Observations:

400gm of Cement(OPC)
Consistency 29%
Initial Setting Time 115min
Final Setting Time 170min

10% Sugar; 40gm Sugar+ 360gm Cement(OPC)
Type of Mixing 2 min dry mixing of sugar and
cement followed by 3 min wet
mixing
Sugar ,cement and water mixed
simultaneously for 3 min
Initial Setting Time(min) <10 16.15
Final Setting time(min) <14 20.25

20% Sugar; 80gm Sugar+ 320gm Cement(OPC)
Type of Mixing 2 min dry mixing of sugar and
cement followed by 3 min wet
mixing
Sugar ,cement and water mixed
simultaneously for 3 min
Initial Setting Time(min) 51.3 31.3
Final Setting time(min) 102.3 39.57

5% Sugar; 20gm Sugar+ 380gm Cement(OPC)
Type of Mixing 2 min dry mixing of sugar and
cement followed by 3 min wet
mixing
Sugar ,cement and water mixed
simultaneously for 3 min
Initial Setting Time(min) <12(approx.btw 11 and 12) 11.45
Final Setting time(min) 16 15.3

15% Sugar; 60gm Sugar+ 340gm Cement(OPC)
Type of Mixing 2 min dry mixing of sugar and
cement followed by 3 min wet
mixing
Sugar ,cement and water mixed
simultaneously for 3 min
Initial Setting Time(min) 14.40 16.51
Final Setting time(min) 19.23 21.42

3% Salt + 7% Sugar; 12gm Salt + 28gm Sugar + 360gm Cement(OPC)
(dry mixing followed by wet mixing)
Initial Setting Time(min) 14
Final Setting time(min) 20

*T1: Type 1 mixing: 2 min dry mixing of Sugar and Cement followed by 3 min mixing with water
*T2: Type 2 mixing: Sugar, Cement and water mixed simultaneously for 3 min



y = 0.384x
2
- 7.124x + 38.85
y = 0.8507x
2
- 15.985x + 78.188
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25
Effect of Sugar on Setting time of Cement
(T1 mixing*)
Intial setting time
Final setting time
Poly. (Intial setting time)
Poly. (Final setting time)
y = 0.1009x
2
- 1.3243x + 16.488
y = 0.132x
2
- 1.8204x + 22.14
y = 0.384x
2
- 7.124x + 38.85
y = 0.8507x
2
- 15.985x + 78.188
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25
Effect of Sugar on Setting time for T1 and T2
Mixing
Initial Setting time (T2)
Final Setting time (T2)
Intial setting time(T1)
Final setting time(T1)
Poly. (Initial Setting time
(T2))
Poly. (Final Setting time (T2))
Poly. (Intial setting time(T1))
Poly. (Final setting time(T1))
10% Jaggery; 40gm Jaggery+ 360gm Cement(OPC)
Initial Setting Time(min) 13-15
Final Setting time(min) 17

20% Jaggery; 80gm Jaggery+ 320gm Cement(OPC)
Initial Setting Time(min) 23
Final Setting time(min) 30

5% Jaggery; 20gm Jaggery+ 380gm Cement(OPC)
Initial Setting Time(min)
Final Setting time(min)

15% Jaggery; 60gm Jaggery+ 340gm Cement(OPC)
Initial Setting Time(min)
Final Setting time(min)

Remarks:
10% Sugar :
Initially, the paste with 10% Sugar is more flowable when compared to OPC
The initial and final setting time occurred within 15 min
High heat of hydration observed when compared to that of normal OPC
Initial and final setting time were not observed sharply
In case of T2 mixing, very little cracks were observed
20% Sugar (T1 mixing*):
Very less amount of heat of hydration
Setting and Hardening occurred almost simultaneously
More number of cracks observed in the hardened specimen
The mix has good binding property (mix has both cohesive and adhesive property)
15 % Sugar:
Good Finishing
More Heat Liberated compared 5% Sugar
* No significant difference in the properties (other than setting time) are observed between T1 and
T2 mixing of sugar
10% Jaggery (T1 mixing*):
Highly Flowable Mix (initially)
High heat of Hydration
The mix is sticky
20% Jaggery (T1 mixing*):
Hard Layer is Formed on the Surface
* The paste is more viscous in case of Jaggery when compared to Sugar
10% Salt (T1 mixing*):
The mix formed is more stiff compared to that of sugar and Jaggery
Liquidity increased upon salt dissolution
Bleed Water is Observed(Water started to come out of the Vicat Mould)
20% Salt (T1 mixing*):
Stiffer mix when compared to 10% Salt
The Hardened Specimen has very high toughness
10% Fenugreek (T1 mixing*):
More amount of water is required to form a paste (about 50ml is added extra i.e. about
225 ml of water is added to form the mix )
No bonding observed (The mix behaved just like sand and water mixture)