27 Carl Lontoc 1F-MT

LIGHT MICROSCOPE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Eyepiece: The lens the viewer looks through to see the specimen. The eyepiece usually contains a 10X or 15X power lens.
Diopter Adjustment: Useful as a means to change focus on one eyepiece so as to correct for any difference in vision between your
two eyes.
Body tube (Head): The body tube connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
Arm: The arm connects the body tube to the base of the microscope.
Coarse adjustment: Brings the specimen into general focus.
Fine adjustment: Fine tunes the focus and increases the detail of the specimen.
Nosepiece: A rotating turret that houses the objective lenses. The viewer spins the nosepiece to select different objective lenses.
Objective lenses: One of the most important parts of a compound microscope, as they are the lenses closest to the specimen.
A standard microscope has three, four, or five objective lenses that range in power from 4X to 100X. When focusing the microscope,
be careful that the objective lens doesnt touch the slide, as it could break the slide and destroy the specimen.
Specimen or slide: The specimen is the object being examined. Most specimens are mounted on slides, flat rectangles of thin glass.
The specimen is placed on the glass and a cover slip is placed over the specimen. This allows the slide to be easily inserted or
removed from the microscope. It also allows the specimen to be labeled, transported, and stored without damage.
Stage: The flat platform where the slide is placed.
Stage clips: Metal clips that hold the slide in place.
Stage height adjustment (Stage Control): These knobs move the stage left and right or up and down.
Aperture: The hole in the middle of the stage that allows light from the illuminator to reach the specimen.
On/off switch: This switch on the base of the microscope turns the illuminator off and on.
Illumination: The light source for a microscope. Older microscopes used mirrors to reflect light from an external source up through
the bottom of the stage; however, most microscopes now use a low-voltage bulb.
Iris diaphragm: Adjusts the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
Condenser: Gathers and focuses light from the illuminator onto the specimen being viewed.
Base: The base supports the microscope and its where illuminator is located.

Scanning Objective (4X): This shortest objective is useful for getting an overview of the slide (especially handy with some of the
slides that contain whole organs like a section of the spinal cord, lung, digestive tract, ovary, etc.).
Low Power Objective (10X): This next shortest objective is probably the most useful lens for viewing slides. Almost any feature you
need to observe in this course can be located with the 100X total magnification this objective provides. As an added benefit, the low
power objective is always safe to use as it cannot be lowered to the point of contacting and thus possible breaking a slide. This is
also true of the scanning objective mentioned above.
High Power Objective (40x): This objective (sometimes called the "high-dry" objective) is useful for observing fine detail such as the
striations in skeletal muscle, the arrangement of Haversian systems in compact bone, types of nerve cells in the retina, etc.
Oil Immersion Objective (100X): This longest objective is used for observing the detail of individual cells such as white blood cells,
the cells involved in spermatogenesis, etc. The lens must be used with a specially formulated oil that creates a bridge between the
tip of the objective and the cover slip. Since the refractive indices of air and this lens are different, the lens will not work without
this special oil!




MICROSCOPE CARE AND SAFETY
Hold a microscope firmly by the stand, only. Never grab it by the eyepiece holder, for example.
Hold the plug (not the cable) when unplugging the illuminator.
Since bulbs are expensive, and have a limited life, turn the illuminator off when not in use.
If used constantly on full power the bulb will overheat and blow (or gently melt the inside of the housing). This is not a good
idea!
Always make sure the stage and lenses are clean before putting the microscope away.
NEVER use anything but good quality lens tissue on any optical surface, with appropriate lens cleaner or distilled water;
organic solvents may separate or damage the lens elements or coatings.
Cover the instrument with a dust jacket when not in use.
Focus smoothly; don't try to speed through the focusing process or force anything.
If it isn't working DON'T try to fix it unless you really know what you are doing. Make a note of the symptoms and ask
someone who knows.

CELLS
Animal Plant