HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE. Book I.

dens, and had doors in the middle. It was

made long, and broad enough to hold two
triclinia opposite to each other. The Greek
occus was not, however, iniich used in Italy.
The ptJiiicot/teca (j)icture room), wliere pos-
sihle, faced the north : both this and the hib-
Uothtca (library), whose aspect was east, do
not re(]uire explanation. The exedrcn of the
Roman houses were large apartments for
the general purposes of society. The upper
stories of the house, the chief being on
the groimd floor, were occupied by slaves,
freedmen, and the lower branches of the
family. Sometimes there was a solarium
(terrace), which was, in fine weather, much
resorted to.
25:3. Fig. 136. is a plan of the house of
I'ansa at Pompeii, by reference to which the
reader will gain a tolerable notion of tlie
situation of the different apartments whereof
we have been speaking. A is the prothyrum,
which was paved with mosaic. R B B B, Tuscan atrium, in whose centre is the com-
pluviuni or basin (b) for the reception of the water from the roof. One of the i)ro])ortions
assigned to the atrium by Vitruvius is, that the
length shall be once and a half tlie breadti)
;
and here it is precisely such, c, a pedestal or
altar of the household god. C C, ;ila\ 'J'liev
were on three sides surrounded by seats, and, from
Sir W. Cell's account, are analogous to similar re-
cesses in the galleries of Turkish houses, with their
divans : the thresholds were mosaic. Vitruvius
directs them to be two sevenths of the length of the
atrium; which is precisely tiieir size here. D, ta-
hlinum. It was separated from the atrium by an
aulaum, or curtain, like a drop scene. Next the
innor court was sometimes, perhaps generally, a
M'indow, occupying the whole side. The tablinum
was used as a dining-room in summer. E E E E,
peristyle, which, in this example, exactly corre-
sponds with the proportions directed l)y Vitruvius.
I'"
1""
V V were domestic apartments, as penaria,
or euhicula, or cella; domesticae. G, probably
tlie i)inacotlieca, or apartment for pictures. II,
fauces, or ])assage of communication between tlie
(uiter and inner divisions of the house. I, cuhi-
cuhiin. Its use cainiot lie doubted, as it contains a
bedstead, filling up the wiiole width of the further
end of it. K, triclinium, raised two steps from the
l)eristyle, and separated from the garden by a large
window. In this room comjjany was received,
and chairs ))laced for their accommodation.
L L I,,
exedrce. iM M JNI, cella familiariit, or family cham-
bers : the further one had a window looking into
a court at d. N, lararium or armarium, a recep-
tacle for the more revered and favourite gods
O, kitchen with stoves therein, and
oiiening into a
court at e, and an inner room P, in which were
dwarf walls to dejiosit oil jars.
Q.,
fauces con-
ducting to the garden. Along the back front,
^1
w
I
w
I
w
hi 'MX
R R R R, is a portica or pergula, for training
S'l'j. *
A A
X ^ * 1 vines and creei)ers on the back front of the
house, before the windows of the triclinium.
S S :
these two rooms, opening into the pergula, were,
it is presumed, cubicula. TT,&c. : the apartments
thus marked seem to have constituted a distinct
portion of the house, and communicated with the
street by a separate door. That they were in-
PL^ ur iiuLs