College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

De La Salle University Dasmarias

Engineering Department Electrical Engineering



EEET511a: Illumination Engineering Lecture


Field Work No. 2:
MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL LIGHT SOURCES
(SUNLIGHT AND MOONLIGHT)



Date:
July 15, 2014


Onofre E. Algara Jr.
Mark David L. Annang
Students Name


Engr. Gener G. Restubog
Professor, EEET511a
I. OBJECTIVE
1. To determine the average illumination level in the
morning, noon and afternoon.
2. To determine the average outdoor illumination level
during night time.

II. INTRODUCTION
Light is a very important medium in which a person sees
an object and this form of electromagnetic energy is used and
controlled for lighting and visual environment. In this field
work the measurer will be able to learn the illumination levels
of night and day time in an open field where the lux meter is to
be used for measurement of the illumination level. The field
work will be done in two scenarios: evening and day time. The
illumination level in day time will be measured even if the
weather is sunny or cloudy and the behavior of the average
illumination level of day time will be seen and the same
applies when it is night time. The illumination level at night is
different from day time and it will also be seen as the clouds
begin to appear moonless or with moon light and these will be
recorded and studied according to each time interval in
measuring the average illumination level of the natural light
source of sun and moon.
III. MATERIALS NEEDED
1. Lux Meter
2. Paper and Pencil
3. Tape Meter
4. Chalk Meter

IV. PROCEDURES
Before the measurement of the illumination starts, the measurer
must be able to complete all the materials needed to measure
the average illumination level in daytime and night time.
1. Select an open field that has an area at least 100 sq. meters
and the open field must have no obstructions, less trees and
electrical posts because they affect the lux meter reading.
2. The area must be measured by using a tape meter and chalk.
The tape meter is used to measure the length and width of
the open field and the chalk must be used to measure the
square meter of the open field.
3. Make certain landmarks in order to indicate the area and
its divisions. If the area is full of grass make use of other
methods for making landmarks. The open field must be
drawn in the paper and the area must be drawn in a
rectangular form and the area is divided into sections at
least 8 lines are drawn in the row and column of the paper.
4. Once the sketch of the open field is drawn in the paper, the
lux meter height must be 0.8 m from the ground. The lux
meter is to be used for measuring the illumination level per
square meter. The reading must be done according to the
specified time of the night and day time.
5. Once the illumination level is measured, record the amount
of lumens per square meter.
6. This method is repeated for day time and night time
illumination level measurement depending on the time of
measurement.

V. LOCATION, PHOTO AND MEASUREMENT POINT

LOCATION MAP OF LOCATION 1
(DLSU-D OVAL)







LOCATION MAP OF LOCATION 2
(ST. FRANCIS HOMES 1 EXTENSION, SAN FRANCISCO, BINAN ,
LAGUNA 4024, PHILIPPINES)







LOCATION PHOTO OF LOCATION 1
(DLSU-D OVAL)

LOCATION PHOTO OF LOCATION 2
(ST. FRANCIS HOMES 1 EXTENSION, SAN FRANCISCO, BINAN ,
LAGUNA 4024, PHILIPPINES)

MEASUREMENT POINT OF LOCATION 1
(DLSU-D OVAL)

X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X




MEASUREMENT POINT OF LOCATION 2
(ST. FRANCIS HOMES 1 EXTENSION, SAN FRANCISCO, BINAN,
LAGUNA 4024, PHILIPPINES)

X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X

VI. DATA AND RESULTS
Table 1: Daylight Average Outdoor Illumination Level
TIME
AVERAGE ILLUMINATION
SUNNY SKY (x100) CLOUDY SKY (x100)
8:00 AM 667.16 lumens 446.64 lumens
10:00 AM 918.62 lumens 551.06 lumens
12:00 NN 1107.22 lumens 703.52 lumens
2:00 PM 1077.20 lumens 664.00 lumens
4:00 PM 367.30 lumens 149.36 lumens
6:00 PM 50.02 lumens 9.59 lumens

Table 2: Night Time Average Outdoor Illumination Level
TIME
AVERAGE ILLUMINATION
MOON (x100) MOONLESS (x100)
8:00 PM 2.03 lumens 0.65 lumens
10:00 PM 1.78 lumens 0.37 lumens
12:00 MN 2.16 lumens 1.04 lumens











Figure 1a (1): Light Distribution Profile (8AM Sunny)
(x100 lumens)

595 618 604 586 525 546 587 528 626 642
606 629 615 597 536 557 598 539 637 631
628 651 637 619 558 579 620 561 659 609
635 658 644 626 565 586 627 568 666 602
644 667 653 635 574 595 636 577 675 593
693 716 702 684 623 644 685 626 724 642
746 769 755 737 676 697 738 679 777 589
770 793 779 761 700 721 762 703 801 613
776 799 785 767 706 727 768 709 807 607
796 819 805 787 726 747 788 729 827 587

