Certification

Overview
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UNIT 1
Overview
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UNIT 1: Objectives
Learn about UNIX/Linux history
Understand basic UNIX principles
Understand Open Source licenses
Learn about Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Learn about graphical environments
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UNIT 1: Agenda
UNIX/Linux history
UNIX design principles
Open Source licenses
Red Hat Linux
Linux graphical environments
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UNIX History
First version created in Bell Labs - 1969
AT&T licenses source code for low cost
Trademarks UNIX name, "UNIX" name
closely held
Licensees must create new name for their
operating systems
Many UNIX "flavors" emerge
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UNIX Principles
Everything is a file
Including hardware
Configuration data stored in text
Small, single-purpose programs
Avoid captive user interfaces
Ability to chain programs together to
perform complex tasks
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GNU Project / FSF
GNU Project started in 1984
Goal: Create "free" UNIX clone
By 1990, nearly all required userspace
applications created
gcc, emacs, etc
Free Software Foundation
Non-profit organization that manages the
GNU project
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GPL - GNU General Public
License
Primary license for Open Source
software
Encourages free software
All enhancements and changes to GPL
software must also be GPL
Often called "copyleft"
"All rights reversed"
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Linux Origins
Linus Torvalds
Finnish college student in 1991
Created Linux kernel
When Linux kernel combined with GNU
applications, complete free UNIX-like OS
possible
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Why Linux?
Fresh implementation of UNIX APIs
Open Source development model
Supports wide variety of hardware
Supports many networking protocols and
configurations
Fully supported
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux
A distribution of Linux
Custom version of a recent Linux kernel
Utilities and applications
Installation and configuration software
Support available
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Recommended Hardware
Specifications
Pentium-class or better CPU
128 MB or more RAM
2-6 GB disk space depending on
intended use
Bootable CD-ROM or 3 1/2" floppy drive
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Local Logins
Text-mode login at virtual console
Graphical login
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Virtual Consoles
Multiple non-GUI logins are possible
through the use of virtual consoles
There are by default 6 available virtual
consoles
Available through CTRL-ALT-F[1-6]
If X is running, it is available as
CTRL-ALT-F7
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Running Commands
Commands have the following syntax:
command [options] [arguments]
Each item is separated by a space
Options modify the command's behavior
Arguments are filenames or other
information needed by the command
Separate commands with semicolon (;)
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Command Example:
Date, Time, and Calendar
date display date and time
cal display calendar
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Changing Your Password
Passwords should be changed after first
login
From the Red Hat menu, choose
Preferences -> Password
From a terminal, use passwd
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Linux Graphical Environments
XFree86 4.x: standard X Window System
GNOME - Desktop environment based
on the GTK+ toolkit
KDE - Desktop environment based on
the Qt toolkit
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End of Unit 1
Questions and answers
Summary
UNIX/Linux History
The GNU General Public License
Red Hat Linux