Multiplication Techniques

Example
Find 42 x 48 ?
Solution

Both the numbers here start with 4 and the unit digits (2 and 8) add up to 10.
Steps:
1. First multiply the unit digit of the number: 2 8 = 16
2. Then multiply 4 by 5 (the succeeding number) to get 20 for the first part of
the answer.
3. So, Required answer is 2016.


Example
Find 44 64?
Solution
1. Here tens digit are 4 and 6 and their sum is 10 and unit digits of both
numbers are same. Multiplying the unit digits, we get 4 4 = 16. Put it
at right hand side.
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Multiplication Techniques
Multiplying 2-digit numbers where the Tens digit add up to 10 and Unit digits
are same:

Suppose, we want to find the multiplication of two numbers AB & CB (where A,
B, C represent various digits of the numbers) and these two numbers satisfy a
condition which says A + C = 10, then we can follow the following steps to find
the answers.
First find the multiplication of last two digit of both the numbers ie.
Find B x B. It will give us last 2 digits of the answer.
Multiply the Tens digits and Add the common digit to the
multiplication ie. find AxC + B. It will give us the initial digits of the
multiplication.
Comment
2. Again multiplying the tens digits of numbers and adding common
digit, we get (4 6) + 4 = 24 + 4 = 28. Put it at the left hand side. So, we
get required answer as 2816.
Multiplying numbers just over / below 100.

Example
108 109?
Solution
108 109 = 11772. The answer is in two parts: 117 and 72, 117 is just 108 + 9
(or 109 + 8), and 72 is just 8 9.
Now, check for 107 106 = 11342. As before, the surpluses above the base
of 100 are set down on the right.
100 + 15 + 7 = 122 or 115 + 07 = 122 or 115 + 7 = 122 or 107 + 15 = 122
7 15 = 105, but since the right-hand portion has only two digits we must
carry the 1 of 105 to the left. So, the answer is 12305.

Special Multiplication Technique for 5, 25, 125 & 625

Number Method Example
Multiplication by 5
Put one 0 at the end of
the number and devide
by 2 512x5 = 5120/2=2560
Multiplication by 25
Put two 0 at the end of
the number and devide
by 4
512x25 =
51200/4=12800
Multiplication by 125
Put three 0 at the end of
the number and devide
by 8
512x125 =
512000/8=64000
Multiplication by 625
Put Four 0 at the end of
the number and devide
by 16
512x625 =
5120000/16=320000

Multiplication of digits near 100
Our approach should be this:

Note: The above method can be applied to numbers which are just above
10000 as well, by changing the base to 1000 instead of 100.
Comment

Whenever we have more than 100 on the right hand side we add the digits at the
100 place to the left hand side (as shown above). In the above case the digit at
the 100 place is 1 so we will be required to add 1 to the left and side of the
digit, thus our answer comes to 7743 which is same as obtained by conventional
method.

Multiplication of digit near 50
We can state 50 = 100/2
Therefore, we will divide the number obtained after crosswise operation by 2.

Example
33/39 = 3339 or 66 50 (Base) + 39 = 3300 + 39 = 3339


Example
Cross wise operation (47 + 14) or (64 3) given us 61.
To get 3050, you can simply multiply the left-hand (61) side by 100 and divide by
2 to get the desired result.
Multiplication of a 2-digit number by a 2-digit number

Example
th
th
12 13?
Solution
Steps:
1. Multiply the right-hand digits of multiplicand and multiplier (unit-digit
of multiplicand with unit-digit of the multiplier).
2. Now, do cross-multiplication, i.e., multiply 3 by 1 and 1 by 2. And the
two products and write down the left of 6.
3. In the last step we multiply the left-hand figures of both multiplicand
and multiplier (tens digit of multiplicand with tens digit of
multiplier).
So, the answer is 156.

Example
325 17 = ?
Solution
Steps:
Step 1
(5 7 = 35, put down 5 and carry over 3)

Step 2
Comment
(2 7 + 5 1 + 3 = 22, put down 2 and carry over 2)
Step 3
(3 7 + 2 1 + 2 = 25, put down 5 and carry over 2)

Step 4
So, answer is 5525

Three digit number multiplied by three digit number
Now let us try to see the Magical method. We will explain this method using our
old friends a, b, c and x, y, z.


Example


How to gain speed?

The key to speed is to do away with the intermediate steps:
This is being explained with the help of the following example.
To get better results, you should try to do all intermediate steps mentally and
directly write down the answers in each step.

Comment
Comment
Multiplying any number with 11


With a little practice method can be applied without writing but some care must
be taken when carry overs are involved.

Squaring Any 2 Digit Number Boundary Method
1. Look for the nearest 10 boundary. Eg. 3 from 47 to 50
2. Since we went up 3 to 50, now go down 3 from 47 to 44.
3. Now mentally multiply 44 x 50 = 2200 - 1st answer.
4. 47 is 3 away from the 10 boundary 50, Square 3 as 9 - 2nd answer.
5. Add the first and second answer, 2200 + 9
Answer: 2209

Multiplied with 12

Example: 13,423 11
Write down the number, as shown on the right, with a zero placed at both ends. This is
a zero sandwich.
0134230
Add the last two digits, 3 + 0 = 3, and write the answer below the 0.
For the tens digit, add the hundred place digit and tens digit, that is 2 + 3 = 5.
Continue to add adjacent digits, that is, 4 + 2 = 6, 3 + 4 = 7 and 1 + 3 = 4, 0 + 1 = 1. The
answer is 147,653.
0134230 11
147653

Example:6
5214 12
Again we start with the zero sandwich. 0652140.
The ultimate digit is 0 and the penultimate digit is 4. Adding the ultimate
digit and twice the penultimate digit, we get 0 + 8 = 8.
For the tens column, the ultimate digit is 4 and the penultimate digit is 1, so
4 + 2 = 6.
Comment



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Likewise, 1 + 4 = 5 and 2 + 10 = 12. With 12 we set down 2 and carry 1.
5 + 12 + carry 1 = 18 and again we carry 1.
The final step is 6 + 0 + carry 1 = 7. So, the answer is 782568.

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