Latin II History

Augustus Born Gaius Octavius, Rome achieved great glory under Augustus. He
restored peace after !! years of civil "ar# maintained an honest government
and a sound currency system# e$tended the high"ay system connecting Rome
"ith its far%flung empire# developed an efficient postal service# fostered free
trade among the provinces# and &uilt many &ridges, a'ueducts and &uildings
adorned "ith &eautiful "or(s of art created in the classical style. Literature
flourished "ith "riters including )irgil, Horace, Ovid, and Livy.
Hanni&al Great military tactician for *arthage. +ost famous for leading an army all
mounted on elephants from ,pain to Italy going through many rivers and across
the Alps.
-ulius *aesar % He "as a &rilliant military leader and lead many campaigns, "hich
included# .he Helvetic *ampaign in /0 B*, .he Belgic *ampaign in /1 B*,
.he )enetic *ampaign in /2 B*, and many others. .he "hole point of these
campaigns "as to get high pu&lic and political acclaim. Assassinated &y a group
of conspirators "ho felt he gained too much po"er. He also is closely associated
"ith the 3Ides of +arch4 "hich "as the day he "as (illed.
*leopatra ,he "as the last 5haraoh of 6gypt. ,he "as also *aesar7s lover for a "hile so
that he "ould &ac( her claim to the throne. ,he also had an affair "ith +ar(
Antony and they eventually committed suicide together.
+ar( Antony % A great friend of *aesar, Great General, did not try to assassinate *aesar
"hen offered to, al"ays *aesar7s right hand man.
,partacus *aptured and trained for to &e a gladiator, &ut &efore he fought he lead an
escape "ith other captives and they "ere successful. Later ,partacus gathered
more and more slaves for a slave re&ellion.
.he 5unic 8ars . *athage attac(ed Rome &y sea Rome had no navy. 6arly &attles
"ere catastrophic for Rome until they had a larger navy and a system
on their ships that let them grapple on to enemy &oats letting the
solider on &oard clim& to the other &oat.
9. Hanni&al attac(ed ,pain then crossed the Alps to attac( Italy. .he
Romans attac(ed *artanageny the capital so Hanni&al returned to
defeat them.
:. .he Romans attac(ed carthage and &urned it to the ground.
*aesar7s *on'uest of Gaul ;<rance= *aesar too( his Roman armies and "hen up to
Gaul ;<rance= and concurred the scattered tri&es and united them under his rule.
Latin III
5yrrhus >ing of 6pirus. He fought Rome for land in Italy. .he victory at &attle of
Asculum came at a great cost for him. He "as "ea(ened &ut "as defeated &y
later attac(s.
+arius He "as a Roman General and *onsul "ho served a record seven terms. He
reformed the army and helped change Rome from a repu&lic to an empire.
,ulla He "as a Roman General "ho served t"ice as consul as "ell as the director once.
He "as a highly successful general he never lost a &attle.
5ompey % He participated in the suppression of a slave re&ellion led &y ,partacus, he also
tried to prevent *aesar from running for consul, later attac(ed &y *aesar and
driven &ac( to 6gypt and dies there.
Livia ,he "as Augustus77 "ife
.i&erius He "as a great ruler e$cept for "hen he committed treason, he decided to
strengthen the Roman 6mpire &y &uilding forts and connecting the empire
rather than attac( other empires.
*annae % It is primarily (no"n for the Battle of *annae, in "hich the numerically
superior Roman army suffered a disastrous defeat &y Hanni&al in 92 B* ;see
5unic 8ars=. .here is a considera&le controversy as to "hether the &attle too(
place on the right or the left &an( of the river.
Actium % Actium is chiefly famous as the site of Octavian?s decisive victory over +ar(
Antony ;,eptem&er 9, : B*=. It "as the @aval Battle of Actium. .he final
conflict "as provo(ed &y Antony, "ho is said to have &een persuaded &y his
lover, the 'ueen *leopatra of 6gypt, to retire to her land and give &attle to mas(
his retreat.