ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD

COL MBA / MPA PROGRAMME

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES (5564)
CHECKLIST
SEMESTER: SPRING, 2!!
This packet comprises the following material:
1. Text Books
2. Course Outlines
3. Assignment No. 1 2
!. Assignment "orms # 2 sets $
%n this packet if &ou fin' an&thing missing out of the a(o)e mentione' material
please contact at the a''ress gi)en (elow:
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#Course Coor'inator$
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
(C-11-%=)"$59 MBA / MPA P*-&*"11))
>ARNING
!/ PLAGIARISM OR HIRING O? GHOST >RITER(S) ?OR SOLVING THE
ASSIGNMENT(S) >ILL DEBAR THE STUDENT ?ROM A>ARD O?
DEGREE/CERTI?ICATE, I? ?OUND AT ANY STAGE/
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OTHER(S) AS ONE@S O>N >ILL BE PENALIAED AS DE?INED IN
BAIOU PLAGIARISM POLICYC/
C-<*,): Q<"%5#5"5#+) T)(9%#2<), (5564) S)1),5)*: S4*#%&, 2!!
L)+)$: COL MBA/MPA P*-&*"11) T-5"$ M"*.,: !
P",, M"*.,: 4
Instructions:
#a$ All written assignment must (e well organi*e' presente' in an eas&+to+rea' format
an' neat. ,oreo)er pa& particularl& close attention to grammar spelling punctuation
an' un'erstan'a(ilit&. Communication is extremel& important in this course.
#($ -ocumentation is likewise )er& important. .n+supporte' statements or opinions are
worth+less to the rea'er who 'esires to )erif& &our fin'ing. Complete an' specific
'ocumentation is man'ator&. Also &our references shoul' (e to primar& sources
except in rare unusual situation.
#c$ /uoting shoul' (e kept to an a(solute minimum.
G<#8)$#%), '-* D-#%& A,,#&%1)%5,
0e expect &ou to answer each 1uestion as per instructions in the assignment. 2ou will
fin' it useful to keep the following points in min':
1$ P$"%%#%&: 3ea' the assignments carefull& go through the .nits on which the& are
(ase'. ,ake some points regar'ing each 1uestion an' then rearrange them in a
logical or'er.
2$ O*&"%#D"5#-%: Be a little selecti)e an' anal&tical (efore 'rawing up a rough outline
of &our answer. 4i)e a'e1uate attention to 1uestion5s intro'uction an' conclusion.
,ake sure that:
a$ The answer is logical an' coherent
($ %t has clear connections (etween sentences an' paragraphs
c$ The presentation is correct in &our own expression an' st&le.
3$ P*),)%5"5#-%: Once &ou are satisfie' with &our answer &ou can write 'own the final
)ersion for su(mission. %t is man'ator& to write all assignments neatl& in &our own
han'writing. %f &ou so 'esire &ou ma& un'erlining the points &ou wish to emphasi*e.
,ake sure that the answer is within the stipulate' wor' limit.
2
ASSIGNMENT N-/ !
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/ 1 #a$ 6ow long will it take 3s. 27777 to 'ou(le if it can (e in)este' at 178
compoun'e' continuousl&9
#($ "in' the 'eri)ate of the function
#i$ f(x) = 3x
3
+ 4x : ;
#ii$ f(x) = 20 ( x 5 )
2
!
!
/ 2 #a$ %f &ou were to con'uct a sur)e& regar'ing smoking ha(its among
stu'ents of A%O. what metho' of 'ata collection woul' &ou
a'opt9 4i)e reasons for &our choice.
#($ <xplain the term population an' sample. <xplain wh& it is
sometime necessar& an' often 'esira(le to collect information
a(out the population (& con'ucting a sample sur)e& instea' of
complete enumeration.
!
!
/ 3 The a)erage starting salar& of an ,BA 'egree hol'er from a certain
uni)ersit& is 3s.1; 777=+per month with a stan'ar' 'e)iation of 3s. 1777=+.
Assuming the starting salaries follow a normal 'istri(ution:
#a$ 0hat is the pro(a(ilit& that the starting salar& will (e more than
3s. 1>777=+
#($ Out of 277 -egree hol'ers how man& are expecte' to get salaries less
than 3s. 1!777=+.
!
!
/ ! #a$ <xplain the terms 4eometric ,ean an' 6armonic ,ean. ?oint out
some of the pu(lic s&stem applications of the concept9
#($ 0hat are statistical a)erages9 0hat are the 'esira(le properties for an
a)erage to posses9 ,ention 'ifferent t&pes of a)erages an' state wh&
the arithmetic means are the most commonl& use' among them9
!
!
/ ; 0hat are the (est sources of 'ata collection for the following9
#a$ A (ank loan officer wishes to forecast the econom& of the countr& in
which the (ank operates.
#($ A research pro@ect has the purpose of i'entif&ing the la(or issues of
concern to a union.
