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THE P-T PATH OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS FROM KARANGSAMBUNG

AREA, KEBUMEN, CENTRAL JAVA

Lisnanda A. PERDANA
1
, AMRIZAL
1
, And I G.B. Eddy SUCIPTA
2


1
Undergraduate Student, Department of Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Bandung 40132, INDONESIA
2
Geology and Paleontology Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132,
INDONESIA

ABSTRACT

Karangsambung have various lithology types which cropped out in Lok Ulo Complex,
Central J ava. This complex consists of dismembered ophiolites, sedimentary rocks,
and crystalline schists and gneisses occurring as tectonic slabs in a black-shale matrix
tectonic mlange. Age of the rocks in this area is around Cretaceous which comes from
the interaction between Eurasian Plate and Indo-Australian Plate. The same lithology is
appearing in Kalimantan and Sulawesi.

During the interaction process, occur melting process of the plate which produced
magma chamber. It is caused the high pressure metamorphism rocks metamorphosed
into amphibolites facies. With the occurrence of fast uplifting causing the pressure and
temperature decrease rapidly, the metamorphic rocks again metamorphosed into
greenschist facies with remnant mineral relics of the old metamorphic facies.
Possibly high pressure metamorphism in Karangsambung area, Kebumen, Central
J ava, happens around 350-580
0
C and 10-16 kbar. Produced metamorphic rock in
transition facies between blueschist to eclogite. The metamorphism process occur in at
depth 35-50 km.

The P-T path of tourmaline-bearing eclogites is characterized by rising pressures at
decreasing temperatures (stage I to stage III: P =22.5 kbar and T =365C), whereas
the normal eclogites show rising temperatures at increasing pressure (stage III: P =
20.5 kbar and T =410C). Thus, these eclogites were subducted to ~70 km depth at a
geothermal gradient of ~6 C/km. Stage IV is limited to the P-T range of 810 kbar and
350400C for both eclogite type.


SARI

Karangsambung memiliki berbagai jenis tipe litologi yang tersingkap di Kompleks Luk
Ulo, J awa Tengah. Kompleks ini terdiri dari ofiolit, batuansedimen dan sekis kristalin
dan gneiss yang terbentuk sebagai hasil gaya tektonik tarikan pada daerah melange
yang memiliki matriks berupa serpih hitam. Umur Batuan di daerah ini sekitar Kapur
yang merupakan hasil interaksi antara Lempeng Eurasia dan Indo-Australia. Litologi
yang sama juga terdapat di Kalimantan dan Sulawesi

Sewaktu proses interaksi, terjadi proses pelelehan dari lempeng yang membentuk
dapur magma. Itulah yang menyebabkan batuan metamorfisme tekanan tinggi
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terubahkan menjadi fasies amfibolit. Dengan keterdapatan dari pengangkatan

menyebabkan tekanan dan tenperatur menurun drastis dan batuan fasies amfibolit
terubahkan kembali menjadi fasies sekis hijau dengan masih menyisakan mineral relik
sisa dari fasies terdahulunya.

Kemungkinan metamorfisme tekanan tinggi di Area Karangsambung, Kebumen, J awa
Tengah, terjadi sekitar 350-580
0
C and 10-16 kbar, menghasilkan batuan
metamorfisme fasies transisi antara sekis biru sampai eklogit. Proses metamorfisme
terjadi pada kedalaman sekitar 35-50 km.

J alur P-T dari Turmalin eklogit dicirikan dengan naikknya temperatur (tahap I sampai
tahap III: P = 22,5 kbar and T = 365C) dimana eklogit normal menunjukkan
peningkatan temperatur dan tekanan (tahap III: P =20,5 kbar dan T =410
0
C maka
kemungkinan eklogit ini telah tersubduksi hingga kedalaman 70 km dengan gradien
geotermal 6
0
C/km. Tahap IV terbatas dengan jangkauan P dan T 8-10 kbar dan 350-
400
0
C dari tiap tipe eklogit.


INTRODUCTION
Background
Luk-Ulo area is one of the greatest
place for many kind of rocks, because it
is place formed in accretional area
which is have a special characteristic in
the petrology, Stratigraphy and
structural. Luk-ulo mlange complex
position is on the subduction area
which had evolution until now.

