1

Solutions of Homework 7

1. (A) Pressure at x=0, x=l resulting in uniform stress
xx
:
xx
eff
xx xx
p
E
o
c c

= =
Also: ( )
1
1
xx xx xx
E
c v o vo = + (


Then:
eff
E E =



(B) The constraint in y direction at y=0 and y=h results in
yy
=0 (more specifically u
2
=0) and
11
= -p.
Then: ( ) ( )
1
0 1
yy yy xx yy
E
c v o v o o
(
= = + +

=>
yy xx
o vo =
Also: ( ) ( )
2
1 1
1
xx xx xx yy xx
E E
v
c v o v o o o

(
= + + =


Finally,
2
1
xx
eff
xx
E
E
o
c v
= =

(plane strain modulus)

(C) Faces y=0, y=h, z=0 and z=t are constrained so that v=0 and w=0 respectively on the four faces.
In this case, 0
yy zz
o o = = because v=w=0;


Also: 0
yy zz
c c = =
( ) ( )
1
0 1
yy yy xx yy zz
E
c v o v o o o
(
= = + + +

= ( )
1
yy xx zz
E
o v o o ( +


=> ( )
yy xx zz
o v o o = + (1)
Similarly,
( )
zz xx yy
o v o o = + (2)
From (1) and (2), we can write
2
1
yy zz xx
v
o o o
v
+ =

Then:
( )
1
xx xx yy zz
E
c o v o o
(
= +

=>
2
2
1
1
xx
eff
xx
E
E
o
v c
v
= =

y
x
z
o
l
h
t
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2

2. We first check whether equilibrium is satisfied. When strains are calculated from stresses, we will
also check for compatibility. It is easily shown that the following equations are satisfied:

, ,
, ,
0
0
xx x xy y
xy y yy y
o t
t o
+ =
+ =



The strains in this problem are found by:

1
xx xx yy
E
c o vo ( =

(1)
1
yy yy xx
E
c o vo ( =

(2)
1
xx xy
E
c t ( =

(3)

Substituting stress expressions in (1)-(3) gives:

2 2 2 3
3 3 1 3
4 4 2
2 5 2 2
xx
P l x y y y y y
E h h h h h h h
c v
( ( (
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
= + +
( ( ( `
| | | | | | |
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ . . . . . . .
( ( (
)
(4)
3 2 2 2
1 3 3 3
2 4 4
2 2 2 5
yy
P y y l x y y y
E h h h h h h h
c v
( ( (
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
= + +
( ( ( `
| | | | | | |
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ . . . . . . .
( ( (
)
(5)
2
1 3
4
2 5
xy
y x
h h
c

(
| | | |
=
( `
| |
\ \ . .
(
)
(6)



We can verify that compatibility is satisfied for (4) (6).


For small strains:
( )
,
,
, ,
1
2
xx x x
yy y y
xy x y y x
u
u
u u
c
c
c
=
=
= +


Then we integrate (4) and (5) :
( , ) ( )
x xx
u x y dx f y c = +
}
(7)
( , ) ( )
y yy
u x y dy g x c = +
}
(8)
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3

In order to determine f(y) and g(x), we take into account that for x=0 => u
x
=0 due to symmetry.


Thus, we can compute f(y) directly from (7). Also we calculate g(x) by substituting to
( )
, ,
1
2
xy x y y x
u u c = +
From (7): { } ..... ( ) ( ) 0
x
P
u x f y f y
E
= + =




Then substituting u
y
from (8) in
( )
2
, ,
1 1 3
1 4
2 2 2
xy x y y x
y x
u u
h h
c

( | |
| |
= + = ( |
|
|
\ .
(
\ .


2 2 2
2 2
3 2
3 1 3 1 3 1
4 4 3 6 8 , ( )
2 2 5 2 2
x
P l x y y P y x
x g x
E h h h h h h E h h h
v
v
( ( ( | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
+ + + +
( ( ` ` | | | | | | | (
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ . ( ( \ . ) )

where g,
x
(x) is a function of x only.



The equality holds for all y and also for y=0:

2
2 3 2 2
2
2
3 3 1 1 3 3
( )
4 4 3 10 4
x P l x x x
g x x C
h E h h h h h
v

( | |
| | | |
| |
= + + + ( |
| | |
|
\ .
\ \ . . (
\ .


