Chapter 2 - The Ideology of Pakistan

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* Ideology and Basic Elements of the Ideology of Pakistan.
* Two ation Theory
* Ideology of Pakistan e!po"nd #y the $"aid-e-%&am and %llama I'#al
* Islam is the Ideological fo"ndation of Pakistan
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Chapter 2 - Ideology and Basic Elements of the Ideology of Pakistan.
$.). *e+ne Ideology and descri#e the #asic elements of the Ideology of Pakistan.
Contents
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* ) *e+nition of Ideology
* 2 Ideology of Pakistan
* . Two ation Concept
* / Elements of Ideology of Pakistan
* 0 Importance of Ideology in ational 1ife
* 2 Concl"sion
*e+nition of Ideology
3cience of ideas4 5isionary spec"lations4 manner of thinking4 characteristic of a
class or indi5id"al4 ideas on the #asis of some economic4 social or political theory or
system is called Ideology. It contains those ideals4 which a nation stri5es to
accomplish in order to #ring sta#ility to its nationhood. *e+ning ideology4 6eorge
1ewis say
Ideology is a plan or program which is #ased "pon philosophy.
Ideology of Pakistan
Pakistan is an ideological state and the ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic ideology.
Its #asic principle #eing
The only so5ereigner is %llah
Islam acted as a nation #"ilding force #efore the esta#lishment of Pakistan. Ideology
of Pakistan #asically means that Pakistan sho"ld #e a state where the 7"slims
sho"ld ha5e an opport"nity to li5e according to the faith and creed #ased on the
Islamic principles. They sho"ld ha5e all the reso"rces at their disposal to enhance
Islamic c"lt"re and ci5ili&ation. $"aid-e-%&am said
Pakistan was created the day the +rst Indian national entered the +eld of Islam.
From the a#o5e statement4 it is clear that Ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic one.
Two ation Concept
The f"ndamental concept of Ideology is that 7"slims sho"ld get a separate identity.
They sho"ld ha5e a separate state where they co"ld li5e according to Islamic r"les
and principles4 profess their religion freely and safeg"ard Islamic tradition. 8n one
occasion $"aid-e-%&am said
The 7"slims demand Pakistan where they can r"le in accordance with their own
system of life4 their c"lt"ral de5elopment4 their traditions and Islamic laws.
Th"s4 this f"ndamental concept of Ideology led to the concept of two nations in the
3"# Continent and res"lted in the formation of Pakistan.
Elements of Ideology of Pakistan
9ind"s and 7"slims #elong to two di:erent religio"s philosophers4 social c"stoms4
and literat"res. They #elong to two di:erent ci5ili&ations which are #ased mainly on
con;icting ideas and conceptions. Therefore4 7"slim nation demanded a separate
homeland where they co"ld ha5e the freedom to practice their religion and li5e their
li5es as free indi5id"als of an independent co"ntry. There are +5e
principles<elements of the ideological fo"ndation of Pakistan.
). Islam
2. Two ation Theory
.. Territorial 1and
/. *emocratic 3ystem
0. =rd" 1ang"age
). Islam4 a ation-B"ilding Force
Pakistan came into #eing on the #asis of Islam. It was only Islam4 which gal5ani&ed
7"slims and lined them "p #ehind 7"slim 1eag"e. 8ther factors4 political and
economic ones4 also played some part in "niting 7"slims to str"ggle for Pakistan
#"t Islam was the preponderant factor as it ser5es as a cementing force for 7"slim
society and is the primary link #etween 7"slims the world o5er. E5erything else
follows Islam. The entire str"ggle of the 7"slims of the s"#continent was to ha5e a
state where they co"ld freely maintain their Islamic entity. o other factor was so
clear and intelligi#le for 7"slim masses. 7"slims grad"ally de5eloped a national
conscio"sness in the Indo-Pakistan s"#continent> they collecti5ely str"ggled for the
right of self-determination and the esta#lishment of an independent homeland to #e
car5ed o"t from those territories where they constit"ted ma?orities where Islam
co"ld #e accepted as the ideal pattern for the indi5id"als life. They e5ent"ally
sec"red what they wanted. 9ence4 the historical fact which co"ld not #e denied is
that the formation of the 7"slim nation preceded the demand for a homeland.
Pakistan itself did not gi5e #irth to any nation> on the contrary4 the 7"slim nation
str"ggled for and #ro"ght Pakistan into #eing. $"aid-e-%&am said
@e do not demand Pakistan simply to ha5e a piece of land #"t we want a la#oratory
where we co"ld e!periment on Islamic principles.
