CHAPTER 15: RIZALS SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889

I. DIFFICULTY OF FINDING QUARTERS

a. The Universal Exposition o !""# attra$te% tho&san%s o to&rists' th&s( all hotel a$$o))o%ations *ere
ta+en
II. RI,AL AND -ARIS E.-OSITION OF !""#
a. The /reatest attra$tion o this exposition *as the Ei0el To*er
1. International Art Co)petition in the Exposition
i. Felix 2i%al/o 3 4
n%
pri5e
ii. 6&an L&na 7 Felix -ar%o %e Tavera 3 8
r%
pri5e
iii. Ri5al9s 1&st 3 no pri5e
III. :IDLAT CLU;
a. -&rel< a so$ial so$iet< o a te)porar< nat&re
1. It *as o&n%e% 1< Ri5al to 1rin/ to/ether <o&n/ Filipinos in the Fren$h $apital so that the< $o&l% en=o<
their so=o&rn in the $it< %&rin/ the %&ration o the Universal Exposition.
$. It *ill %isappear li+e li/htnin/
I>. INDIOS ;RA>OS
a. Ri5al an% the )e)1ers o the :i%lat Cl&1 *ere a)a5e% to see the ;&0alo ;&ll sho* *hi$h eat&re%
the A)eri$an In%ians
1. These Re% s+inne% In%ians *ere pro&%l< ri%in/ their st&r%< ponies( ele/antl< %resse% in their native
attire an% *earin/ their *ar eathers an% paints.
$. Ri5al tol% his rien%s?
i. Let &s 1e pro&% o the na)e In%io an% )a+e o&r Spanish ene)ies revise their $on$eption o
the ter)
ii. @e shall 1e In%ios ;ravos
iii. The In%ios ;ravos A1rave In%iansB repla$e% the ephe)eral :i%lat Cl&1.
%. Ce)1ers ple%/e% to ex$el in intelle$t&al an% ph<si$al pro*ess in or%er to *in the a%)iration o the
orei/ners( parti$&larl< the Spaniar%s.
i. The< pra$ti$e% *ith /reat enth&sias) the &se o the s*or% an% the pistol.
ii. Ri5al ta&/ht the) =&%o( an Asian art o selD%eense that he learne% in 6apan.
>. R.D.L.C. SOCIETY
a. The letters R.D.L.C. are 1elieve% to 1e the initials o the so$iet<9s se$ret na)e Re%en$ion %e los
Cala<os ARe%e)ption o the the Cala<sB.
1. It *as patterne% ater Free)asonr<
$. The ai) o the se$ret so$iet<( as state% 1< Ri5al *as the Epropa/ation o all &se&l +no*le%/e F
s$ientiG$( artisti$( literar<( et$. F in the -hil.H
%. Ri5al *as inspire% 1< a a)o&s 1oo+ entitle% Cax 2avelaar *ritten 1< C&ltat&li
i. This 1oo+ expose% the )isera1le $on%itions o the oppresse% Cala< inha1itants o the
Netherlan%s East In%ies &n%er D&t$h R&les
e. Letter to ;l&)entritt?
i. Reveale% his intentions to 1e a lea%er o ree%o)( i not in the -hilippines( then in ;orneo.
ii. I it is i)possi1le or )e to /ive ree%o) to )< $o&ntr<( at least I sho&l% li+e to /ive it to these
no1le $o)patriots in other lan%s.
>I. ANNOTATED EDITION OF CORGA -U;LIS2ED
a. ;l&)entritt $ens&re% Ri5al or t*o thin/s *hi$h reveale% Ri5al9s errors( na)el<?
i. Ri5al $o))its the error o )an< historians in appraisin/ the events o the past in the li/ht o
present stan%ar%s
ii. Ri5al9s atta$+ on the Ch&r$h *ere &nair an% &n=&stiGe% 1e$a&se the a1&ses o the riars
sho&l% not 1e $onstr&e% to )ean the Catholi$is) is 1a%.
1. Ri5al %e%i$ate% his ne* e%ition o Cor/a to the Filipino people so that the< *o&l% +no* o their
/lorio&s past. 2is %e%i$ation is as ollo*s?
i. ;orn an% reare% in i/noran$e o o&r past li+e al)ost all o <o&? *itho&t voi$e nor a&thorit< to
spea+ o *hat *e have not seen nor st&%ie% I %ee)e% it ne$essar< to invo+e the testi)on< o
an Ill&strio&s Spaniar% *ho $ontrolle% the %estinies o the -hilippines at the 1e/innin/ o its
ne* era an% personall< *itnesse% the last %a<s o o&r an$ient nationalit<.