The constant C represents rigid body translation and thus can be omitted.






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4

3. Determine:
(a) The in-plane principal stresses and their directions if E=200 GPa and =0.3
(b) The absolutely maximum shear stress.

We have:
1 3 3
2
4 4 4
1 3 3
2
4 4 4
a xx
b xx yy xy
c xx yy xy
c c
c c c c
c c c c
=
= + +
= +


Solving for
xx
,
yy
,
xy
, we get
xx
= 190,
yy
= -130 ,
xy
= 577

Then:
1
2 2
2
1,2 1 2
190 130 190 130 577
360 , 300
2 2 2
c c c c c
(
+ + | | | |
= + = =
(
| |
\ \ . .
(


and,
(max) 1 2
( ) / 2 330
xy
c c c c = =


The orientations of principal axes are:
1
577
2 tan 30.5
320
p p
u u

= =

(and
p
=120.5)
The principal stresses are also in the same coordinate frame as the principal strains.

Using Hookes law, we have:
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
9 9
1 11 11 22 11 22
9
6
2 22 11
200 10 200 10
1 2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 62.3
1 0.3 1 2 0.3 1.3 0.4
200 10
0.4 0.3 0.3 10 39.2
0.52
MPa
MPa
o c c c c c
o c c


= + + = + + = ( (

+

= + + = (


Then:
1 2
max
50.75
2
MPa
o o
t

= =



All componens of stress in x
3
direction is 0 MPa.

These are the 60 rosette equations
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5

The maximum shear stress is obtained by calculating the radius of the largest Mohrs circles formed by
the principal stresses
1
=62.3 MPa,
2
=-39.2 MPa and
3
=0. Hence the maximum shear stress is 50.75
MPa.








4. One can treat this problem as a plane stress problem. The stiffness matrix is known for the x
1
-x
2

coordinates. Also, because this is a quasi-isotropic material, [C
ij
] is the same at every 60 rotation. If
the stress and the strain are known at the x
1
-x
2
coordinate, then they are connected through [C
ij
]. The
same is true for a rotation that is a multiple of 60.


Assume a strain
11
applied on the x
1
-x
2
coordinate such that
22
= 0,
12
= 0.


(1)
11 11 12 11 11 12 11 11 11
22 12 22 22 12 22 12 11
12 44 12 44
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
C C C C C
C C C C C
C C
o c c c
o c c
o c
( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( (
= = =
( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( (


If we apply the same strain at 60 in the x
1
-x
2
coordinate system we should have the same stress as in the
x
1
-x
2
coordinate system.
11 '
11 11 '
12 11
0
0 0
0
0
ij
ij
C
C
c
c
c
o
c
(
( =
(

(
( =
(


' ' T T
ij ij ij ij
Q Q Q Q c c c c ( ( ( ( = =


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6

Also:
'
11
1 3
2 2
3 1
2 2
1 3
4 4
3 3
4 4
T
ij ij
Q
Q Q c c c
(
(
(
=
(

(

(
(
(
( ( = =

(
(



Similarly:
' '
11 12 11 12
'
11
11 12 11 12
1 3
2 2
3 1
2 2
1 3 3
( )
4 4 4
3 3 1
( )
4 4 4
T T
ij ij ij ij
T
ij ij
Q Q Q Q
Q
C C C C
Q Q
C C C C
o o o o
o o o
( ( ( ( = =

(
(
(
=
(

(

(
+
(
( ( ( = =

(
+
(



In the x
1
-x
2
frame, [
ij
] and [
ij
] should satisfy (1):


11 12
11 11 12 11 11 12
22 12 22 22 11 11 12 12 22 11
12 44 12 44
11 12
1 3 1
4 4 4
0 0
3 1 3
0 0
4 4 4
0 0 0 0
3 3
( )
4 4
C C
C C C C
C C C C C C
C C
C C
o c
o c c c
o c
( (
+
( (
( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( (
= + =
( ( ( ( ( (
( ( ( ( ( (

( (

( (



By comparing LHS to RHS in the last equation, we have:
12 22
44 11 12
C C
C C C
=
=

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