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and by whom?
It is written; "In the beginning God created the heaven
and the earth." Genesis 1:1
1
There is no mention in this verse of God creating a place
called hell, as such term is commonly understood. In verses !"#
of the $rst chapter of Genesis we have a description of the
things God created, and the record continues:
"%nd God saw every thing that he had made, and,
behold, it was very good. %nd the evening and the morning
were the si&th day. Thus the heavens and the earth were
$nished, and all the host of them. %nd on the seventh day God
ended his wor' which he had made; and he rested on the
seventh day from all his wor' which he had made." Genesis
1:"1!:
%s we see by the preceding verses, there is no mention in
the Book of Beginnings (Genesis) of God creating a place called hell
* and, it "was very good." +in did not enter the world until after
the time that "God ended his wor' which he had made," so
there would have been no need for any place called hell before
that time. ,ad %dam and -ve not sinned they would have lived
eternally, for they had access to the tree of life. -ven after the
record of %dam and -ve having fallen into sin, there is still no
scriptural record of God creating a place called hell, as that term
is commonly understood.
%s there is no record in the .ible of God having created
a place called hell, as that term is traditionally understood, then
who did create it/ The devil/ There is no scriptural record of
any such thing happening. There is no .iblical statement even
inferring the beginning of a literal place of burning called hell.
Though the .ible does testify of the time when $re will come
down from heaven to destroy the wic'ed, and identi$es a certain
place of destruction as "the la'e of $re," there is no statement
1 All Biblical references are from the KJV unless otherwise noted.
1
identifying either as hell. There is nothing in the .ible which
would suggest that the devil is in charge of either the $re from
heaven or the la'e of $re. To the contrary, it appears that God is
actually in charge of the $re:
"%nd when the thousand years are e&pired, +atan
shall be loosed out of his prison, and shall go out to
deceive the nations which are in the four 0uarters of the
earth, Gog and 1agog, to gather them together to battle:
the number of whom is as the sands of the sea. %nd they
went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the
camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and $re
came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them.
%nd the devil that deceived them was cast into the la'e of
$re and brimstone...and death and hell were cast into the
la'e of $re. This is the second death" 2evelation #:3!1#,
14
%ccording to the foregoing te&t, the devil himself was not
sub5ected to $re from heaven while he was loc'ed up in "his
prison." Therefore, +atan6s "prison" is something different from
the traditional understanding of hell as a literal place where the
devil dwells. The te&t also declares that "hell" itself will be
sub5ected to the consuming $re that comes down from God out
of heaven. The remaining verses of 2evelation # describe the
5udgement scene after which all of the wic'ed who had
previously been resurrected will themselves be cast into the la'e
of $re. This also shows that the wic'ed had not been sub5ected
to the $re from heaven prior to that time.
The 0uestion to those who believe that there is currently
a literal place 'nown as hell, and that people are currently being
tormented by 7ames of $re which are under the devil6s control,
and that the unrepentant wic'ed will consciously inhabit said
place for all eternity, is, "8hat effect will the 6la'e of $re6 have
upon hell/"
2
There is no statement in the .ible which indicates that
the devil currently lives in hell. 9or is there a statement to the
effect that the devil has ever even been in hell. %s to where +atan
has been spending his time before his eventual imprisonment,
we have his own testimony:
"9ow there was a day when the sons of God came
to present themselves before the :ord, +atan also came
among them. %nd the :ord said to +atan, 6;rom where do
you come/6 Then +atan answered the :ord and said,
6;rom roaming about on the earth and wal'ing around on
it.6" <ob 1: =, 3 (New American Standard Bible)
The reason that many of those who profess to have faith
in God and accept the ,oly +criptures as their guide believe
that there is a literal place called hell, is because they believe that
the dead are not really dead, but are conscious of their situation.
The reason for this is that they do not ta'e the +criptures as a
whole, but rather base their presumptions on a few te&ts ta'en
out of their conte&t, and fail to see the whole picture.