#c$ A manager must 'etermine the (est site for a con)enience store in an
ur(an area.
#'$ ,e'ian of the weekl& earnings of full+time salarie' workers for the
range 1AA;+2777.
#e$ Annual sales of the top ten fast+foo' companies.
#f$ Num(er of airplane trips ma'e (& college stu'ents.
2
3
ASSIGNMENT N-/ 2
T-5"$ M"*.,: !
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Instructions:
1. This assignment is a research+oriente' acti)it&. 2ou are re1uire' to 'e)elop a term
paper an' su(mit to the tutor for e)aluation prior to the final examination. The last
'ate of this assignment will (e notifie' separatel& (& our -irectorate of 3egional
Ber)ices an' the same will (e communicate' to &ou 'irectl& as well as through
appro)e' stu'& centers assigne' to &ou.
2. 2ou will ha)e to participate in the acti)it& full& acti)el& an' practicall& to (e a(le to
pass the final examination of the course. ?lease sen' one cop& of this assignment to
COC ,BA=,?A ?rogramme office Block No. 11 Allama %1(al Open .ni)ersit&
Bector 6+D %slama(a'.
3. "or the preparation of this assignment &ou shoul' first thoroughl& re)iew the
conceptual framework of the topic an' 'e)elop a scholarl& material of the same
gi)ing references 1uotations an' extracts of )arious scholars an' experts. Then
)isit an& (usiness=commercial organi*ation an' stu'& the rele)ant practical aspects
there. Com(ining the theoretical an' practical aspects 'e)elop a comprehensi)e
paper consisting of at least 27 to 2; t&pe' pages to (e su(mitte' to &our tutor.
a$ %ntro'uction to the topic
($ %mportant su(+topics
c$ ?ractical stu'& of the organi*ation with respect to the topic
'$ 3e)iew of theoretical an' practical situations merits 'e+merits 'eficiencies or
strengths of the organi*ation with respect to the topic un'er stu'&.
e$ Conclusion an' recommen'ation
f$ Annex if an&
!. ?repare a cop& of this assignment an' su(mit to &our tutor for &our e)aluation.
;. 2ou shoul' a'' an& illustrati)e material='ata=ta(les=anal&sis for effecti)e su(mission.
E. A num(er of topics gi)en (elow are the general aspects of the course an' &ou are
re1uire' to select one of the topics accor'ing to the last 'igit of &our roll num(er.
"or example if the roll num(er is N+A33>2!1 &ou will select topic num(er 1 an' if
the roll num(er is O+3!2>1D; then &ou will select topic num(er ; #the last 'igit$.
7. 0h& ?re+testing the 1uestionnaire important9
1. ,easures of Fariation
2. Correlation an' its usage in empirical research
3. 0hat 'oes Bkewness measures an' what 'o &ou interpret from positi)e an'
negati)e skewness9
!. 6&pothesis testing proce'ures
;. Auto+correlation an' time series anal&sis
E. Bampling ,etho's
>. Bampling -istri(ution
D. /uote examples of calculating pro(a(ilities in complex situations #,in E$
A. 0hat is the practical application of regression an' its interpretation9
!
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES (5564)
COURSE OUTLINES
!/ QUANTITATIVE DECISION MAKING E AN OVERVIE>
1.1 %ntro'uction
1.2 ,eaning of 1uantitati)e techni1ues
1.3 Btatistics an' operations research
1.! Classification of statistical metho's
1.; ,o'els in operations research
1.E Farious statistical tehchni1ues
1.> A')antages of 1uantitati)e approach to management
1.D /uantitati)e techni1ues in (usiness an' management
1.A .se of computers
2/ ?UNCTIONS AND PROGRESSIONS
2.1 %ntro'uction
2.2 -efintions
2.3 T&pes of function
2.! Bolution of functions
2.; Business applications
2.E Be1uence an' series
2.> Arithmetic progression #A?$
2.D 4eometric progression #4?$
F/ BASIC CALSULUS AND APPLICATIONS
3.1 %ntro'uction
3.2 Cimit an' continuit&
3.3 Concept of slope an' rate of change
3.! Concept of 'eri)ati)e
3.; 3ules of 'ifferentiation
3.E Applications of the 'eri)ati)e
3.> Concept of maxima an' minima with managerial applications
4/ MATRIG ALGEBRA
!.1 %ntro'uction
!.2 ,atrices: 'efinition an' notations
!.3 Bome special matrices
!.! ,atrix representation of 'ata
!.; Operations on matrices
!.E -etermininant of a s1uare matrix
!.> %n)erse of a matrix
!.D Bolution of linear simultaneous e1uations
!.A Applications of matrices
5/ COLLECTION O? DATA
