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Chapter One Online

Quizzes
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America Rulez
9/1/2014





1. The first people to live in the Western Hemisphere migrated to the Americas
beginning about twenty thousand years ago by
a. canoeing from islands in the South Pacific.
b. following game herds across a land bridge from Asia.
c. sailing from Western Europe.
d. sailing from western Africa.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Anthropologists and historians believe that during
the last Ice Age, small bands of hunters followed game herds across a land
bridge connecting Asia and North America about fifteen thousand years ago.
(See the section titled The Native American Experience.)

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2. The most aggressive of the Native American civilizations, based in the conquest
of other tribes and the practice of human sacrifice, was that of the
a. people of Teotihuacn in the highlands of Mexico.
b. Maya in the Yucatn Peninsula.
c. Olmec peoples along the Gulf of Mexico.
d. Aztec in the central valley of Mexico.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. Moving out from the central valley of Mexico, the
Aztecs conquered most of the people of central Mexico, demanding economic
and human tribute from subject tribes. While the Olmec and Mayan peoples
along with the peoples of Teotihuácn also built hierarchical
civilizations with small elite classes ruling over a mass of farmers and
workers, the Aztecs were most aggressive in conquering other tribes and
were the only people who demanded human sacrifice. (See the section titled
The Native American Experience.)

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3. Between A.D. 600 and 1150, all of the following native cultures developed in the
American Southwest except
a. Hohokam.
b. Anasazi.
c. Mogollon.
d. Choctaw.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. The Hohokam, Anasazi, and Mogollon peoples
developed elaborate cultures in the American Southwest, building multiroom
structures known as pueblos. Together, these groups are known as the
Pueblo peoples. The Choctaw peoples lived in the lower Mississippi River
Valley, developing after the A.D. 1350 decline of the Mississippian
civilization. (See the section titled The Native American Experience.)

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4. Which of the following is true of most Native Americans who lived north of the
Rio Grande in A.D. 1500?
a. They lived in large religious centers of many thousands of people.
b. Their clan-based system of government was locally based and worked by
consensus, not coercion.
c. Tribes were the fundamental social group and possessed a common identity
and a shared ancestor.
d. They were organized in a system of powerful empires.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Most Native Americans in A.D. 1500 lived in small
communities that were organized around clans, or extended family groups.
Several clans would form tribes, but clans remained the fundamental social
groups regulating social life. (See the section titled The Native American
Experience.)

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5. The fact that complex Native American civilizations such as the Pueblo and
Mississippian had declined prior to European conquest indicates
a. that Native Americans were incapable of living in large communities.
b. that native agricultural practices were inferior to European practices at the
same time.
c. their vulnerability to natural occurrences such as drought and disease.
d. the relentless warfare engaged in by Native Americans.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Whether undermined by drought, like the Pueblo,
or disease, like the Mississippian, the decline of these civilizations
demonstrates the difficulty of maintaining subsistence systems feeding many
thousands of people over several centuries. For this reason, both Native
Americans and Europeans lived mainly in small villages. Despite these
difficulties, however, Native American cultures managed to maintain large
communities for hundreds of years, as can be seen today at Chaco Canyon.
(See the section titled The Native American Experience.)

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6. Most Western Europeans in A.D. 1450
a. were far more likely than Native Americans to live in an urban environment.
b. owned enough land to support a family in comfort.
c. were busiest in the winter months.
d. ordered their lives by an agricultural calendar and the seasons.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. The majority of Europeans were peasants who
lived according to an agricultural calendar and farmed land owned by a
landlord. Seasonal patterns kept peasants busiest in the spring when
planting was done; winter was the slowest season. Most Europeans, like
most Native Americans, lived in a traditional rural world. (See the section
titled Tradition-Bound Europe.)

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7. The practice of primogeniture
a. granted large estates in the Western Hemisphere to first-born sons.
b. forced many younger children to join the ranks of the roaming poor.
c. created intergenerational disputes.
d. led fathers to provide dowries for their daughters.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Primogeniture, an inheritance practice that
bestowed land on the eldest son, forced many younger children into the
ranks of the roaming poor. (See the section titled Tradition-Bound Europe.)

