locust 13 Fair Northwest (55 ft) $46.99 $50.30 $730 $476 23. Red maple 6 Fair Northwest (60 ft) $4.79 $12.25 $125 $19 24. Red maple 13 Fair Northwest (57 ft) $45.92 $50.60 $725 $486 25. White ash 6 Fair Northwest (121 ft) $4.69 $10.14 $107 $25 26. Black cherry 6 Fair Northwest (116 ft) $2.73 $6.54 $67 $12 27. London planetree 8 Fair Northwest (109 ft) $6.09 $13.89 $145 $33 28. White ash 21 Good North (102 ft) $25.75 $33.20 $439 $596 29. Eastern white pine 10 Good North (96 ft) $39.37 $69.47 $893 $191 30. White ash 17 Good North (109 ft) $19.94 $27.15 $350 $366 31. Red maple 19 Good North (149 ft) $20.79 $23.37 $332 $326 32. Eastern white pine 28 Good North (131 ft) $60.12 $45.16 $799 $2,290 33. White ash 13 Good North (133 ft) $14.28 $21.96 $269 $195 34. Pine 13 Fair North (131 ft) $47.72 $37.10 $638 $1,400 35. Pin oak 26 Good North (104 ft) $37.17 $48.90 $643 $711 36. Eastern white pine 12 Fair North (101 ft) $30.05 $34.48 $502 $221 37. White ash 16 Good North (123 ft) $18.51 $25.75 $330 $318 38. Northern red oak 22 Fair North (101 ft) $26.34 $30.11 $422 $642 39. Red maple 12 Good North (77 ft) $12.77 $19.13 $241 $116 40. Northern red oak 16 Fair North (71 ft) $17.98 $23.37 $310 $308 A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 4 of 6
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA Trees Evaluated: 69 41. Red maple 30 Fair North (89 ft) $30.18 $30.18 $453 $773 42. Pitch pine 13 Fair North (80 ft) $13.74 $21.86 $266 $151 43. Red maple 15 Fair North (81 ft) $14.63 $18.46 $249 $174 44. Pitch pine 9 Fair North (98 ft) $35.08 $36.36 $565 $186 45. Red maple 13 Fair Northeast (87 ft) $12.56 $17.25 $224 $125 46. Black cherry 4 Fair Northeast (42 ft) $7.72 $38.77 $255 $17 47. Littleleaf linden 12 Good Northeast (46 ft) $14.71 $30.26 $318 $200 48. Flowering dogwood 8 Good Northeast (23 ft) $9.75 $11.58 $160 $100 49. Red maple 30 Fair Northeast (65 ft) $30.18 $30.18 $453 $773 50. Spruce 23 Fair Northeast (70 ft) $28.36 $28.10 $427 $2,136 51. Northern red oak 30 Fair Northeast (73 ft) $38.23 $40.40 $589 $1,293 52. Red maple 12 Good East (74 ft) $12.77 $19.13 $241 $116 53. Red maple 9 Good East (77 ft) $8.95 $17.19 $198 $58 54. Scotch pine 17 Fair East (60 ft) $63.21 $66.39 $989 $1,059 55. Pin cherry 9 Fair East (87 ft) $3.50 $3.68 $54 $39 56. Scotch pine 20 Fair East (65 ft) $54.83 $45.59 $764 $1,324 57. Red maple 7 Fair East (71 ft) $5.88 $13.08 $141 $28 58. Scotch pine 17 Fair East (52 ft) $83.57 $88.89 $1,307 $1,399 59. Red maple 7 Fair East (81 ft) $5.88 $13.08 $141 $28 60. Scotch pine 13 Fair East (75 ft) $56.43 $45.72 $803 $618 61. Pin oak 23 Fair East (86 ft) $28.32 $38.69 $499 $473 62. Pine 14 Fair East (93 ft) $12.61 $15.87 $212 $584 63. Black cherry 5 Fair East (99 ft) $2.20 $5.96 $59 $8 64. Eastern white pine 13 Fair East (90 ft) $48.89 $40.17 $666 $412 65. Red maple 27 Poor East (93 ft) $19.82 $19.82 $297 $459 66. Pine 11 Fair East (58 ft) $75.85 $79.16 $1,161 $1,273 67. Red maple 14 Fair East (62 ft) $13.60 $17.85 $236 $149 A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 5 of 6
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA Trees Evaluated: 69 68. Red maple 24 Fair Southwest (149 ft) $23.58 $23.86 $356 $484 69. Norway maple 16 Fair Southwest (134 ft) $12.62 $16.73 $220 $148 Total $1,833.10 $2,134.92 $29,787 $41,881 DBH: "diameter at breast height" is the standard measurement of tree trunk width at 4.5 feet (1.5 meters) above the ground. A cooperative initiative between: http://www.itreetools.org 6 of 6
i-Tree Design v6.0 Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014 Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA Trees Evaluated: 69
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