Systems Design

What is a System? Give examples.

A set of components working together for a common objective
Information Systems (Webbase!"
#$w% S$W% people% &ata% 'roce!(res% Webportals
What is S&)*?
Systems 'lanning% Systems analysis% systems !esign% systems !evelopment% implementation%
maintenance
IS alignment
IS S(ccess
IS (sage
+ser satisfaction
Information waste
IS enable! *ompetitive a!vantage
,rgl change
,rgl learning
-A.
/asy to (se
'erceive! personal (sef(lness
Webbase! Information System
0anner 1 Assess the levels of 2lexibility
Stakehol!ers
What is Systems &esign?
Inp(t !esign
,(tp(t &esign
Interface !esign
&atabase
-echnology 1 3etwork architect(re% *omm(nications -echnology
2lexible Systems &esign for Webbase! IS?
4
/xamples5 0anner% Ama6on.com% &ell.com 1 I!entify the systems !esign elements
Flexible Systems Design for Web based Information Systems (Research)
0,. changes affect .7'
In the 0anner system% what are the changes that co(l! occ(r? #ow !o we respon! to these changes?
Interviews them
+sers 1 St(!ents% 7egistrar (Shannon"% &ean% etc.
&esigners $ 'lanners 1 Gary
A!ministration
/xplore the !imensions 1 /xtent% ,ptions% cost% easy% 7ange% etc. Gain more insight by getting more
examples.
Application architect(re &esign
Interface !esign (+ser$ System"
&atabase
3etwork
'rototype
Systems controls
8
Case Study:
What information systems we are talking abo(t9
Stake hol!ers for this system
Involvement of stakehol!ers in S&)*
Systems &esign activities
&esign !ecisions
What are the alternatives for #$W% ,$S% &atabase% ') !ecisions
,(tp(ts of each &esign phase
'roject .anagement activities in S&)*$ Systems !esign
Set a -ime line for this Systems !esign project
What are the !etaile! !esign tasks
:
;
Case Study:
Skills re<(ire! for Systems &esign an! &evelopment
Peole s!ill ("#$) )istening% (n!erstan!ing others% (n!erstan!ing between two
lines% conflict resol(tion% han!ling the comm(nications gaps% reporting% walk thro(gh%
reviews.
Communication S!ills ("%$) 1 ,ral $ Written comm(nication
Documentation s!ills (&%$): =nowle!ge capt(ring% !iagrams% charts (str(ct(re
charts% Gantt charts% 0(siness knowle!ge (b(siness processes% b(siness management
knowle!ge"
'echnical s!ill ("#$) &atabase !esign% programming% web !esign etc.
What information systems we are talking abo(t9
4. &esign of pro!(ction sche!(ling an! control system (/7'?"
8. Webbase! pro!(ction sche!(ling an! control system
:. 'ro!(ction sche!(ling an! control system
Stake hol!ers for this system
4. +sers% oversight committee% 'ro!(ction .anager% *hief Analyst
8. +sers% employees% oversight committee% *arla
:. +sers% oversight committee% 'roject .anager (*arla"
Involvement of stakehol!ers in S&)*
4. S(ppliers% *(stomers% &istrib(tors
8. 2inancial involvement of stakehol!ers
:. +sers > oversight committee 1 Systems planning > analysis? 'roject
managers 1 all phases 1 involvement thro(gh o(t S&)*.
Systems &esign activities
4. Select &0.S% 'rogramming )ang(ages% ,perating systems% (ser interface%
network !esign% Architect(ral !esign% interface !esign% network !esign%
!atabase !esign
8. #ar!ware > operating systems% web s(pport services% !atabase !esign%
application software !esign% (ser interface !esign
:. &eveloping !atabase% choosing system software to s(pport web services%
!etermining what changes will be nee!e! to company network
&esign !ecisions
@
4. &0.S selection% application software selection% web s(pport services
selection% #ar!ware% ,S% network changes.
8. Selection of #ar!ware% ,S% &0.S% ').
:. .ySA)% Win!ows% )in(x% BavaScript% '#'
What are the alternatives for #$W% ,$S% &atabase% ') !ecisions
4. #$W Servers$ terminals% #ar! rive types (spee!% si6e% processor% 7A. etc."?
,S 1Win!ows% +3IC% )in(x? &0.SD /xiting$ new one? ') *,.E%
*,70A% S,A'
8. #$W 1 generic% I0.% &ell% #'% S(n% Apple? ,$S Win!ows% )in(x% ,SC% S(n?
&atabase /xten! existing or new !atabase ,racle$Access$.ySA)? '$) 1
*,.E% *,70A% S,A' *EE% BavaScript% '#'% SA)% #-.)% C.).