$. Ri5al prove% that the Filipinos *ere alrea%< $ivili5e% 1eore the a%vent o Spain
i. The< ha% $lothes( /overn)ent( la*s( *ritin/( literat&re( reli/ion( arts( s$ien$es( an% $o))er$e
*ith nei/h1orin/ Asian nations.
ii. Ri5al 1laste% the histori$al heresies o the Spanish *riters *ho $lai)e% that the earl< Filipinos
*ere sava/es an% *ere o lo* )entalit<.
>II. T2E -2ILI--INES @IT2IN A CENTURY
a. In this arti$le( Ri5al pre%i$te% *ith a)a5in/ a$$&ra$< the tra/i$ en% o Spain9s soverei/nt< in Asia.
1. Colonies esta1lishe% to s&1serve the poli$< an% $o))er$e o the soverei/n $o&ntr<( all event&all<
1e$o)e in%epen%ent
>III. T2E INDOLENCE OF T2E FILI-INOS
a. It is an a1le %eense o the alle/e% in%olen$e o the Filipinos.
1. Ri5al )a%e a $riti$al st&%< o the $a&ses *h< his people %i% not *or+ har% %&rin/ the Spanish re/i)e.
$. 2is )ain thesis? Filipinos are not 1< nat&re in%olent
%. The Spanish $onI&est o the $o&ntr< 1ro&/ht a1o&t a %e$line in e$ono)i$ a$tivities 1e$a&se the
Filipinos ha% a1an%one% their preDSpanish in%&stries an% *or+e% less than their an$estors
e. S&$h %e$line in e$ono)i$ lie *as %&e to $ertain $a&ses?
i. Native revolts an% other internal %isor%ers *hi$h ollo*e% the esta1lish)ent o Spanish r&le
ii. The *ars *hi$h the Filipinos o&/ht or Spain9s ene)ies
iii. The ri/ht&l rai%s on the $oastal to*ns an% villa/e o Christian -hilippines 1< the C&sli)
pirates o Cin%anao an% S&l&
1
iv. The or$e% la1or *hi$h $o)pelle% tho&san%s o Filipino la1orers to *or+ in p&1li$ *or+s
res&ltin/ in the a1an%on)ent o their personal *or+s
v. La$+ o sti)&l&s to *or+ har%er 1e$a&se the people $o&l% not en=o< the r&its o their la1or
vi. Govern)ent ne/le$t an% in%i0eren$e to a/ri$&lt&re( in%&str<( an% $o))er$e
vii. The 1a% exa)ple sho*n 1< the Spaniar%s in %espisin/ )an&al la1or
viii. The tea$hin/ o Spanish )issionaries that it is easier or a poor )an to enter heaven than or
a ri$h )an( hen$e the Filipinos preer not to *or+ an% 1e poor so that the< $o&l% easil< enter
heaven ater the< %ie
ix. En$o&ra/e)ent an% propa/ation o /a)1lin/ 1< the Spanish a&thorities
x. S<ste) o Spanish e%&$ation %i% not pro)ote e$ono)i$ enterprise an% a$tivit<
. Filipinos are eas< /oin/ an% %o not *or+ so har% 1e$a&se the< are *ise eno&/h to a%=&st the)selves
to their *ar)( tropi$al $li)ate.
i. The< %o not have to +ill the)selves *or+in/ har% in or%er to live 1e$a&se nat&re /ives the)
a1&n%ant harvests 1< *or+in/ less than those in te)perate an% ari% $o&ntries.
I.. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FILI-INOLOGISTS
a. The ai) o the asso$iation is to st&%< the -hilippines ro) the s$ientiG$ an% histori$al point o vie*
1. Their ina&/&ral $onvention %i% not )ateriali5e 1e$a&se the Fren$h /overn)ent %is$o&ra/e% the
hol%in/ o $oneren$es 1< private or/ani5ations %&rin/ the perio% o the international exposition.
.. -RO6ECT FOR FILI-INO COLLEGE IN 2ONG:ONG
a. This Colle/e ai)s to Etrain an% e%&$ate )en o /oo% a)il< an% Gnan$ial )eans in a$$or%an$e *ith
the %e)an%s o )o%ern ti)es an% $ir$&)stan$esH
1. A ri$h Filipino resi%ent in -aris( Cr. Cariano C&nanan( ro) Cexi$o( -a)pan/a( pro)ise% to help hi)
raise -JK(KKK as initial $apital or the $olle/e.