The remedy for dispelling the confusion lies in a correct
understanding of the nature of man. It comes down to these
0uestions, "Is man an immortal being/" >r, stated differently,
"?oes man have an immortal soul/" "?oes man have a soul
which is a separate entity from his body, or is man a soul/"
"8hat e&actly is a soul/" It is written,
"%nd the :>2? God formed man of the dust of
the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of
life; and man became a living soul." Genesis :3
It is clearly stated in this verse that a living soul is a
combination of the "dust of the ground" which God used to
form man6s body, and "the breath of life" @ the spirit which
comes from God. Thus man "became a living soul."
3
The same ,ebrew word, nephesh, translated "soul" with
reference to man, is translated "creature" when referring to the
animals which also have the breath of life. This unfounded
distinction arises not from observable nature (for all animals are
seen to e&press human characteristics), but rather from fantasy. It
comes from the baseless notion that we are eternal spiritual
beings who are only temporarily occupying our 7eshly bodies.
It is written that man became a living soul, a living
nephesh. This implies that there is such a thing as a dead soul, a
dead nephesh. %nd so it is. In 9umbers 1A:11 we $nd the words
"...the dead body of any man..." 2eading in the ,ebrew words
we have, "the dead nephesh of any adam" * " the dead soul of any
man." Thus a soul may be living or dead, and is not an
immortal entity. It6s interesting that the translators substituted
the word body for soul, thus implying, incorrectly, that it is only
the body that actually dies, and not the whole being, the living
nephesh. "The soul that sinneth, it shall die." -Be'iel 1C:#
Darefully note that nothing is said about an eternal soul
entering into the lifeless dust. In the -nglish .ibles, the words
"breath" and "+pirit" are both translated from the same ,ebrew
word ruah. The "breath of life" has been de$ned as "the spirit of
God", as it is written,
"%ll the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of
God is in my nostrils, 1y lips shall not spea' wic'edness,
nor my tongue utter deceit" <ob 3:", 4
% good picture of man6s nature may be seen in the
modern light bulb. The light which is produced by the
combination of the bulb and the electricity is a representation of
what a soul is. %s it ta'es a bulb and electricity to ma'e the light,
so it ta'es a body formed of dust and the spirit of God within it
to ma'e a soul. Is the light in the light bulb eternal/ If the bulb
brea's, the light goes out. If the electricity ceases to activate the
4
bulb, the light goes out. +uch is the state of man when he dies,
as it is written,
"The soul that sinneth, it shall die. " -Be'iel 1C:#
+in is de$ned as "transgression of the law." (1 <ohn ":4)
There are physical laws and spiritual laws. If one violates the
laws of the physical, his body can be bro'en and he dies. The
same is true with the spiritual laws. The spirit that dwells in a
man can leave the body, resulting in death. % soul which is
sub5ect to dying is not immortal, for it is written that God
"...only hath immortality, dwelling in the light
which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath
seen, nor can see: to whom be honour and power
everlasting. %men." 1 Timothy =:1=
8hat, then, does it mean to die/ It is written,
"Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was:
and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it."
-cclesiastes 1:3
"8hile I live will I praise the :>2?: I will sing
praises unto my God while I have any being. Eut not your
trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is
no help. ,is breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth;
in that very day his thoughts perish." Esalm 14=: !4
"Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled: thou
ta'est away their breath, they die, and return to their
dust." Esalm 1#4:A This is death.
"Thou sendest forth thy +pirit, they are created:
and thou renewest the face of the earth." Esalm 1#4:"#.
This is the resurrection.
5
+imply then, death is the separation of the breath (spirit)
from the body. The spirit returns bac' to God who gave it, and
the dust from which we are formed goes bac' to dust. The soul
which a man became by the combination of the dust and the
spirit ceases to e&ist, 5ust as the light of a light bulb goes out and
ceases to e&ist. The soul which had come into e&istence as a
result of the combination of the dust and the spirit doesn6t go
anywhere when it dies, any more than the light of the bulb goes
anywhere when it goes out.
