'Jhap. I. riEUS AND VAULTS.

391
engage to build another" (vault like it). The vault of the chapel in question is
(iivuled info oblong severies, whose shorter sides are phiced longitudinally
(^fg.
590a)
It must be evident tliat the curves of the
invL-rted (juadraiits must intersect eacii other
urevious tj tlie whole (juadrant of the circle
being completed. Hence these iiitei sec' ions
i'orm a curved summit line lowest against
tlie windows or smaller sides of the oblong.
I'his siininiit line of tlie vaulting of tlie
building in the direction of its length
forms a series of curves, though from the
angle under which it is seen it is scarcely per-
ceptible. Mr. Ware says,
"
It is ol)servable,
in the construction of this vault, that theprin-
ciple of using freestone for the ribs, and tufa
for the panels, lias not been followed ; but
the whole vault has been yot out of the same
description of stone, and with an uniform face, and the panels worked afterwards, and re-
duced to a tenuity hardly credible except from measurement. The artists of this building
might b'j trusted in the decoration of a v.uilt with what is now called tracery ; they knew
how to render it the chief supnort, and wliat was the superfluous stone to be taken awav :
every part has a jdace, not only proper, iiut necessary
; and in the ribs which adorn the
vault we may in vain look for false positions. This is the ocular nuisic which affords
universal pleasure."
1499(W. We now return to the consideration of two more modes of simple vaulting. In
England, the summit ribs of the vault are almost always found running longitudinally and
transver.sely in the various exam])les. In Germany the summit riiis are more frequently
omitted than introduced. Thus in the example
fiy.
5901, the scheme is merely a square
diagonally placed within tiie severy, subdivided into four parts and connected with the base-
points of the groins by ribs not parallel to the alternate sides of the inserted square. This,
however, sometimes occurs in English buildings, as in tliemoniurent of Archbishop Stratford,
at Canteibury Catl edral
; though in that the central portion is not domical. It is to lie
remarked that the intersecting arches are not of e((iial height, otherwise the arrangement
could not occur.
1499ee. In the example
J7(j.
590p, the arrangement
completely assumes wliat JMr. Willis calls the stellai form.
Here in the soffit a star of six points is the figure on
which the projection depend-, the points radiating from
the angles of an hexagon, and thus forming a cluster of
lozeng, s whose middle longitudinal sides produceanother
h)ngitudinal lozenge to connect the centres of the pattern.
The longitudinal arches are, as in the preceding figure
lower than the transverse arches. INIr. ^^'iilis says,
"
the
principal distinction between tluse and our own fan-
vaulting is the substitution of lozenge-headed compart-
Uients in the fans, for the English horizontal transom
rib. We have also lozenge-headed compartments in our
early vaulting, but they are never so cymmetiically
arranged in stars throughout."
1499/y. From tiie simple lines or principles above
given, it is easy to perueive through what numberless ramifications of form they may be
carried. Another form is that called hexpartite vaulting, where the ribs spring from ilie
angles, and two others from a shaft placed in the middle of each long side, thus making
six divisions. This is a step beyond the quadripartite groining shown in
Jig. 590/. Ex-
amples of hexpartite vaulting are scarce in England, but it may be seen in the chapel of
St. Blai.'^e in Westminster Abbey, the clior of Canterbury Cathedral, and in many parts of
l.incohi !Minstsr.
H99(;(7. It would be difficult to find a system of vaulting more unlike any English
example than that in Anjou generally, of which the Hosi)ital at Angers is a fair specimen.
Tt is always excessively domical in its sections, both longitudinal and transverse; and has
eight ribs, the cells being filled in with stones exactly parallel with the centre or ridge of
each cell : tiie ribs are edge-rull mouldings.
1499///(. 15e-ides ihe books named above. Prof Willis On Vint'.ting, and by T. Eagles,
1874, both read at the Ilo\al Institute c.f British Architects, the Diction nnire by Vi .llct-
le-Duc, the Lectures by Sir G. G. Scott, Il.A., and the paper by W. H. Wood, in Builder
for 188S, xliv
, 55, should be referred to. A very cumi)lete outline of the subject has
been piintcd by Prof. Babcock, of the Cornell Univeroiiy, Ithaca, New York, for his
courses of lectures.
Fig. i'jOp.