Chap. II. ROMAN.

87
tlie entrance, and was surmounted by a pediment roof. The temple now stands in a
l)rivate garden.
215. We have reserved for the last example of a circular temple the celebrated Pantheon,
supposed to have formed at one time a portion of the baths of Agrippa, and erected about
B c. 27. The borly of the temple was probably erected in the time of the republic with
simple lar;ie niclits, as in
fys. 118. and 119.; the left side shows it as originally built,
and the right side as now standing
; the portico was probably erected by M. Aurelius
Antoninus, cir. a.d. 166, and com-
pleted by Septimius Severus, a.d.
202, at whicli time the columns
M ere added lo the niches, and other
alterations made, as seen on the right
half of the plan and section. 'I'he
interior is circular and about 139 ft.
diameter, measuring from inside
to inside of the (olunms, which
are about 33 ft. high. At a height
of 75 ft. froin the ground in the
interior springs the hemispherical
dcme, which ha^five horizontal ranks
of caissons or panels, the top of the
dome being terminated by what is
technically termed an eye, or circular
opening, about 27 ft. diameter. All
that is found in the temple is of the
Corinthian order.
216. Fig. 120. is an elevation of
the Pantheon, witli the portico of the
Parthenon below it, for the purpose
of comparing tiie relative sizes of the
porticoes of the two buildiiigs. 'I'he
jjortico, it will be seen, is octastyle,
and projects 62 ft. from the circum-
ference of the circular part of the
cdiKce. The shafts of tlie columns
are jjlain, and the portico is sur-
mounted by a pediment similar
to that on the wall of the building.
Tlie colunms are 47 "O;? ft. high, and
their lower diameter 4*79 ft. The
entablature is 1022 ft, or nearly, not quite a fifth of tlie height of the column. The
])rofile of the order is bold and well
conceived, and the execution in a
good style. It has been strij)ped of
its ornaments, many whereof were
^^
bronze, by the cupidity of the pos-
^^^^
sessors of power at various times.
|S|
^-p. Though the jiresent interior is com-
paratively modern, we think it right
to give the following particulars of
the order : The columns are 34 -67
ft. high, the lower diameter being
3-64 ft. The shafts are fluted, and
have what are called cnhUngs up one
third of their height. It will be seen
on inspection of the plan that these
columns are placed in front of the
great niches. We are not aware that
tlie circumstance whereto we are
about to advert has been heretofore
noticed, and we give the result of our
calculation in round numbers only, as an approximation to the truth. The rules for
lighting apartments will form the subject of a future section. VV^e shall here merely ob.serve,
that the contents of the building, measuring round the inner convexity of the columns, and
not calculating the niche.s, is about 1,787,300 cubic feet, and that the area of the eye of the
dome is about 32 scpiare ft., from which it follows that 2226 cubic ft. of space in this
building are lighted by 1 foot superficial of light. The building is neither gloomy nor
ti), 11