$. This pro=e$t o Ri5al to esta1lish a )o%ern $olle/e in 2on/ :on/ %i% not )ateriali5e
.I. -OR TELEFONO
a. This satiri$al pa)phlet &n%er the a&thorship o EDi)as Alan/H is a *itt< satire *hi$h ri%i$&les Fr. Font.
i. It %es$ri1es in $o)i$al vein a telephone $onversation 1et*een Fr. Font *ho *as in Ca%ri% an%
the ather provin$ial o the San A/&stin Convent in Canila.
1. Ri5al pre%i$te% )&$h ahea% o his ti)es that people $o&l% $arr< on overseas telephoni$ $onversations
DDD !4 <ears ater the p&1li$ation o Ri5al9s E-or Teleono.H
CHAPTER 16: IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS
I. LIFE IN ;RUSSELS
a. T*o reasons i)pelle% Ri5al to leave -aris?
i. The $ost o livin/ in -aris *as ver< hi/h 1e$a&se o the Universal Exposition
ii. The /a< so$ial lie o the $it< ha)pere% his literar< *or+s
1. Ri5al *as 1&s< *ritin/ his se$on% novel an% *ritin/ arti$les or La Soli%ari%a%
II. NE@ ORTOGRA-2Y OF TAGALOG LANGUAGE
a. The ta/alon/ letters + an% * sho&l% 1e &se% instea% o the Spanish $ an% o.
i. Sala$ot 3 sala+otL arao 3 ara*
III. RI,AL CRITICI,ES CADRID FILI-INOS FOR GAC;LING
a. Ri5al9s letter to %el -ilar?
i. L&na in -aris $o)plains o the /a)1lin/ o the Filipinos in Ca%ri%
ii. @e are servin/ the riars9 s$he)e
iii. Filipinos %o not $o)e to E&rope to /a)1le an% to a)&se hi)sel 1&t to *or+ or his li1ert<
an% or the %i/nit< o his ra$e
iv. @e in *ho) the poor people pla$e their )o%est hopes.
1. The /a)1lin/ Filipinos in Ca%ri% *ere an/r< *hen the< learne% o Ri5al9s )orali5in/
i. The< %erisivel< $alle% hi) E-apaH A-opeB instea% o E-epeH
I>. ;AD NE@S FROC 2OCE
a. The Cala)1a a/rarian tro&1le *as /ettin/ *orse.
1. The )ana/e)ent o the Do)ini$an 2a$ien%a $ontin&all< raise% the lan% rents &ntil s&$h ti)e that
Ri5al9s ather re&se% to pa< his rent.
i. The Do)ini$an Or%er Gle% a s&it in $o&rt to %ispossess the Ri5al a)il< o their lan%s in
Cala)1a.
ii. Tenants *ere perse$&te%
$. 6ose9s letter to Sole%a%
i. I have $a&se% )&$h har) to o&r a)il<( 1&t at least there re)ains to &s the $onsolation o
+no*in/ that the )otive is not %is/ra$e&l nor %oes it h&)iliate an< 1o%<
ii. It raises &s &p an% /ives &s )ore %i/nit< in the e<es o o&r ene)ies the)selves' to all *ith
the hea% hi/h an% the 1ro* serene is not to all( it is to tri&)ph
iii. The sa% thin/ is to all *ith the stain o %ishonor
>. -RESENTICENT OF DEAT2
a. 2e eare% that *e *o&l% not live lon/
1. 2e *as not arai% to %ie( 1&t he *ante% to Gnish his se$on% novel 1eore he *ent to his /rave
$. Letter to %el -ilar?
i. In )< $hil%hoo% I ha% a stran/e 1elie that I *o&l% not rea$h 8K <ears o a/e.
ii. I a) preparin/ )<sel or %eath an% or an< event&alit<. Laon/ Laan AEver Rea%<B is )< tr&e
na)e.
>I. -RE-ARATION TO GO 2OCE
a. In the a$e o the s&0erin/s *hi$h aMi$te% his a)il<( Ri5al planne% to /o ho)e.
1. 2e $o&l% not sta< in ;r&ssels *ritin/ a 1oo+ *hile his a)il< are perse$&te%
$. Letter to -on$e?
i. Gra$iano Lope5 6aena shol% not /ot to C&1a 1&t to o&r $o&ntr< to allo* hi)sel to 1e +ille% in
%eense o his i%eals
!. @e have onl< on$e to %ie( an% i *e %o not %ie *ell( *e lose an opport&nit< *hi$h *ill
not a/ain 1e presente% to &s.