The rocks in this area has a different
feature with the other places because
of mlange complex is the place where
continent type rock is mix with oceanic
type rocks, so the observation in this
area will develop our petrological ideas.

Aims and Objective
The intention of writing of this paper is
to fulfill a requirement fot paper contest
in The 37
th
IAGI Annual Convention and
Exhibition, Bandung 2008. As a
purpose that I want to reached from
writing of this paper is to know the
caused, the characteristic, and process
in Luk Ulo mlange complex in
Karangsambung area, Kebumen,
Central J ava.

REGIONAL GEOLOGY
In the Karangsambung area, Kebumen
- Central J ava outcropped the oldest
rocks in J ava Island called as Luk Ulo
Mlange Complex which is located
around Luk Ulo River. This complex
has a varieties litology arrangement
with difficult geological structure. This
complex consist of rocks fragment
which is surrounded by groundmass of
shale and claystone which age is upper
cretaceous to Paleocene. Rocks
fragment in Luk Ulo Mlange Complex
can be differentiated to native blocks
and exotic blocks. The form which is
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similar with boudine or boudinage form

as ellipsoid and large that commonly
consist of schist, chert, red limestone,
basalt, serpentinite, amphibolites,
gabro, peridotite and high pressure
metamorphic rocks can be found here
too. The native blocks consist of
greywacke.

The geology of the Karangsambung
area is characterized by the Lok Ulo
Complex, which is unconformably
overlain by Volcanic and Sedimentary
Rocks of the Eocene Karangsambung
Formation (Asikin et al., 1992). The
rocks of this Formation and of Tertiary
sequences, subdivided into the
Totogan, Waturanda, Penosogan, and
Halang Formations in ascending order,
are gently folded with an E-W trending
vertical axial plane (Figure 1).

The Stratigraphy of Karang Sambung
area, the first is Luk Ulo Mlange
Complex which is consist of rocks
fragment such as schist, chert, red
limestone, basalt, serpentinite,
amphibolites, gabro, peridotite, then the
local high pressure metamorphic rocks
such as eclogite, schist blue which is
surrounded by matrixs of shale and
black claystone which age is Upper
Cretaceous to Paleocene, in the top of
it, Karang Sambung Formation
deposited by unconformity contact
which age is Eocene and it`s olisostrom
deposit type that consists of stone
shale, boulder of limestone,
conglomerate,stone clay and basalt.
Upper of Karang Sambung Formation
deposited Totogan Formation which the
sediment are breccias with clay stone
fragmental, sandstone, basalt in clay
stone groundmass which age is
Oligocene to Early Miocene. Upper of it
deposited Waturanda Formation by
conformity and consist of volcanic
breccias and greywacke sandstone with
claystone interbedded, which age is
Early Miocene. Panosogan Formation
which age is Middle Miocene consists
of sandston, claystone, tuff, marl,
limestone. It is deposited by conformity
upper Waturanda Formation. In some
area of Panosogan Formation found
intercalated Kemangguan Breccias
which age is Late Miocene then Halang
Formation consists of sandstone,
claystone, marl, tuff which age is Late
Miocene-Pliocene.

THE P-T PATH OF
METAMORPHIC ROCKS FROM
KARANGSAMBUNG AREA

The samples were taken from 3
different places which are Muncar river
(KM-1, KM-2), Pucangan village (DP-1)
and Luk Ulo (LU-1).

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Petrography Analysis
Samples KM-1, mica schist-
glaucophane has crystal size range
from middle-coarse, porphyroblastic
texture appeared with garnet as a
porphyroblast component (15%) which
size is >2,5 mm, subhedral-anhedral, in
groundmass of mica/paragonite (25%),
glaucophane (25%), pyroxene/omphasit
(20%), sphene (10%), quartz (3%) and
scapolite (2%) which size is 0,5-1,5 mm
and in some area can be found
schistose structure. Samples KM-2 and
DP-1, garnet amphibolites showing
porphyroblastic texture with garnet as
porphyroblast mineral (2%) which size
is 2-5 mm, subhedral-anhedral in
groundmass of actinolite (40%),
hornblende (30%), chlorite (15%),
mica/muscovite (10%), sphene (8%).
Samples LU-1, mica schist-quartz-
actinolite showing heteroblastic texture,
size of grain around 0,3-2 mm consist
of mica/muscovite (25%), quartz (25%),
actinolite (20%), hornblende (15%),
sphene (8%), plagioclase (5%), and
epidote (2%).