Islamic ideology is not merely a matter of #elief4 dogma and rit"al. It is a religion in
the wider sense of the word. It is a way of life4 a whole comple! of social and moral
norms entwined with theological metaphysics. The f"ndamental teachings of Islam
are "ni5ersally accepted. Belief in 6od4 +nality of prophet-hood4 h"man rights and
social ?"stice4 management of a:airs thro"gh consens"s4 moral 5al"es of
charita#leness4 tolerance and "ni5ersal #rotherhood> these are sonic of the cardinal
principles enshrined #y the $"ran and 3"nnah. The only force which keeps 7"slim
nation "nited is Islam which is the ideological fo"ndation of Pakistan.
2. Two-ation Theory
The Two ation Theory was the #asis of str"ggle for creation of Pakistan. It implies
that 7"slims of 3"#continent were a nation '"ite distinct and separate from the
9ind"s. They in spite of li5ing together for cent"ries co"ld not forget their indi5id"al
c"lt"res and ci5ili&ation.
3ir 3yed %hmed Ahan was the +rst to gi5e the wake "p call and decided to prepare
7"slims to +ght the ad5ertisity with similar weapons - modern ed"cation and
knowledge4 employed for domination. @ith him4 his %ligarh 7o5ement4 his #ooks
and maga&ine Tah&i#"l %khla'4 he started an awareness mo5ement. he prepared
the gro"nd for "niting and gal5ani&ing 7"slim comm"nity of the s"#continent. 9is
colleag"es incl"ding awa# 7ohsin"l 7"lk and others created conditions which led
to the esta#lishment of %ll-India 7"slim 1eag"e in *haka in )BC24 a landmark in the
history of Pakistan 7o5ement.
8n 7arch 224 )B/C in his presidential address to the %ll-India 7"slim 1eag"e 1ahore
session4 the fo"nder of Pakistan 7"hammad %li Dinnah made it plain that
The 9ind"s and the 7"slims #elong to two di:erent religio"s philosophies4 social
c"stoms and literat"re. They neither intermarry4 nor interdine together4 and indeed
they #elong to two di:erent ci5ili&ations which are #ased mainly on con;icting ideas
and conceptions.
This was not a matter of mere hair-splitting #"t an e5eryday fact of life4 which one
cannot fail to feel in almost e5ery sphere of h"man acti5ity. This then is the cr"!
and s"#stance of the Two ation Theory4 which formed the #asis of British IndiaEs
partition in two independent 9ind" and 7"slim 3tates. The 9ind" ma?ority areas of
India formed India and the 7"slims ma?ority regions came together "nder the
"ni'"e name of Pakistan. 8n the same premises $"aid-e-%&am dismissed the
wishes of the 9ind" and the British colonialists for a ?oint 9ind" 7"slim nationhood
as a pipe dream. @ith single-minded de5otion #e fo"ght against this menace and
s"cceeded in getting the idea of a separate 7"slim identity recogni&ed. In the 2Fth
%nn"al 3ession of the 7"slim 1eag"e in )B/) in 7adras4 $"aid-e-%&am formally
declared this o#?ecti5e as the ideology of the 7"slim 1eag"e. It is this 5ery ideology
which is the second important ingredient of ideology of Pakistan.
.. Territorial 1and
%mongst the constit"tes of ideology of Pakistan4 land is the third important element.
% piece of land was necessary for the e!istence4 sta#ili&ation and promotion of
Islamic ideology as so"l re'"ires #ody. $"aid-e-%&am said in his address to P"n?a#
7"slim 3t"dents Federation in 7arch )B/)4
othing wo"ld #e achie5ed simply #y raising slogans for nation. @e are one nation
and the nation cannot s"r5i5e in the air4 it re'"ires an independent land to settle
where it can r"le and o"r demand is the same.
9owe5er4 %ll-India 7"slim 1eag"e demanded a separate homeland constit"ting the
areas in which the 7"slims are n"merically in a ma?ority s"ch as in the orth-
@estern and Eastern &ones of India on 7arch 2.4 )B/C. @ith DinnahEs "ntiring
e:orts4 indomita#le will4 and da"ntless co"rage4 he "nited the Indian 7"slims "nder
the #anner of the 7"slim 1eag"e and car5ed o"t a homeland for them within G
years4 despite sti: opposition from the 9ind" Congress and the British 6o5ernment.