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8. The most important factor explaining why the Portuguese were the first in
Europe to pursue overseas exploration and discovery was
a. a seafaring tradition.
b. effective leadership.
c. geographic location.
d. all of the above.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Under the direction of Prince Henry (13941460),
Portugal took the lead in oceangoing exploration. Henry established a center
for exploration in Lisbon, and his leadership allowed Portugal to take
advantage of its seafaring tradition and its geographic location at the
southwestern tip of Europe. (See the section titled Europeans Create a
Global World, 14501600.)

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9. The most accurate assessment of the Arab role in the development of the
Renaissance in Europe is
a. Arab prisoners from the Crusades brought new knowledge to Europe.
b. Europeans were exposed to the work of Arab scholars, who had preserved
and extended the scholarship of ancient Greece and Rome.
c. Arab traders provided access to new wealth, allowing Europeans to construct
institutions of higher learning.
d. Arab writers popular in Europe promoted the notion of civic humanism.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Increased contact and trade with the Arab world
led Europeans to the work of Arab scholars. These scholars carried on the
scholarly work of the Christian Byzantine civilization, which had preserved
the scholarship of the Greeks and Romans in medicine, philosophy,
mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Traders, not prisoners, brought
these ideas back to Europe, where new classes of merchants and bankers
began to study them. The concept of civic humanism was one of the main
creations of this new moneyed elite. (See the section titled Europeans
Create a Global World, 14501600.)

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10. A major outcome of Spanish contact with the Indian peoples of Mexico was:
a. Mayans and Aztecs united to defeat the invasion.
b. European diseases, such as smallpox, spread rapidly, killing millions.
c. the Aztecs changed some of their religious rituals dramatically.
d. the Mayans joined the Spanish conquest of other native peoples.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Native peoples did not have immunity from
epidemic diseases introduced by contact and conquest. As a result, diseases
such as smallpox created one the greatest demographic disasters in world
history. (See the section titled Europeans Create a Global World, 1450
1600.)

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11. Which of the following groups were not part of the Spanish colonial population?
a. mestizos
b. Indians
c. Puritans
d. enslaved Africans

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. The Spanish created a colonial American world of
sixteen million subjects, including 3.2 million Spaniards who ran the
colonies, 5.5 million mestizos of Spanish-Indian or African origin, one million
enslaved Africans, and 6.5 million Indians who lived on the margins of the
empire. (See the section titled Europeans Create a Global World, 1450
1600.)

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12. Which of the following groups composed the largest segment of immigrants to
the Spanish colonies between 1500 and 1650?
a. Spanish men
b. Spanish children
c. Spanish women
d. Spanish Indians

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Between 1500 and 1650, at least 350,000
Spaniards migrated to Mesoamerica and western South America. More than
75 percent were menpoor, unmarried, and unskilled refuges from
Andalusia and later a broader mix of Castilians. Many took Indian wives,
leading to a mixed-race or mestizos population whom the Spanish organized
into a caste system. (See the section titled Europeans Create a Global World,
14501600.)

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13. John Calvin came from which of the following countries and established a
Protestant regime in which other nation in the 1530s?
a. England/Germany
b. Holland/Spain.
c. Russia/Germany
d. France/Switzerland

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. John Calvin was a French theologian who
established a rigorous Protestant regime in Geneva, Switzerland. His
authoritarian doctrine won converts all over Europe, becoming the theology
of several dissident groups, including the Puritans in England. (See the
section titled The Rise of Protestant England, 15001620.)

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14. In 1536, John Calvin wrote
a. Common Sense.
b. Institutes of the Christian Religion.
c. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.
d. Up From Slavery.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Calvin stressed human weakness and God's
omnipotence in hisInstitutes of the Christian Religion (1536), which depicted
God as an absolute sovereign who governed the wills of men. Calvin
preached the doctrine of predestination, the idea that God chooses certain
people for salvation before they are born. (See the section titled The Rise of
Protestant England, 15001620.)

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15. Between 1500 and 1630, England's population.
a. increased from 3 million to 5 million.
b. decreased from 10 million to 5 million.
c. remained the same.
d declined slightly from 8 million to 6 million.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Like other nations in Europe during the sixteenth
century, the English economy grew rapidly, based in part on a population
explosion. As England's population soared from 3 million in 1500 to 5 million
in1630, its monarchs supported the expansion of commerce and
manufacturing, primarily wool for the outwork textile industry. (See the
section titled The Rise of Protestant England, 15001620.)