Texture and Structure
Observing texture and structure is
needed to know tectonic deformation
process that happen in the same time
with the metamorphism process and to
know overprint process on the
metamorphism process next. Structure
and texture because of tectonic
deformation showed with schistose.

From petrography method,
metamorphic structure and texture just
can be showed in KM-2, DP-1, LU-1.
On KM-2 and DP-1 occur poikiloblastic
texture and corona structure (rim) in
porphyroblast garnet. Poikiloblastic
texture showed by the inclusion of
glaucophane, subhedral-anhedral, in
porphyroblast garnet which is have
coarser grain (1,5-2,5 mm), this
condition is indicating that before
garnet, glaucophane minerals was form
and in later metamorphic process
glaucophane was well preserved in
garnet so it cant be interfered with the
changes of temperature and pressure
in metamorphism process that form the
garnet. The corona structure showed by
the occurrence of chlorite (low grade
metamorphism) that surrounding
porphyroblast garnet (high pressure
metamorphism). From the
metamorphism structure and texture so
on KM-2 and DP-1 showed that the
metamorphism process begin with high
pressure metamorphism that follow by
the increase of temperature then
decreasing temperature and causing
low grade temperature.

Structure and texture which was
caused by the tectonic deformation just
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appeared in LU-1, indicated with two

schistose structure (S1,S2). Schistose
structure,S2 consist of muscovite,
quartz, actinolite and plagioclase then
schistose structure,S1 consist of
hornblende that only occur in few area
and commonly is being crossed by the
S2 structure. By seeing that condition,
so LU-1 had tectonic deformation two
times, the first deformation that
resulting S1 structure happen in high
pressure metamorphism so that is why
the hornblende was found then together
with the decreasing temperature
happen the second deformation that
resulting S2 that consist of muscovite,
quartz, actinolite and plagioclase. The
evidence of glaucophane as a relic
mineral showed that metamorphism
process happen in high pressure.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

High pressure metamorphism (>4 kbar)
in Karangsambung, Kebumen, Central
J ava, characterized by the occurrence
of high pressure metamorphism
diagnostic minerals such as
glaucophane and omphasite in KM-1,
but when we observe from the textural
composition, the abundance of those
mineral showed different
metamorphism process.

Glaucophane and omphasite on KM-1
was resulted from metamorphism
process in 10-16 kbar and 350-
580
0
C which resulting mineral in the
transition facies between blueschist and
eclogite, in the others glaucophane on
KM-2, DP-1 and LU-1, was experienced
metamorphism process three times, the
first when glaucophane mineral was
formed in >4 kbar (4-6 kbar) and
300
0
C then the isobaric condition
happened then resulting amphibolites
facies (indicate with hornblende
garnet) that performed in 6 kbar and
600
0
C and finally experienced the
regressive metamorphism process
(decreasing temperature and pressure)
which resulting greenschist facies
(indicate with actinolite, muscovite,
chlorite) in 400-450
0
C and 3-6 kbar.
During this process, LU-1 consider to
have higher pressure (4-6 kbar) than
KM-2 and DP-1. This was indicated
with the occurrence of glaucophane
which has contact with actinolite

During subduction process the material
from Indo-Australia plate experience
high increasing pressure relatively with
lower increasing in temperature. On
KM-1, increasing pressure can perform
to 10-16 kbar with the temperature
around 350-580
0
C which is resulting
group of mineral in transition facies
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between blueschist and eclogite. In

other way the increasing temperature
on KM-2, DP-1, LU-1, consider around
4-6 kbar with the temperature
300
0
C. Metamorphism process in
pressure around 4-6 kbar is happen in
depth around 15-20 km then
metamorphism in 10-16 kbar can only
be happened in depth around 35-50
km (Yardley, 1989 op.cit. Sucipta,
2006). From this data, can be said that
subduction process Indo-Australia plate
to Eurasia Plate in Karangsambung
area happen in late Cretaceous-
Paleogene and reach depth 50 km.