:. .ySA)% Win!ows% )in(x% BavaScript% '#'
,(tp(ts of each &esign phase
4. &atabase schema% Str(ct(re chart% screen layo(t% !eployment !iagram%
application !esign% &0 schema% /7&% 3etwork !iagram
8. Assessment reports% recommen!ations for each !esign activity.
:. #ar!ware specification !oc(ments% /7&% screen layo(ts
'roject .anagement activities in S&)*$ Systems !esign
4. 7eso(rce allocation% organi6ing meetings% key players meeting% time lines%
personal assignments? plans% timelines% !etaile! !esign tasks% personnel
assignment% facilitate meetings% review res(lts% performance reviews%
8. 'repare presentations? get approval from oversight committee% allocating
reso(rces.
:. Setting !ea!lines% feasibility st(!ies% overseeing
Set a -ime line for this Systems !esign project
(y comments
Fairchild Pharmaceuticals: Finali)ing *rchitectural Design for a Production
System: -his case !escribes the transition from analysis (!etaile! knowle!ge of what
the (ser wants an! nee!s" to !esign (precise bl(eprint of a system that will satisfy
those wants an! nee!s". &esign !ecisions are constraine! by available time% b(!get%
existing systems% skills% an! infrastr(ct(re.
Focus of the case5 Architect(ral !esign of infrastr(ct(re% !evelopment tools% &etaile!
!esign.
(a+or decisions to be made:
#ar!ware an! operating systems% !ata storage an! !ata access% an! !evelopment
lang(ages an! tools.
,ptions to be ma!e for5 Web s(pport services% !atabase !esign% application software
!esign% an! (ser interface !esign.
F
What information systems we are talking abo(t9
Webbase! pro!(ction sche!(ling an! control system
Stake hol!ers for this system
+sers% oversight committee% 'ro!(ction .anager% *hief Analyst% 'ro!(ction >
operational employees% 'roject .anager% top management% cons(ltants% graphic
!esigners% !atabase !esigners% (ser interface !esigners% system interface !esigners%
application !evelopers% network specialists etc.
Involvement of stakehol!ers in S&)*
S&)* phases +sers
('ro!(ction
employees"
S(ppliers%
*(stomers%
&istrib(tors
-op
management
-echnical
people
'lanning
Analysis
&esign
Implementation
#igh
#igh
.e!i(m
)ow
.e!i(m
.e!i(m$#igh
.e!i(m
)ow
#igh
.e!i(m$)ow
)ow
)ow$.e!i(m
)ow$3il
.e!i(m$#igh
#igh
#igh
Systems &esign activities
&esign an! integrate the network
3ew 3etwork$ /xisting 3etwork

&esign the application architect(re
Specify in !etails how all system activities will act(ally be carrie! o(t
&one in systems analysis in great !etail as logical mo!els% witho(t in!icating
what specific technology
.o!els create! incl(!e physical !ata flow !iagrams% str(ct(re charts%
interaction !iagrams% an! other physical mo!els
&esign the (ser interface
&efines how the (ser will interact with the system
Graphical (ser interface with win!ows% !ialog boxes% an! mo(se interaction.
Increasingly% it can incl(!e so(n!% vi!eo% an! voice comman!s.
&esign the system interface (0,.$ .7'"
,ne system provi!es information that is later (se! by another system
-he component that enables systems to share information
&esign an! integrate the !atabase
*oncept(al% logical% an! physical mo!el
G
7elational !atabase consisting of !o6ens% h(n!re!s% tho(san!s of tables.
'rototype !esign
*reate an! eval(ate prototypes
,ften associate! with interface !esign
+se! to confirm !esign choices abo(t the !atabase% network architect(re%
controls% or even programming environments
&esign an! integrate the system controls
A!e<(ate safeg(ar!s to protect !ata$information$ #$w% S$w assets
)imit access to the system to a(thori6e! (sers
System interface controls ens(re that other systems ca(se no harm
Application controls for recor!ing transactions
&atabase controls !ata protection from (na(thori6e! access% acci!ental
loss
3etwork controls ens(re that comm(nication thro(gh networks is
protecte!.
'he oututs of Systems Design Process
Application architect(re ('rocess &esign"
2(nctionalities$ 0(siness 'rocesses
&2&% 2&&% /vent table% (se case etc.
Str(ct(re! 'rogramming
Se<(ential% *on!itional% Iterative 1 : > ;G).