%s stated earlier, translators have made an unwarranted
distinction between man'ind and the beast when translating the
word nephesh as soul when referring to the life of man, and as
creature when referring to the life of animals. Fet the +criptures
not only declare that man6s and the beasts6 beings are of the
same nature * dust with the breath of life within * but also that
their death is the same. Thus we read:
"I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the
sons of men, that God might manifest them, and that they
might see that they themselves are beasts. ;or that which
befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing
befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea,
they have all one breath; so that a man hath no
preeminence above a beast: for all is vanity. %ll go unto
one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again."
-cclesiastes ":1C!#
9ot only are "all are of the dust, and all turn to dust
again," but the same thing happens to the "spirit," "the breath"
which is within all souls (creatures) * nephesh. Thus the 0uestion
is as'ed:
"8ho 'nows that the breath of man ascends
upward, and the breath of the beast descends downward
to the earth/" -cclesiastes ":1 (New American Standard Bible)
6
+ince the 0uestion is rhetorical, the answer is obvious *
9o one 'nows such a thing to be true, not even God, for such is
not the case. The same breath which animates both man and
beast returns from where it came * to God who gave it.
%ll God has to do to resurrect a man is to create a body
which is li'e the one which made up the original soul, and impart
to it the breath of life, the spirit, and the same man (soul) lives
again. In the resurrection of the 5ust, their bodies will not
contain any of the imperfections which they bore during their
life on the sin!cursed earth. %s a si&ty watt clear light bulb
produces a certain type of light, and a 1## watt frosted bulb
produces another, so our individuality will be evident through
our differing bodies. %s the same electricity creates numerous
types of lights from the differing types of bulbs it supplies, so it is
with the +pirit of God.
?eath, then, is li'e a deep unconscious sleep as the
apostle Eaul has stated:
".ut I would not have you to be ignorant,
brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye
sorrow not, even as others which have no hope. ;or if we
believe that <esus died and rose again, even so them also
which sleep in <esus will God bring with him. ;or this I say
by the word of the :ord, that we which are alive and
remain unto the coming of the :ord shall not prevent Ggo
beforeH them which are asleep. ;or the :ord himself shall
descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the
archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in
Dhrist shall rise $rst." 1 Thessalonians 4:1"!1= Gbrac'ets
addedH
Therein Eaul contrasts those who "are alive" with those
who are "asleep" * some of whom are those who are "dead in
Dhrist." -vidently, some who are dead are not "in Dhrist." %s
7
one who is in a deep sleep is unaware of what is happening
around him and even to him, so it is in death, as it is written:
"...in that very day his thoughts perish." Esalm 14=:
!4
"This is an evil among all things that are done
under the sun, that there is one event unto all: yea, also the
heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is in
their heart while they live, and after that they go to the
dead. ;or to him that is 5oined to all the living there is
hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion. ;or the
living 'now that they shall die: but the dead 'now not any
thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the
memory of them is forgotten. %lso their love, and their
hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they
any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done
under the sun....8hatsoever thy hand $ndeth to do, do it
with thy might; for there is no wor', nor device, nor
'nowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest."
-cclesiastes A:"!=, 1#
".ut man dieth, and wasteth away: yea, man giveth
up the ghost, and where is he/ %s the waters fail from the
sea, and the 7ood decayeth and drieth up: +o man lieth
down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they
shall not awa'e, nor be raised out of their sleep. > that
thou wouldest hide me in the grave, that thou wouldest
'eep me secret, until thy wrath be past, that thou wouldest
appoint me a set time, and remember meI If a man die,
shall he live again/ all the days of my appointed time will I
wait, till my change come. Thou shalt call, and I will
answer thee: thou wilt have a desire to the wor' of thine
hands... ,is sons come to honour, and he 'noweth it not;
and they are brought low, but he perceiveth it not of
them." <ob 14:1#!1J, 1