The next metamorphism process
indicated with Isobaric condition in
temperature around 600
0
C
(amphibolites facies on KM-2, DP-1,
LU-1). The cause of increasing
temperature possibly happen when the
subducting plate begin to melt and
resulting magma kitchen. This
condition cannot be detect on KM-1, it
is because the group mineral that
forming KM-1 still in stable condition in
temperature 600
0
C (the maximum
temperature for KM-1 580
0
C) or KM-1
doesnt interfered by the condition of
rising temperature because KM-1 is
was form in greater depth than the
other samples.

The last metamorphism process
characterized with decompression
condition (decreasing pressure rapidly)
with a little of decreasing temperature,
so the group of mineral which was form
before this process is well preserved
(can be found hornblende garnet as
primary mineral on KM-2, DP-1, LU-1).
In tectonic concept, the metamorphism
process possibly happen because there
is fast uplift that related to the changes
of subduction rate or the subducting of
micro-continent component which
causing the docked and then obducted
(Soesilo and Sutanto, 2000). During
this process the metamorphic rocks still
find the equilibrium condition that
indicated with regressive
metamorphism process. On KM-2, DP-
1, LU-1 is going to changes into
greenschist facies (indicated with
abundance of actinolite, muscovite,
chlorite as a primary mineral).

CONCLUSION

In Karangsambung area occur 4 step
of metamorphism process that can be
proved by the appearance of high
pressure metamorphism diagnostic
mineral such as lawsonite,
glaucophane, pyroxene (jadeit,
omphasite) and aragonite. On Km-1,
the metamorphism process proved by
the appearance of glaucophane and
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pyroxene (omphasite) as an indicator

On KM-2 and DP-1 glaucophane
appear as an inclusion of garnet
porfiroblast and on LU-1, glaucophane
appear in few zone as a relic mineral in
the part of actinolite body.
Then from the data that acquired,
commonly the tectonic history of
Karangsambung area is divided into
two part:
1. Subducting Event
From the samples, we can know that
the rising temperature to 350-580
0
C
and pressure 10-16 kbar was caused
by the the subduction of plate Indo-
Australia onto Eurasia plate and have
reach depth 50 km.
2. Uplift
There are evidences on the KM-2, DP-1
and LU-1 that proved uplift event in
Karangsambung area, it is because on
those samples there is actinolite,
muscovite and chlorite as minerals that
indicate decreasing temperature then
can be found direct contact of
glaucophane minerals with actinolite .


REFERENCES

Asikin, S., Harsolumakso, A.H., Busono,
H. And Gafoer, S. 1992. Geologic
Map of Kebumen Quadrangle,
J ava. Geological Research and
Development Center, Bandung.
Kadarusman, Ade., Massonne, H. J .,
Roermund, H. V., Permana, H.,
and Munasri. 2006. P-T Evolution
of Eclogite and Blueschists from
the Luk Ulo Complex of Central
J ava, Indonesia. International
Geology Review, Vol. 48.
Sucipta, I G.B.E. 2006. Petrologi
Batuan Metamorf Tekanan Tinggi
di Daerah Karangsambung,
Kebumen, J awa Tengah. Buletin
Geologi, Vol. 38, No. 2.
Soesilo, J . and Sutanto. 2000. Study on
Garnet Bearing Quartz-Muscovite
Schist Blocks of The Luk Ulo
Melange Complex, Kebumen,
Central J ava. Proc. of Indonesian
Association of Geologist, 29th
Annual Convention.
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Figure 1. The geological map of Karangsambung area (modified after Asikin et al., 1992 op.cit
Kadarusman et al., 2006). Karangsambung area consists of Karangsambung, Totogan,
Waturanda, Penosogan, and Halang Formation, are gently folded with E-W trending vertical
axial plane.




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Figure 2. The stratigraphy of Karangsambung area (Asikin et al., 1992). It consist of metamorphic
rocks, sedimentary rocks and ophiolite sequences. The stratigraphiy of this area influenced by
sedimentary and tectonic.