2
ii. I *ant to /o 1a$+ to the -hilippines
!. @e are not )a+in/ an< pro/ress 1< ollo*in/ pr&%en$e
>II. DECISION TO GO TO CADRID
a. Ri5al i/nore% the %ire *arnin/ o his rien%s to ret&rn to the -hilippines. No threat o %an/er $o&l%
$han/e his plan
1. So)ethin/ happene% that s&%%enl< )a%e hi) $han/e his plan.
i. It *as a letter ro) -a$iano *hi$h relate% that the< lost the $ase a/ainst the Do)ini$ans in
Canila( 1&t the< appeale% it to the S&pre)e Co&rt in Spain
ii. A la*<er *as nee%e% to han%le it in Ca%ri%
$. Ri5al *rote to %el -ilar retainin/ the latter9s servi$es as la*<er.
i. 6ose inor)e% %el -ilar that he *as /oin/ to Ca%ri% to s&pervise the han%lin/ o the $ase
>III. TO CY CUSE
a. A poe) that represents 6ose9s *orries on the %isasters experien$e% 1< his a)il<
I.. ROCANCE @IT2 -ETITE 6ACO;Y
a. T*o thin/s 1ro&/ht so)e )eas&re o $heer to the %espon%ent Ri5al( as he *as preparin/ or his trip to
Ca%ri%
i. FIRST? s&))erti)e estival in ;el/i&)( *hi$h *as $ele1rate% in $arnival st<le
ii. SECOND? ro)an$e *ith -etite 6a$o1<( nie$e o his lan%la%ies
CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID
I. FAILURE TO GET 6USTICE FOR FACILY
a. Upon arrival in Ca%ri%( Ri5al so&/ht the help o the Filipino $olon<( The Asso$ia$ion 2ispanoDFilipina(
an% Li1eral Spanish Ne*spapers in se$&rin/ =&sti$e or the oppresse% Cala)1a tenants an% his a)il<
i. To/ether *ith %el -ilar Ahis la*<erB an% Dr. Do)ina%or Go)e5 Ase$retar< o the Aso$ia$ion
2ispanoDFilipinaB?
!. 6ose $alle% on the Cinister o Colonies ASeNor Fa1ieB in or%er to protest the in=&sti$es
$o))itte% 1< Gov.D Gen. >aleriano @e<ler an% the Do)ini$ans a/ainst the Cala)1a
Fol+s.
4. Nothin/ $a)e o&t o Ri5al9s intervie* *ith Cinister Fa1ie
ii. El Res&)en ASpanish Ne*spaperB
!. S<)pathi5e% *ith the Filipino $a&se
4. Sai%? ETo $over the ears( open the p&rse( an% ol% the ar)s F this is the Spanish
$olonial poli$<.H
1. Core terri1le ne*s?
i. E=e$t)ent or%er 1< the Do)ini$ans a/ainst Fran$is$o Ri5al an% other Cala)1a tenants
!. Their parents ha% 1een or$i1l< e=e$te% ro) their ho)e
ii. Deportation o so)e o his a)il< )e)1ers( in$l&%in/ -a$iano to Cin%oro
$. Ri5al so&/ht the ai% o the li1eral Spanish states)en
i. 6ose *as %isappointe% F the states)en )erel< /ave hi) hone<e% *or%s o s<)path< an%
nothin/ else
%. ;l&)entritt &r/e% 6ose to see Q&een Re/ent Caria Cristina
i. ;&t 6ose %oesn9t have po*er&l rien%s to 1rin/ hi) to her nor /ol% to /rease the pal)s o
inO&ential $o&rtiers
II. A;ORTED DUEL @IT2 ANTONIO LUNA
a. L&na *as %r&n+ in one o the so$ial re&nions o Filipinos in Ca%ri%.
