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LIFE PROCESSES

1. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? (1 mark)


Answer: The raw materials and other necessary items required for
photosynthesis are Sunliht! Water! "#$ and "hlorophyll.
$. %i&e the enery transformation that takes place in the process of
photosynthesis. (1 mark)
Ans: 'iht enery con&erted into chemical enery
(. Write the equation of photosynthesis. (1 mark)
Ans:
Sunliht
)"#$ * 1$+$# ,,,,,,,- ")+1$
#)
* )#$ * )+$
#
chloroph
yll
.. What is the respiratory oran of earthworm? (1 mark)
Ans: %aseous e/chane occurs throuh moist skin 0y diffusion
1. %i&e the function of /ylem. (1 mark)
Ans: Transport water and mineral to reen lea&es
). Write any two functions of lare intestine to man. ($ marks)
Ans(a) 2nner linin of colon has num0ers of &illi that a0sor0 water from
undiested food and form solid waste
(0) Store solid secrete in rectum and spell out with anus
3. +ow are luns desined in human 0eins to ma/imi4e the area for
e/chane of ases ($ marks)
Ans: The luns et filled up with air durin the process of inhalation as
ri0s are lifted up and diaphram is flattened. The air that is rushed inside
the luns fills the numerous al&eoli present in the luns.
These numerous al&eoli increase the surface area for aseous e/chane
makin the process of respiration more efficient.
5. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the o/yen requirements of
multicellular oranisms like human? ($ marks)
Ans: 6iffusion is insufficient to meet the enery requirements of lare
multicellular oranisms like humans 0ecause the &olume of the human
0ody is so 0i that o/yen the diffusion pressure alone cannot take care
of o/yen deli&ery to all parts of the 0ody. This is 0ecause o/yen has to
tra&el lare distances inside the 0ody to reach each and e&ery cell
quickly 0ut diffusion is a &ery slow process.
7. 6raw the human heart and la0el its parts. ($ marks)
Ans: See 8"9:T ;iure ).1< ,Sectional &iew of the human heart
1<. What is the role of the acid in our stomach? ($ marks)
Ans: The hydrochloric acid creates an acidic medium which facilitates
the action of the en4yme pepsin and also kills 0acteria present in food.
11. 6raw a diaram = descri0e the process 0y which e/cretion occurs in
amoe0a. (( marks)
Ans: Amoe0a remo&es these wastes 0y simple diffusion from the 0ody
surface into the surroundin water.
>Amoe0a is an ammonotelic oranism since the principal e/cretory
product is ammonia. Special e/cretory oranelle in Amoe0a is lackin.
"#$ and ammonia are e/erted 0y diffusin is solution throuh plasma
mem0rane. The concentration of ammonia is always hiher in Amoe0a
than in the surroundin water. The water enters throuh plasma
mem0rane 0y ?endosmosis@. Ammonia is formed in cytoplasm 0y
meta0olism. Surplus water enters contractile &acuole. This surplus water
can rupture the animalAs 0ody. Thus si4e of contractile &acuole increases!
when the contractile &acuole is fully e/panded with water! it mo&es
towards the periphery. As it comes in close contact with the plasma
mem0rane! the contractile &acuole 0ursts. Thus e/cess of water (surplus
water) is dischared in the surroundin water! this phenomenon of
controllin the amount of water in the 0ody is called as
?osmoreulation@. B
1$. +ow does 0lood circulate 0etween luns and heart in human 0eins?
%i&e two functions of lymph in human 0ody. (( marks)
Ans: At first the impure 0lood from all the 0ody parts reach the riht
auricle and then into riht &entricle.;rom riht &entricle it is carried to
luns throuh Culmonary arteries .2n luns! it ets purified >al&eoli do
the purificationB and then it is send to left auricle throuh Culmonary
Dein. ;rom left auricle it flows into left &entricle and then to all the 0ody
parts throuh systemic aorta.
'ymph carries diested and a0sor0ed fat from intestine and drains e/cess
fluid from e/tra cellular space 0ack into the 0lood.
1(. +ow do each of the followin factors affect the producti&ity in the
process of photosynthesis?
(i) Temperature (ii) Water (iii) "ar0on dio/ide. (( marks)
Ans: (i) Temperature : The hiher the temperature then typically the
reater the rate of photosynthesis! photosynthesis is a chemical reaction
and the rate of most chemical reactions increases with temperature
(ii) Water : An increase in the amount of water leads to the increase in
the amount of photosynthesis.
The amount of water a&aila0le to the plant will affect the rate of
photosynthesis. 2f the plant does not ha&e enouh water! the plantAs
stomata will shut and the plant will 0e depri&ed of "#$! and thus lower
photosynthesis rate .
(iii) "ar0on dio/ide. The concentration of car0on dio/ide in the 9arthAs
atmosphere &aries 0etween <.<(E and <.<.E. An increase in the
concentration of car0on dio/ide i&es an increase in the rate of
photosynthesis.
1.. Write necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and its 0y,
products? (( marks)
Ans: The necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition are :
1. Sunliht $.water (."#$ ..chlorophyllF 2tAs 0y,products are
car0ohydrates = o/yen
11. +ow are fats diested in our 0ody? Where does this process take
place? (( marks)
Ans: ;ats are present in the form of lare lo0ules in the small intestine.
The small intestine ets the secretions in the form of 0ile Guice and
pancreatic Guice respecti&ely from the li&er and the pancreas. The 0ile
salts (from the li&er) 0reak down the lare fat lo0ules into smaller
lo0ules so that the pancreatic en4ymes can easily act on them. This is
referred to as emulsification of fats. 2t takes place in the small intestine.
1). (i) 6raw a la0eled diaram of the respiratory system of human 0eins
with diaphram at the end of e/piration. (1 marks)
(ii) 'ist four conditions required for efficient as e/chane in an
oranism
Ans:
(ii) (a)A lare surface area o&er which e/chane can take place.
(0) A concentration radient without which nothin will diffuse.
(c) A thin surface across which ases diffuse.
(d) Warm conditions
"hemistry Test,"h,1: "hemical :eactions Page
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