Part 2:

1 of 15
1. The region of the New World known as Mesoamerica was composed of
a. the Arctic zone near the Bering Sea.
b. the area around the Great Lakes.
c. present-day Mexico and Guatemala.
d. Peru and Bolivia in South America.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Before the Europeans arrived, the great
majority of Native Americansabout 40 million peoplelived in
Mesoamerica, located in present-day Mexico and Guatemala. (See
the section titled The Native American Experience.)

2 of 15
2. Anthropologists believe that Mayan civilization declined around
a. A.D. 1000, because of a rebellion by peasants.
b. A.D. 800, because of an extended drought.
c. A.D. 1520, when Spanish forces invaded Mesoamerica.
d. A.D. 1325, because of conquest by the Aztec empire.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Most historians and anthropologists
believe that a two-century-long dry period around A.D. 800 caused
a decline in population and an economic crisis that prompted
peasants to desert Mayan temple cities; by A.D. 900, many religious
centers had been abandoned. While some Mayan city-states
remained until the Spanish invasion in the 1520s, the Mayan empire
had lost the widespread power it had earlier possessed. (See the
section titled The Native American Experience.)

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3. The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice in order to
a. ensure agricultural fertility and the daily return of the sun.
b. eliminate subversive anarchists.
c. intimidate neighboring civilizations.
d. abate the anger of their volcano god, Tenochtitln.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. The Aztecs were an aggressive tribe and
at their zenith subjugated most of central Mexico. Their rulers
demanded both economic and human tribute from scores of subject
tribes, sacrificing untold thousands of men and women in order to
ensure agricultural fertility and the daily return of the sun. (See the
section titled The Native American Experience.)

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4. In many eastern woodland tribes of North America, notably the Iroquois, important
decisions were made by the senior women, and inheritancesincluding rights to land and
other propertypassed from mother to daughter. This kind of society would be described
as
a. matrilineal.
b. patriarchal.
c. intergenerational.
d. hierarchical.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Decision making by and inheritance
through women is known as a matrilineal system. The matrilineal
inheritance system of eastern woodland tribes allowed women to
pass agricultural lands on to their daughters. Women in these
societies controlled agricultural production and generally possessed
high social status, especially when compared to European women.
(See the section titled The Native American Experience.)

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5. By A.D. 100, the Hopewell peoples, living in present-day Ohio, had spread their influence
throughout North America by
a. developing extensive trading networks.
b. traveling extensively in search of game.
c. subjugating other native peoples through military conquest.
d. spreading their religious beliefs, based on the construction of elaborate burial
mounds.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. The Hopewell peoples constructed
elaborate trade networks, importing materials from as far away as
the Rocky Mountains and the Gulf of Mexico. The Hopewell were
mainly an agricultural people living in large villages who pursued
trade rather than military pursuits. They built elaborate burial
mounds for their dead. (See the section titled The Native American
Experience.)

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6. The Catholic Church served as a unifying force in Western Europe for all of the following
reasons except
a. the Church calendar mirrored the agricultural calendar.
b. the Church provided a common understanding of God.
c. church services were held in local languages.
d. the Church provided a source of structured authority and discipline.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Catholic Church services were held in
Latin, the language of scholarship in medieval Europe. Over
centuries, the Church devised a religious calendar that followed the
agricultural calendar, gradually transforming pagan festivals into
Christian holy days. Providing common religious practices and a
common understanding of God, the Catholic Church also created a
bulwark of authority and discipline in society to match that provided
by civil authority. (See the section titled Tradition-Bound Europe.)

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7. Which of the following hierarchies in Europe in A.D. 1450 was the least powerful?
a. fathers controlling households
b. kings controlling nobles
c. nobles controlling peasants
d. the hierarchy of the Catholic Church controlling cardinals, bishops, and priests

1 out of 1
Incorrect. The answer is b. Of the above hierarchies, noblesusing
legislative assemblies such as the House of Lordshad the ability to
challenge royal authority. The other hierarchies had no legitimate
means of challenge. (See the section titled Tradition-Bound
Europe.)