/. *emocratic 3ystem
In an Islamic state4 all the a:airs are decided on the #asis of 3hariat H*emocracyI. In
other words4 all the social4 economic4 political and the c"lt"ral a:airs are operated
on the #asis of m"t"al consens"s and Islamic democracy. The same system has also
#een referred in 3"rah %l-Imram4 7"hammad HP.B.=.9I "sed to operate all the state
a:airs after disc"ssing with his 3aha#as HcompanionsI4 @hen this '"estions rose
that what wo"ld #e the system of go5ernment in Pakistan4 it sho"ld4 no do"#t4 #e
Islamic. Islamic system of go5ernment is Islamic democracy or system of 3hariat.
Creation of Pakistan is the glorio"s e!ample of i?ma-e-"mmat Hnational consens"sI.
%t the time of esta#lishment of Pakistan4 referend"m was held in all the 7"slim
ma?ority pro5inces to take their consent to the incl"ded in Pakistan. 3harai system
of state4 therefore4 is the +fth ingredient of Pakistan.
0. =rd" 1ang"age
1ang"age is not a f"ndamental characteristic of a nation4 #"t still remains one of
the feat"res #y which a nation may #e disting"ished or one of the gro"nds on which
nationalism may #e fo"nded. In the s"#-continent4 =rd" was considered to #e the
lang"age of 7"slims and 9indi to the 9ind"s.
*"ring the last days of the 7"slim r"le4 =rd" emerged as the most common
lang"age of the northwestern pro5inces of India. It was declared the oJcial
lang"age4 and all oJcial records were written in this lang"age. In )F2G4 some
prominent 9ind"s started a mo5ement in Banaras in which they demanded the
replacement of =rd" with 9indi4 and the Persian script with the *e5a agri script4 as
the co"rt lang"age in the northwestern pro5inces. The reason for opposing =rd"
was that the lang"age was written in Persian script4 which was similar to the %ra#ic
3cript4 and %ra#ic was the lang"age of the $"ran4 the 9oly Book of the 7"slims. The
mo5ement grew '"ickly and within a few months spread thro"gho"t the 9ind"
pop"lation of the northwestern pro5inces of India. This sit"ation pro5oked the
7"slims to come o"t in order to protect the importance of the =rd" lang"age. The
opposition #y the 9ind"s towards the =rd" lang"age made it clear to the 7"slims
that 9ind"s were not ready to tolerate the c"lt"re and traditions of the 7"slims. 3o
7"slims also #egan to think a#o"t esta#lishing a political party of their own for their
s"r5i5al and centrali&ing their e:orts to ha5e their rights. Conse'"ently4 %ll India
7"slim 1eag"e was esta#lished in *ecem#er .C4 )BC2.
The =rd"-9indi contro5ersy completely altered 3ir 3yedEs point of 5iew. 9e had #een
a great ad5ocate of 9ind"-7"slim "nity #"t after this e5ent he p"t forward the Two-
ation Theory4 predicting that the di:erences #etween the two gro"ps wo"ld
increase with the passage of time and the two comm"nities wo"ld not ?oin together
in anything wholeheartedly. 7a"l5i %#d"l 9a'"e aptly said
=rd" is the +rst #rick in the fo"ndation of Pakistan.
Importance of Ideology in ational 1ife
Ideology is a moti5ating force for a nation4 which is stri5ing hard to #ring sta#ility
and homogeneity to its nation hood. It pro5ides the #inding force to the scattered
gro"ps in a society and #rings them close to each other on a common platform.
Ideologies impel their adherence to follow a ?oint linked action for the
accomplishment of their goal. Ideologies gi5e shape to the re5ol"tions and create
new c"lt"res and ci5ili&ations. They stress on their adherents to insist on the
reali&ation of their ideal thro"gh total transformation of society.
Concl"sion
The f"ndamental concept of the ideology of Pakistan is that 7"slims are separate
nation ha5ing their own c"lt"re4 literat"re4 religion and way of life. They cannot #e
merged in any other nation. They sho"ld #e a#le to de5elop their c"lt"re and
religio"s traditions in an Islamic 3tate and they sho"ld #e a#le to create a tr"e
Islamic society for themsel5es.
Th"s the ideology of Pakistan which de5eloped thro"gh the period of 7ohammad
Bin $asim and others and followed #y political leaders like $"aid-e-%&am was
materiali&ed in )B/G