Figure 1a (2): Light Distribution Profile (8AM Cloudy)
(x100 lumens)

120 117 130 147 123 118 102 106 108 115
401 398 411 428 404 399 383 387 389 396
442 439 452 469 445 440 424 428 430 355
467 464 477 494 470 465 449 453 455 330
484 481 494 511 487 482 466 470 472 347
505 502 515 532 508 503 487 491 493 368
527 524 537 554 530 525 509 513 515 346
533 530 543 560 536 531 515 519 521 352
540 537 550 567 543 538 522 526 528 345
593 590 603 620 596 591 575 579 581 292







Figure 1b (1): Light Distribution Profile (12NN Sunny)
(x100 lumens)


1060 1024 1032 1044 1022 1059 1029 990 1020 1012
1080 1044 1052 1064 1042 1079 1049 1010 1040 992
1088 1052 1060 1072 1050 1087 1057 1018 1048 1000
1115 1079 1087 1099 1077 1114 1084 1045 1075 1027
1140 1104 1112 1124 1102 1139 1109 1070 1100 1002
1157 1121 1129 1141 1119 1156 1126 1087 1117 985
1161 1125 1133 1145 1123 1160 1130 1091 1121 989
1189 1153 1161 1173 1151 1188 1158 1119 1149 961
1199 1163 1171 1183 1161 1198 1168 1129 1159 971
1314 1278 1286 1298 1276 1313 1283 1244 1274 856







Figure 1b (2): Light Distribution Profile (12NN Cloudy)
(x100 lumens)


602 662 632 669 637 595 614 530 627 643
611 671 641 678 646 604 623 539 636 652
677 737 707 744 712 670 689 605 702 586
691 751 721 758 726 684 703 619 716 600
708 768 738 775 743 701 720 636 733 617
716 776 746 783 751 709 728 644 741 609
730 790 760 797 765 723 742 658 755 595
738 798 768 805 773 731 750 666 763 603
742 802 772 809 777 735 754 670 767 607
757 817 787 824 792 750 769 685 782 592







Figure 1c (1): Light Distribution Profile (6PM Sunny)
(x100 lumens)


51 53 46 48 51 49 52 50 44 47
55 57 50 52 55 53 56 54 48 43
52 54 47 49 52 50 53 51 45 42
50 52 45 47 50 48 51 49 43 44
55 57 50 52 55 53 56 54 48 39
49 51 44 46 49 47 50 48 42 45
52 54 47 49 52 50 53 51 45 48
51 53 46 48 51 49 52 50 44 49
54 56 49 51 54 52 55 53 47 52
52 54 47 49 52 50 53 51 45 54









Figure 1c (2): Light Distribution Profile (6PM Cloudy)
(x100 lumens)


10 12 9 8 11 12 10 9 8 11
9 10 9 10 12 8 8 10 8 10
10 9 10 12 10 9 11 11 10 11
8 10 8 12 12 7 8 9 12 10
7 8 10 9 12 11 10 11 9 10
8 7 11 8 9 8 10 9 10 9
9 9 10 9 10 10 9 10 12 10
10 12 9 11 7 8 10 8 10 9
10 10 8 9 9 9 11 9 9 10
9 11 10 10 12 8 9 8 8 9

Figure 2a (1): Light Distribution Profile (8PM with moonlight)
(x100 lumens)



1 2 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 4
2 3 1 1 0 0 2 1 4 3
3 4 2 1 3 0 3 0 5 2
2 3 1 0 1 1 4 2 4 3
4 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 6 1
`3 3 2 1 2 1 3 0 5 2
1 1 0 2 0 1 0 3 3 4
4 1 3 1 1 0 2 1 6 1
2 1 1 2 0 1 4 2 4 3
4 3 3 0 1 0 4 1 6 1








Figure 2a (2): Light Distribution Profile (8PM without moonlight)
(x100 lumens)



0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 2 1 1 0 1 2 0 1
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0






Figure 2b (1): Light Distribution Profile (10PM with moonlight)
(x100 lumens)


0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 0
2 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 0
2 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 0
1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1
1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1
0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1
1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1
1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1





Figure 2b (2): Light Distribution Profile (10PM without moonlight)
(x100 lumens)


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1





Figure 2c (1): Light Distribution Profile (12MN with moonlight)
(x100 lumens)


0 0 4 2 1 3 1 0 1 4
1 2 4 4 3 4 3 2 3 1
2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 0
0 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
3 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3
4 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 1
3 3 0 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
4 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 1
2 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 3





