i

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to thank to my supervisor of this work, Er. Vijay for
the valuable guidance and advice. He inspired me greatly to learn and to work. His
willingness to motivate us contributed tremendously to my work. I would also like to
thank Er. Nidhika Birla (HOD) for showing me some example that relates to
Networking. Besides, I would like to thank the authority of CDAC, Mohali for
providing me with a good environment and facilities to learn Networking. Finally, an
honourable mention goes to my family and friends for their understandings and
support. Without helps of the particular that mentioned above, I would face many
difficulties while doing this.



VIVEK VERMA
1812268











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LIST OF FIGURE
Page no.
Fig 2.1 Basic network 8
Fig 2.2 Networking basics 10
Fig 2.3 The basic LAN network 13
Fig 2.4 The basic MAN network 14
Fig 2.5 The basic WAN network 15
Fig 2.6 Hub 19
Fig 2.7 Router 20
Fig 2.8 Switches 21





















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LIST OF TABLES
PAGE NO.
Table 2.1 OSI reference model 24
Table 2.2 Ist octet value 30
Table 2.3 Sub netting 31
Table 2.4 Super netting 34
Table 3.1 Data rate 40


























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CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Company profile 1
2 PROJECT WORK 3
2.1 Networking 3
2.1.1 LAN 3
2.1.2 MAN 3
2.1.3 WAN 4
2.2 Objective of networking 5
2.2.1 Data Sharing 5
2.2.2 Resource Sharing 6
2.3 Network 7
2.3.1 Key Concept 8
2.4 Networking basics 9
2.4.1 Network 9
2.4.2 Node 9
2.4.3 Segment 10
2.4.4 Backbone 10
2.4.5 Topology 10
2.5 Factors 11
2.6 Types of networking 11
2.7Advantages of installing a school network 15
2.7.1Speed 15
2.7.2 Cost 15
2.8 Hardware used in networking 16
2.8.1 Hub 16
2.8.1.1 Need of Hub 17
2.8.1.2 Basic Specifications 18
2.8.2 Routers 19
2.8.3 Switches 20
2.9 OSI Model 21
2.9.1 OSI Layers 23
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2.10 Network address translation 25
2.11 Requirements for networking 26
2.12 Introduction to TCP/IP 27
2.13 Addresses 28
2.14 IP Addressing 29
2.14.1 Subnet mask 29
2.14.2 Sub netting 31
2.15 Basic router components and configuration 33
2.16 Network interface card 33
2.17 Super netting 33
2.18 Domain name system 34
2.19 How to prepare a network 34
CHAPTER-3 RESULT 36
CHAPTER- 4 CONCLUSION 37
REFERENCES 38