3etwork &esign
3etwork !esign !oc(ment
)ocations of offices% Servers% )A3$WA3
3etwork capacity (2ig H4;"
3o!es an! location !iagrams (2ig HI"
&atabase &esign
*oncept(al &esign
)ogical &esign
'hysical &esign
+ser Interface &esign
Inp(t forms !esign
,(tp(t forms !esign
System Interface &esign forms (0,.$ .7'"
&esign 'rototype
;G) (Access an! 2rontpage"
&esign an! Integrate Systems *ontrol
+ser interface Allow a(thori6e! (sers
I
System Interface 3o harms by other systems ((0,.$ .7'"
Application architect(re 1 -ransaction r(les
&atabase architect(re 'rotect (na(thori6e! access% back(p% recovery
3etwork !esign 2irewalls
'roject .anagement activities in S&)*$ Systems !esign
=nowle!ge
Areas
'lanning Analysis &esign Implementation
Scope
management
-ime
management
(in time"
*ost
management
A(ality
management
#(man
7eso(rces
.anagement
*omm(nication
management
7isk
management
,bjectives
0(siness nee!s
.ajor f(nctions
0(il! W0S
0(il! Sche!(le
.ilestones
(Gates"
*ost $ benefits
analysis
0(!get (cash
flow"
A(ality metrics
System s(ccess
metrics
'roject
manager
Staffing plan
7ecr(it an!
staff
I!entify
stakehol!ers
*omm(nication
plan$
mechanisms
2easibility
reports.
Alternative
&etaile!
re<(irements
Jerify re<ts.
Soli!ify scope
'lan
implementation
approach
A!j(st$
optimi6e
sche!(le
.onitor
progress
.onitor
ongoing costs
+p!ate
cost$benefit
*ontrol A(ality
with proce!(res
an! reviews
,rgani6e teams
-eam b(il!ing
Stat(s reviews
Stat(s reporting
.onitor internal
comm(nications
7eassess risks
an! monitor
*ontrol scope
.onitor re<(est
log
/val(ate change
re<(est
A!j(st$
optimi6e
sche!(le
.onitor
progress
.onitor
ongoing costs
7eview
b(!get$cash
flow
*ontrol A(ality
with proce!(res
an! reviews
-eam training
I!entify$a!!
reso(rces
'erformance
reviews
Stat(s reviews
Stat(s reporting
.onitor internal
comm(nications
7eassess risks
an! monitor
*ontrol scope
.onitor re<(est
log
/val(ate change
re<(est
A!j(st$
optimi6e
sche!(le
.onitor
progress
.onitor
ongoing costs
7eview
b(!get$cash
flow
*ontrol an!
monitor testing
/rror log
'rovi!e training
*on!(ct
performance
reviews.
Stat(s reviews
Stat(s reporting
.onitor internal
comm(nications
7eassess risks
an! monitor
H
'roc(rement
management
plans
0(y options
'7s% bi!s%
ven!or
selection%
contracts
7eassess risks
an! monitor
7eassess risks
an! monitor
,utstanding issue control table
Iss(e -itle &ate
i!entifie!$
target !ate
'erson
responsible
+ser
contact
*omments Stat(s
(&one%
WI'% 3ot
feasible"
'artial
shipments
7et(rn an!
commissions
/xtra
commissions
Bim
Bim
.ary
Bason
0ill
0ill
Ship partials or
wait for f(ll
shipment?
Are commissions
reco(pe! on
ret(rns?
#ow to han!le
commissions on
special
promotions?
&
32
WI'
Pro+ect Schedule (-antt Chart)
Activities$ Gates $.ilestones Ban 2eb .ar Apr .ay B(n B(l A(g Sep ,ct 3ov
&ec
'lanning
Analysis
&esign
*o!ing
-est case !evelopment
4K
&ata *onversion
Se<(ential an! 'arallel activities (&atabase !esign > 3etwork !esign% stat(s
meetings% teleconferencing etc."
'eam coordination
3etwork !esign team
&atabase !esign team
Application architect(re !esign team
+ser interface !esign team
System interface !esign team
Systems controls !esign team
'rototype !esign team
-eam interaction among an! between the teams (examples?"
*ollaborative !iagrams for gro(p interactions
Common acti.ities for all teams: Stat(s reviews% walk thro(ghs% network
config(ration% !istrib(te! processing% !atabase !esign% comm(nication capabilities
etc.
/ncommon acti.ities ('eam secific) 1 7esponse time for a mo!(le% I$, for a
mo!(le% System interface iss(es etc.
'roject team si6e grows as the system !evelopment progresses thr(L S&)*.
C*S0 data reository (Fig 123)
=nowle!ge !oc(ments
Wor!% /xcel% Jisio !gms
&ynamically (p!ate!
7etrieval an! referencing
-rack open items
Stat(s walk thro(ghs
,pen item control log
44
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