1. L&na *as 1itter 1e$a&se o his r&strate% ro)an$e *ith Nellie ;o&stea%
i. 2e *as 1la)in/ Ri5al or his ail&re to *in her
ii. Altho&/h Ri5al ha% previo&sl< explaine% to hi) that he ha% nothin/ to %o a1o&t it
iii. ;e$a&se o =ealo&s< an% the e0e$ts o al$ohol( L&na &ttere% $ertain &nsavor< re)ar+s a1o&t
Nellie
$. Ri5al( *ith hi/h sense o $hivalr<( $o&l% not tolerate an< sl&r a/ainst the honor o an< *o)an
i. An/ere% 1< the slan%ero&s re)ar+s( he $hallen/e% L&na to a %&el.
ii. Ri5al *as a 1etter pistol shot than L&na an% L&na *as a s&perior s*or%s)an
!. L&na( as the $hallen/e% part<( ha% the $hoi$e o *eapons
4. Lo/i$all<( he *o&l% have to $hoose the s*or%' in *hi$h $ase( Ri5al9s lie *o&l% 1e in
=eopar%<
iii. Filipinos trie% to pa$i< the) pointin/ o&t that s&$h a %&el *o&l% %a)a/e their $a&se in Spain
%. @hen L&na 1e$a)e so1er
i. 2e reali5e% that he ha% )a%e a ool o hi)sel an% apolo/i5e% or his 1a% re)ar+s
ii. Ri5al a$$epte% the apolo/<
III. RI,AL C2ALLENGES RETANA TO DUEL
a. @en$eslao Retana?
i. A talente% Spanish s$holar( *as then a press a/ent o the riars in Spain
ii. Use% to atta$+ the Filipinos( in$l&%in/ Ri5al in vario&s ne*spapers in Ca%ri%
!. 2e *rote that the a)il< an% rien%s o Ri5al ha% not pai% their rents so that the< *ere
e=e$te% ro) their lan%s
1. Ri5al
i. @as ins&lte% an% $hallen/e% hi) to a %&el
ii. Retana apolo/i5e% in the ne*spapers or he 1elieve% that %is$retion is 1etter part o valor(
an%( )ore so( to save his s+in
!. 2e +ne* that he ha% no $han$e a/ainst Ri5al on a Gel% o honor
4. ;e$a&se o the in$i%ent( Retana %evelope% a %eep a%)iration or 6ose
a. Years ater*ar%( Retana *rote 6ose9s 1io/raph< an% )art<r%o)
I>. INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RI>ERA
a. One ni/ht he an% so)e rien%s atten%e% a pla< at Teatro Apolo
i. 6ose lost his /ol% *at$h $hain *ith a lo$+et $ontainin/ the pi$t&re o Leonor Rivera
ii. The loss o the lo$+et prove% to 1e a 1a% o)en
3
1. Ri5al re$eive% a letter ro) Leonor( anno&n$in/ her $o)in/ )arria/e to an En/lish)an Athe $hoi$e o
her )otherB an% as+in/ his or/iveness
>. RI,ALDDEL -ILAR RI>ALRY
a. Ri5al trie% to i)1&e his $o)patriots *ith his o*n i%ealis) or
i. 2e 1elieve% that to /ain presti/e or the -ropa/an%a Cove)ent an% to *in the respe$t o the
Spanish people the< )&st possess hi/h stan%ar%s o )oralit<( %i/nit<( an% spirit o sa$riG$e
ii. Unort&natel<( his i%ealis) *as not share% 1< others *ho love% *ine( *o)en( an% $ar%s
iii. Ri5al9s lea%ership %e$line%
!. The< resente% 6ose9s intereren$e in their private lives
4. The< 1e$a)e s&pporters o %el -ilar
1. To prevent the 1rea+D&p 1et*een Ri5al an% C.2. %el -ilar
i. Filipinos %e$i%e% that a lea%er $alle% EResponsa1leH 1e vote%
!. to %ire$t the a0airs o the Filipino $o))&nit< an% to %eter)ine the e%itorial poli$< o
the La Soli%ari%a%
4. To pat$h &p their %i0eren$es an% to intensi< the $a)pai/n or reor)
ii. Del -ilar oppose% the proposition
!. That the perio%i$al 1e pla$e% &n%er the $ontrol o the Responsi1le on the /ro&n% that
it *as a private enterprise
4. 2o*ever( he *as *illin/ to p&1lish arti$les that *o&l% express the aspirations an%
%e)an%s o the Filipino people.