Figure 2c (2): Light Distribution Profile (12MN without moonlight)
(x100 lumens)


0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
2 2 1 2 1 2 2 0 2 0
1 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1




VII. OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS
In the data gathered concerning the average illumination
level of a 100 square meter area, it was observed that as time
passed by, the illumination level per square meter varied
because of the different areas that the sun light emitted per
square meter but there were almost identical values and there
was a slight difference in terms of lumens in each square meter.
The field where the measurement was taken was large enough
and the presence of any obstruction like trees, electrical posts
and many others were less. The condition was met because in
order to measure a proper average illumination level, there
must be no obstruction. As part of the observation to obtain a
good illumination level measurement, the condition must be met
and also the proper measurement of the area which was divided
into sections and the whole area was 100 square meters.
In day time, the average illumination level of the 10 square
meter area varied as the day time elapsed. According to the
data, the highest average illumination level was obtained at
12:00pm which was 1107.22 lumens and at the cloudy condition it
was 703.52 and the illumination level was set to x100 and the
same thing was done in other readings. The lowest average
illumination level was at 8:00am which was 667.16 lumens while
at the cloudy state it was 446.64 lumens. The moderate average
illumination level was at 10:00am which was 918.62 lumens and
at the cloudy state it was 551.06 lumens. These readings were
taken during morning until noon. The average illumination level
as time elapsed has increased from 8:00am until 12:00nn but as
the afternoon progressed, the average illumination level has
drastically changed below 1000 plus lumens. From 2:00pm to
6:00pm, the lowest average illumination level was at 6:00pm
which was 50.02 lumens and at cloudy condition it was 9.59. The
highest average illumination level was at 2:00pm which was
1077.2 lumens at the cloudy state it was 664 lumens. The moderate
average illumination level was at 4:00pm which was 367.3 lumens
and 149.36 lumens at cloudy condition. The time at which the sun
emitted its light directly and increased its illumination level
was at 12:00nn and it decreased at 2:00pm but it was still hot
enough but at 4:00pm the average illumination level gradually
decreased.
In night time, another location was used as a reference and
the moon was the source of light and the condition of the
weather was either with moon or moonless and each time has its
illumination level with moon and moonless. At 8:00pm, the
average illumination level with moon was 2.03 lumens while at
moonless condition it was 0.65 lumens/square meter. At
10:00pm, the average illumination level with moon was 1.78
lumens/square meter and with moonless it was 0.37
lumens/square meter. At 12:00mn, the illumination level was at
2.16 with moon and with moonless condition it was at 1.04 lumens/
square meter. There was a huge difference between the average
illumination level at daytime and night time depending on the
weather condition either sunny, cloudy, moon or moonless.

VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is therefore conclude that the average illumination of a 10
square meter area is affected by the following conditions and
parameters: weather condition, presence of obstruction like
trees and electrical posts, the time that the measurement is
taken and the calibration of the lux meter.
The weather condition at day time and night time must be
observed in order to measure the average illumination level and
the measurement is taken within a specified time like from 8am
until 12nn and each time has its illumination level in each square
meter that is within the area of illumination that is because the
distribution of the luminous intensity of a natural source of
light may it be sun or moon light the illumination level of an
area is affected because of the propagation of light and the
inverse square law that states that the illumination level is
directly proportional to the luminous intensity while inversely
proportional to the square of distance so the illumination level
is affected within a certain distance and the distribution of
illumination level varies within the square distance in the area.
The presence of the obstruction on the area must also be
taken in to consideration the illumination level of an area is
affected because the light travelling from the source hits an
obstruction and since light is a form of electromagnetic energy
it has a waveform behaviour and its reflectance and angle of
incidence is affected instead of falling on the surface
perpendicularly and the angle affects the illumination level of
the area. The area must be an open field and there must be no
trees and other obstructions within the 10 square meter area
and it gives convenience to the measurer because it allows the
measurer to measure the illumination level without thinking
about the obstruction. The obstruction in the area will affect the
accuracy and precision of the lux meter.
The time is also an important parameter in measuring the
average illumination level of an area because it has different
lux values with respect to time and the efficacy of the natural
source of light depends on the intensity of its energy that it
gives. The night and day time conditions must also be followed
in order to achieve an illumination level measurement.
Finally, the lux meter must always be calibrated in order
to achieve an accurate and precise measurement. It is also wise
to look an available and yet with a good quality of lux meters
in the market. The lux meters calibration is a very important
factor to be taken into consideration because it will affect the
flow of the measurement and at the same time the data will be
affected and the measurement will repeat and it will be time
consuming for the measurers part.