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8. Which of the following best characterizes the political transformation associated with the
Renaissance?
a. The landed nobility gained power from the trade of commodities.
b. Urban bankers and merchants allied against monarchs.
c. Peasants moved to urban areas and participated in politics.
d. Monarchs formed alliances with wealthy merchants and urban artisans against the
nobility.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is d. Renaissance rulers, taking the advice
offered by Machiavelli in The Prince, created bureaucracies and
sought alliances with urban merchants and artisans in order to
increase their own political power. Monarchs increasingly relied on
taxes from towns and loans from merchants to support their armies
and officials. The alliance of monarchs and merchants propelled
Europe into its first age of overseas expansion. (See the section
titled Europeans Create a Global World, 14501600.)

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9. Which of the following was true of African systems of slavery?
a. People were sometimes sold into slavery by relatives in time of famine.
b. Slaves were never considered to be property.
c. The descendants of slaves generally had high class or caste status.
d. Hereditary bondage was unheard of.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Some people were sold into slavery by kin
in exchange for food in times of famine. They were treated as
property and exploited as agricultural laborers or served in slave
armies. Sometimes their descendants were allowed to become
members of society, usually with a low class or caste status, but
others endured hereditary bondage. (See the section titled
Europeans Create a Global World, 14501600.)

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10. The Columbian Exchange was important because it
a. led England to become the dominant nation in Europe.
b. spread New World diseases in Europe and European agricultural crops in the New
World.
c. stimulated the growth of population in Europe and Africa.
d. signaled the beginnings of the transatlantic slave trade.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. The Columbian Exchange describes the
process by which the food products of the Western Hemisphere
maize, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, potatoes, and maniocbecame
available to the people of Europe and Africa, increasing agricultural
yields and thus stimulating population growth. While New World
food products spread around the globe, Eurasian and African
diseases, food products, and animals such as the horse became part
of the lives of the residents of the Americas. The exchange also
brought wealth from the Indian empires of the Americas to the
Spanish crown, making it the most powerful nation in Europe. (See
the section titled Europeans Create a Global World, 14501600.)

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11. After conquering the Aztec, the Spanish leader Cortez ordered a grand cathedral built
with the stones from whose palace?
a. Atahaulpa
b. Moctezuma
c. the Virgin Mary
d. Pizarro

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. After conquering the Aztec in 1521, Cortez
took over the great city of Tenochtitlan, including its irrigated fields
and extensive market and trade system. Cortes began to dismantle
Aztec religion, symbolically striking the first blow by building a
grand cathedral with the stones from Moctezuma's palace, while
Spanish priest suppressed traditional religious ceremonies and gave
Catholic identities to Indian gods. (See the section titled Europeans
Create a Global World, 14501600.)

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12. In 1531, an Indian convert in Mexico reported seeing
a. the Virgin of Guadalupe.
b. John Calvin.
c. Martin Luther.
d. Moctezuma.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. Some native people under Spanish
domination in Central America partially accepted Spanish Christian
values early in the colonial period. As early as 1531, an Indian
convert reported a vision of a dark-skinned Virgin Mary, later known
as the Virgin of Guadalupe, a Christian version of the "corn mother"
who traditionally protected the maize crop. (See the section titled
Europeans Create a Global World, 14501600.)

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13. In exchange for minting Spanish money, the Chinese gave the Spanish
a. fur and leather products.
b. steel and wood.
c. silks, spices, and ceramics.
d. cotton and woolen clothing.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is c. Vast amounts of Spanish silver obtained
from mines in the Americas poured across the Pacific Ocean to
China, where it was minted into money. In exchange for this
service, the Spanish received valuable Chinese silks, spices, and
ceramics. (See the section titled Europeans Create a Global World,
14501600.)

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14. Around 1800, the Spanish colonies stretched from the tip of South America to the
northern border of present-day
a. Canada.
b. California.
c. Alaska.
d. Russia.

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is b. Around 1800, the Spanish colonies
stretched from the tip of South America to the northern border of
present-day California. They contained about 16 million people, led
by a privileged caste of over 3 million and over 6 million Indian
people. (See the section titled Europeans Create a Global World,
14501600.)

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15. Europeans brought which of the following animals to the Americas?
a. horses, cattle, sheep, and goats
b. grizzly bear and bison
c. deer, elk, and moose
d. rabbits and ducks

1 out of 1
Correct. The answer is a. The Spanish invasion permanently altered
the natural as well as the human environment of the Americas: the
livestock of Eurasia and Africa (horses, cattle, sheep, and goats) as
well as their grain crops (wheat, barley, and rice) and diseases now
became part of life in the Americas. (See the section titled
Europeans Create a Global World, 14501600.)