;.1 %ntro'uction
;.2 ?rimar& an' secon'ar& 'ata
;
;.3 ,etho's of collecting primar& 'ata
;.! -esigining a 1uestionnaire
;.; ?re+testing the 1uestionnaire
;.E <'iting primar& 'ata
;.> Bources of secon'ar& 'ata
;.D ?recautions in the use of secon'ar& 'ata
;.A Census an' sample
6/ PRESENTATION O? DATA
E.1 %ntro'uction
E.2 Classification of 'ata
E.3 O(@ecti)es of classification
E.! T&pes of classification
E.; Construction of a 'iscrete fre1uenc& 'istri(ution
E.E Construction of a continuous fre1uenc& 'istri(ution
E.> 4uielines for choosing the classes
E.D Cumulati)e an' relati)e fre1uencies
E.A Charting of 'ata
;/ MEASURES O? CENTRAL TENDENCY
>.1 %ntro'uction
>.2 Bignificance of measures of central ten'enc&
>.3 ?roperties of a goo' measure of central ten'enc&
>.! Arithmetic mean
>.; ,athematical properties of arithmetic mean
>.E 0eighte' arithmetic mean
>.> ,e'ian
>.D ,athematical propert& of me'ian
>.A /uantiles
>.17 ,o'e
>.12 Cocating the mo'e graphicall&
>.13 3elationship among mean me'ian an' mo'e
>.1! 4eometric mean
>.1; 6armonic mean
0/ MEASURES O? VARIATION AND SKE>NESS
D.1 %ntro'uction
D.2 Bignificance of measuring )ariaton
D.3 ?roperties of a goo' measure of )arition
D.! A(solute an' relati)e measures of )ariation
D.; 3ange
D.E /uartile 'e)iation
D.> A)erage 'e)iation
D.D Btan'ar' 'e)iation
D.A Coeffecient of )ariation
D.17 Bkewness
D.11 3elati)e skewness
E
:/ BASIC CONCEPT O? PROBABILITY
A.1 %ntro'uction
A.2 Basic concepts: experiment sample space e)ent
A.3 -ifferent approaches to pro(a(ilit& theor&
A.! Calculating pro(a(ilities in complex situations
A.; 3e)ising pro(a(ilit& estimate
!/ DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
17.1 %ntro'uction
17.2 Basic concepts: ran'om )ara(le an' pro(a(ilit& 'istri(ution
17.3 -iscrete pro(a(ilit& 'istri(utions
17.! Bummar& measures an' their applictions
17.; Bome important 'iscrete pro(a(ilit& 'istri(utions
!!/ CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
11.1 %ntro'uction
11.2 Basic concepts
11.3 Bome important continuous pro(a(ilit& 'istri(utions
11.! Applications of continuous 'istri(utions
11.; Bummar&
!2/ DECISION THEORY
12.1 %ntro'uction
12.2 Certain ke& issues in 'ecision theor&
12.3 -ecision tree approach
12.; 3eference theor&
12.E Other approaches
!F/ SAMPLING METHODS
13.1 %ntro'uction
13.2 0h& sampling
13.3 T&pes of sampling
13.! ?ro(a(ilit& sampling metho's
13.; ?ro(a(ilti& sampling metho's
13.E The sample si*e
!4/ SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
1!.1 %ntro'uction
1!.2 Bampling 'istri(ution of the mean
1!.3 Central limit theorem
1!.! Bampling 'istri(ution of the )ariance
1!.; The stu'entGs 'istri(ution
1!.E Bampling 'istri(ution of the proportion
1!.> %nter)al estimation
1!.D The sample si*e
>
!5/ TESTING O? HYPOTHESES
1;.1 %ntro'uction
1;.2 Bome (asic concepts
1;.3 6&pothesis testing proce'ure
1;.! Testing of population mean
1;.; Testing of population proportion
1;.E Testing for 'ifference (teween means
1;.> Testing for 'ifference (etween proportions
!6/ CHI7SQUARE TESTS
1E.1 %ntro'uction
1E.2 Testing of population )ariance
1E.3 Testing of e1ualit& of two population )ariences
1E.! Testing an goo'ness of fit
1E.; Testng in'epen'ence of categorise' 'ata
!;/ BUSINESS ?ORECASTING
1>.1 %ntro'uction
1>.2 "orecasting for long term 'ecision
1>.3 "orecating for me'ium an' short term 'ecisions
1>.! "orecast control
!0/ CORRELATION
1D.1 %ntro'uction
1D.2 The correlation coeffecient
1D.3 Testing for the significance of the correlation coeffecient
1D.! Bank correlation
1D.; ?ractical application of correlation
1D.E Auto+correlation an' time series anal&sis
!:/ REGRESSION
1A.1 %ntro'uction
1A.2 "itting a straight line
1A.3 <xamining the fitte' straight line
1A.! An example of the calculations
1A.; Fariet& of regression mo'els
2/ TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
27.1 %ntro'uction
27.2 -ecomposition metho's
27.3 <xample of forecasting using 'ecomposition
27.! .se of auto+correlations in i'entif&ing time series
27.; An outilne of (ox+@enkins for time series
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