a narrative, or-in the spirit of the f/neur-just by browsing.

Theintroductoryarticles
provide, inveryabbreviatedform,somebackgroundforthedocumentsandarewritten
sothatthelattermaybereadindependently. Selectivebibliographic referencesinthe
articles and at theback of thebook offer some points of departure for further study.
Joan Ockman
August 1992
Notes
1 LeCorbusier. Looking at CIty Ptannmg, trans. Eleanor l.evieux (NewYork Orion Press, 1971), p. 1
2. Architectural Forum, September 1943, p. 4.
3 LeCorbusier. TheAthens Charter, trans. Anthony Eardley(NewYork Grossman Publishers, 1973),
p. XIXSeealso Slgfried Greoron, "ClAM at Sea: The Background of the Fourth(Athens) Congress," trans
p, Morton Shand, Architects' Yearbook3 (1949), pp 36 39
4 The Four Routes, trans Dorothy Todd (London Dennis Dobson t.uruted. 1947), p. 15 (translation
modified). Original French edition 1941
5. PhilipJ ohnson, "WhereAreWeAI?"InArchitectural Review.September 1960,p175SeealsoJ ohnson's
earlier "WarMemorials. WhatAesthetrc PriceGlory? Art News44 (September 1945),pp 8 10,24 25. Loos
hadwritten, "Onlyavery small pari of architecture belongs toart the tomb and the monument. Everything
else, everything which serves apurpose, should beexcluded fromtherealms of art" ("Architecture," 1910)
6 Wllght's decentralist vision of society was first conceived Inthe early t930s and further elaborated
during thepostwar period InWhenDemocmcy BUIlds(1945) and TheLlvmg Cttv (1958) Forthedocument
mentioned, seeJ ohn Sergeant. Frank Lloyd Wnght's UsoruenHouses. TheCase for Orqetvc Arcrutectore
(NewYork Whitney Library of Design, 1976), p 20t
7 SeeDeslgnmg aNew Industry A Composite of aSenes of Talksby R Buckmmster Fuller, 1945 19.J6
(Wichita Fuller Research Institute, 1946), p 9
8 VutonoGreqotu."ltahanDesign 1945 1971,"InErruoArnbasz.ed , Italy: TheNewomestic Landscape
(NewYork. Museumof Modern Art, 1972), p 322 (translation modified)
9 A phrase first COinedby Lawrence Alloway In 1959. SeeAlloway's essay "The Independent Group
Postwar Britain and the Aesthetics of Plenty," In the catalogue of the same title, ed. David Robbins
(Cambridge: MIT Pr ss. t990), pp 49 53
10 "Functronahsrn mCriSIS."ulm 19/20(August 1967), p 24
11 SeeThomasHtn s. RichardNeutrs and theSearchforModernArchlteclure(New York OxfordUniversity
Press, 1982), pp 229 30
12 MatthewNOWiCki, "Origins and Trends InModern Architecture" (1951) Intrusvolume, pp.150 56
13 SeeSergeGuitbaut. "TheNewAdventures of theAvant-Garde InAmerica Greenberg, Pollock, or from
Trotskyism10the NewLiberalismof the 'VItal Center .., trans Thomas Repensek, InFrancIs Frascina. ed.,
Pollock and Atter TheCmicet Debate (NewYork. Harper and Row, 1986).
14. RobeltVenturi'scharactenzauon Seehispreface tothesecondeditionof Comptexnyand Contradiction
in Architecture (NewYork Museumof Modern Art. 1977), p 14
15. For a Critical assessment of the Gropius pedagogy at Harvard, see Klaus Herdeg, The Decoraled
Diagram Harvard Arcnuecture and ttie Failure of the Bauhaus Legacy (Cambridge. MIT Press, 1983). A
history of postwar American archuecture education remains to be written
16 Published InOscar Newman, New Frooters In Architecture ClAM '59tn Otterto(NewYork: Universe
Books, 1961), p 16
17. Letter to ClAM lO, Dubrovruk. InNewman, New Frontiers mArctntecture. p 16.
18 AsexemplifiedbyUlrichConrads sanlhology Programsand Manifestoeson20th-CenturyArctutecture.
trans Michael Bullock (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970) Conracss book goes up to 1963.
19 Introduction to Trevor Dannatt. Modem Arcmtectore m Bntam(London Batsford, 1959), p 28
20. See Ernesto Rogers, "L'Ortodossra dell'eterooossra." Casabella 216 (J une J uly 1957), pp 2-4
"Connnurto CrlSI"ISthe title of an editorial by Rogers InCasabella 215 (April May 1957), pp. 3 4.
21 On the relations belween theory and practice In postwar Italy and France and the arcrutects
mtellectual role, see J ean-LOUISCohen's valuable La Coupure entre erctutectes et mteuectuets. au les
enseignements de tuetoptnue (paris: Ecole d'Archnecture Pans-Villermn. 1984)
22 Understandmg Media TheExtensions of Man (New York McGraw-HIli, 1964), p. 20
23 Alchlteclural Design, February 1970, p 2
24 As clled by J ean Baudrillard III Utople Revue de soclologle de I urbam, May 1969, p 14
25 Tile calalogue of the exhibition ISArthur Drexler, ed , TheArchitecture of the Ecole des Beau~-Arts
(NewYork Museumof Modern Art. 1 77) Theevents of 1968figure onone page of thiS500-page volume
24