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2
+ 2 = 3,
2
+ 2 = 3 so = 1.
Some Interesting Facts
Vectors which are in the same direction can be added by simply adding their
magnitudes, while to add two vectors pointing in opposite directions their
magnitudes are subtracted and not added.
Column vectors can be added by simply adding the values in each row.
You can find the magnitude of a vector in three dimensions by using the
formula a
2
=b
2
+c
2
+d
2
, where a is the magnitude of the vector, and b, c, and d are the
components in each direction.
If l1 + m1 = l2 + m2 then l1 = l2 and m1 = m2
Cross product of vectors is not commutative.
Collinear Vectors are also parallel vectors except that they lie on the same line.
Three vectors are linearly dependent if they are coplanar which implies that any
one of them can be represented as a linear combination of other two.
The dot product of two parallel vectors is 1 and their cross product is 0.
Two collinear vectors are always linearly dependent but two non-collinear non-zero
vectors are always linearly independent.
Three coplanar vectors are always linearly dependent.
Three non-coplanar non-zero vectors are always linearly independent.
More than 3 vectors are always linearly dependent.
Minimum number of coplanar vectors for zero resultant is 2(for equal magnitude)
and 3 (for unequal magnitude).
DCs of a vector are unique and satisfy the relation l
2
+ m
2
+ n
2
= 1, where l, m and n
are the three DCs.
DRs are proportional to DCs and are not unique.
Tips to Master Vectors for IIT JEE
Vector is a simple topic but it demands conceptual clarity and
consistent practice. Due to lack of conceptual clarity, students
often end up committing silly mistakes which results in loss of
some easy scores. Listed below are some of the tips which can help you fetch perfect
scores in this simple topic:
Consulting too many books can lead to confusion and hence students must refer
just one or two books after they are done with the NCERTs.
Vectors are more of a geometrical concept rather than algebraic. Hence, when we
talk of (say) addition of two vectors, rather than assuming it to be simple addition
students are advised to visualize the concepts.
Vectors are free entities and hence one can move around a vector in the plane and
it will remain the same vector as long as its direction and magnitude are preserved.
Consistent practice is a must to excel in this topic.
Various results and formulae should be on fingertips.
While attempting a question on vectors, students are advised to visualize the
concept and draw a diagram for the same so that chances of committing mistakes
are minimized.
The concepts of dot product and cross product including their nature must be very
clear.
Suppose we have three non-zero vectors , & , then if their scalar triple
product is zero, then the three vectors are coplanar.
Practice sufficient number of previous year papers to get acquainted with the kind
of questions asked in exam.
Do not read the questions; try to depict them by figures to reach at the solution
easily.
Practical Applications of Vectors for IIT JEE
Vector is a comparatively new topic in the history of
mathematics but it has gained immense popularity in this short
span of time. It has wide range of applications in solving
geometric problems especially in the area of computer graphics. Some of the practical
applications include:
The concepts of vector dot and cross products are used to estimate the capability
of solar panels to produce the electrical power.
The concept of unit vectors is used in determining the directions like eats, north
etc. Whenever and wherever direction is to be determined in real life, unit vectors
play a vital role.
Flying planes are based on the concept of vector mathematics. The motion of the
plane is along the vector sum of wind and propeller velocity.
Driving and sailing also use the vector principles, although we dont really realize it.
If one needs to cross a flowing river, the concept of vectors is used in order to
determine the point where he will land on the side.
A bicycler tilts his umbrella forward while riding on a bicycle because the relative
velocity of the rain is slant and hits his face. The more the speed of the cycle, the
more he should tilt forward.
Controlling and tracing the movement of cars, ships and planes moving in space
involve the use of unit vectors.
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