moment when language becomes integrated with action is the most significant moment in the course of intellectual development (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 24). (Siegler & Alibali, 2005) It is said that children begin to learn how to control their actions through language. When a child is told that touching the stove can burn you, eventually, when they see a stove, they will remember not to touch it. Language is a tool that children can use to plan their actions, remember information, solve problems, and organize their behavior. (Siegler & Alibali, 2005) In the early childhood years, between the ages of 3 and 5, children begin to improve in phonological awareness, as well as master conversational strategies, (Berk, 2013).
Physical Development
Early childhood children are becoming more familiar with their bodies and their small and large motor skills are increasing. They are able to throw a ball, using their arms, as well as the rest of their body, using flexible motions. They are able to include their shoulders, trunk, torso and legs to efficiently throw a ball farther and faster.
At this age, growth becomes slower, instead of doubling in size, this ages growth rate will increase to about 2 to 3 inches in height and about 5 pounds a year (Berk, 2013).
EARLY CHILDHOOD
Cognitive Development During the middle aged years, children begin to categorize things. Preschoolers, are able to form what Lev Vygotsky called chain concepts. These were concepts in which the basis of classification changed from example to example. They might put together a few red blocks; then put a few triangular blocks, green as well as red, together; and then put a few green blocks together. (Siegler & Alibali, 2005) Early childhood children are able to distinguish inanimate objects from animate beings. This age also shows a dramatic increase in representational activity, as reflected in language, make- believe play, drawing, understanding of symbol-real- world relations, and categorization (Berk, 2013).
Atypical Development When a child is not growing at a normal pace and you find that the child is smaller than other children their age, they may be suffering from malnutrition. In some countries food resources are hard to come by and malnutrition is widespread. Because of malnutrition, children may suffer from liver, heart and lasting brain damage (Berk, 2013). "Free the child's potential, and you will transform him into the world." - Maria Montessori
How can parents help? Breastfeeding is a big deal, especially for children who live in countries where malnutrition is widespread, to help with sickness and physical growth. In regards to cognitive development, as well as language development, parents should be inclined to read to their children on a daily basis, this forms language and cognitive abilities.