>I. RI,AL A;DICATES 2IS LEADERS2I-
a. The Filipinos *ere %ivi%e% into t*o hostile $a)ps? the Ri5alistas an% the -ilaristas
i. 6ose o1taine% the ne$essar< 4L8 vote an% 1e$a)e the Responsi1le
1. ;&t 6ose /ra$io&sl< %e$line% the $ovete% position
i. 2e *as a )an o %i/nit< an% %i% not relish 1ein/ a lea%er o a %ivi%e% people
ii. 2e preerre% to a1%i$ate his lea%ership rather than 1e the $a&se o %is&nit< an% 1itterness
a)on/ his $o&ntr<)en
>II. ADIOS( CADRID
a. First sta< in Ca%ri%? happ<
1. Se$on% sta< in Ca%ri%? &nhapp<L last ti)e he sa* Ca%ri%
CHAPTER 18: BIARRITZ VACATION AND ROMANCE ITH NELL! BOUSTEAD
I. ROCANCE @IT2 NELLIE ;OUSTEAD
a. To see+ sola$e or his %isappoint)ents in Ca%ri%( Ri5al too+ a va$ation in the resort $it< o ;iarrit5 on
the a1&lo&s Fren$h Riviera
i. 6ose *as a /&est o the ri$h ;o&stea% Fa)il< at its *inter Resi%en$e F >illa Elia%a
ii. It *as in ;iarrit5 *here he ha% a serio&s ro)an$e *ith Nellie an% Gnishe% the last $hapter o
his 4
n%
novel( El Fili1&steris)o
1. 6ose propose% )arria/e to Nellie Are1o&n% love ro) LeonorB
i. Del -ilar?
!. Tease% hi) a1o&t $han/in/ the EoH in Noli to an EeH ANoli to NeliB
ii. To)as Are=ola
!. ;< )arr<in/ her( I ear that instea% o happiness( <o& *o&l% onl< Gn% 1itterness an%
tro&1le
iii. Antonio L&na?
!. @ho ha% previo&sl< love% an% lost Nell< ( en$o&ra/e% Ri5al to *oo an% )arr< Nellie
$. Ri5al9s )arria/e proposal aile% or t*o reasons?
i. 2e re&se% to /ive &p his $atholi$ aith an% 1e $onverte% to -rotestantis)( as Nell< %e)an%e%
ii. Nell<9s )other %i% not li+e Ri5al as sonDinDla*
!. Nell<9s )other ( li+e the )other o Leonor Rivera( ha% no *ish to entr&st her
%a&/hter9s happiness to a )an *ho *as poor in )aterial thin/s(
4. a ph<si$ian *itho&t a pa<in/ $lientele(
8. a *riter *ho earne% nothin/ ro) his pen(
J. an% a reor)er *ho *as perse$&te% 1< the riars an% /overn)ent oP$ials in his o*n
$o&ntr<
II. EL FILI;USTERISCO FINIS2ED IN ;IARRIT,
a. Fr&strate% in ro)an$e( Ri5al o&n% $onsolation in *ritin/
1. The eve o his %epart&re ro) ;iarrit5 to -aris( he Gnishe% the )an&s$ript o El Fili1&steris)o
III. RETIRECENT FROC T2E -RO-AGANDA CO>ECENT
a. O*in/ to the intri/&es o his =ealo&s $o)patriots( Ri5al retire% ro) the -ropa/an%a Cove)ent( or
reor) $r&sa%e
1. 2e notiGe% the -ropa/an%a a&thorities in Canila to $an$el his )onthl< allo*an$e an% %evote the
)one< to so)e 1etter $a&se( s&$h as the e%&$ation o a <o&n/ Filipino st&%ent in E&rope
I>. RI,AL STO--ED @RITING FOR LA SOLIDARIDAD
a. Si)&ltaneo&s *ith his retire)ent ro) the -ropa/an%a Cove)ent( Ri5al $ease% *ritin/ arti$les or La
Soli%ari%a%
1. Del -ilar hi)sel reali5e% the nee% or Ri5al9s $olla1oration in 1oth the -ropa/an%a Cove)ent an% in
the La Soli%ari%a% ne*spaper
i. 1e$a&se the enth&sias) or the reor) $r&sa%e in Spain *as %e$linin/
ii. he *rote to Ri5al 1e//in/ or/iveness or an< resent)ent an% reI&estin/ hi) to res&)e
*ritin/ or the La Soli%ari%a%
$. 6ose9s repl< to %el -ilar?
i. Ri5al %enie% an< resent)ent
ii. Reasons o Ri5al?
!. Core ti)e to *or+ on his novel
4. 2e *ante% other Filipinos to *or+ also
8. 2e $onsi%ere% it ver< i)portant to the part< that there 1e &nit< in the *or+
4
J. It is 1etter or %el -ilar to leave hi) alone to %ire$t the poli$< s&$h as he &n%erstan%s
it an% 6ose %oesn9t *ant to )e%%le *ith it Athe< have their o*n personal i%easB
5