sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 1

This print-out should have 32 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
Which of the following are vectors? List all
that apply, separated by commas.
A 3.5
B 0
C 0.7, 0.7, 0.7
D 0, 2.3, 1
E 2 10
6
F 6 14, 0, 22
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: C, D, F.
Explanation:
Options A, B, and E are scalar quanti-
ties, so those choices are incorrect. Options
C and D are clearly vectors, so they are cor-
rect choices. The only option that might be
somewhat tricky is F, which gives a vector be-
ing multiplied by a scalar. But the product of
such scalar multiplication is a new vector, so
this choice is also correct.
002 10.0 points
Consider the two vectors

M = (a, b) = a + b
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
where a = 4, b = 2 and

N = (c, d) = c + d .
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
where c = 3, and d = 2.
Which vector correctly represents the vec-
tor

M +

N?
1.
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2.
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
3.
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 2
4.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
5.
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
6.
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
7. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
correct
8.
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
9.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Explanation:

M +

N = (a + c) + (b + d)
= [4 + (3)] + [2 + (2)]
= (1) + (4) ,
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
003 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
The gure shows the three dimensional vector

d.
What are the components of the

d
1. 6, 3, 2m correct
2. 6, 3, 2m
3. 6, 3, 2m
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 3
4. 6, 3, 2m
5. 6, 3, 2m
Explanation:
Since the tail of the vector is at the origin,
the components of

d can be read o from the
gure being careful to get the sign correct.
The x-component is 6 m; the y-component
is +2 m; and the z-component is +3 m.
004 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
If the tail of vector

d is moved to location
3.3, 3.5, 4.4 m, where would the tip of the
vector be located?
1. 9.3, 0.5, 2.4m
2. 2.7, 6.5, 6.4m correct
3. 3.3, 3.5, 4.4m
4. 6, 3, 2m
5. 6, 3, 2m
Explanation:
Shifting the tail of the vector to
3.3, 3.5, 4.4 m means each component of the
tip of the vector will be changed by the same
amount as each component of the tail was
changed. Thus, the tip will be at 6 +
3.3, 3 + 3.5, 2 + 4.4m = 2.7, 6.5, 6.4m.
005 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
What is the length of the vector e =

d? Give
your answer in units of meters.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 7 m.
Explanation:
We use the Pythagorean theorem:
|e| =

e
2
x
+ e
2
y
+ e
2
z
=

(6 m)
2
+ (3 m)
2
+ (2 m)
2
=

49 m
2
= 7.0 m.
006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider two vectors where F
1
= 99 N, F
2
=
50 N,
1
= 244

, and
2
= 168

, measured
from the positive x axis with the counter-
clockwise angular direction as positive.
What is the magnitude of the resultant vec-
tor

F =

F
1
+

F
2
?
1. 78.7744
2. 90.1093
3. 44.7472
4. 121.227 N correct
5. 151.814
6. 123.4
7. 80.0251
8. 110.478
Explanation:
Drawing a diagram to scale,

F
1
F
2
F
Scale: 10 N
The components of the forces are F
x
=
F cos and F
y
= F sin , so
F
1x
= (99 N) cos 244

= 43.3987 N,
F
2x
= (50 N) cos 168

= 48.9074 N,
F
1y
= (99 N) sin244

= 88.9806 N,
F
2y
= (50 N) sin168

= 10.3956 N.
The components of the resultant vector are
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 4
F
x
= F
1x
+ F
2x
= 43.3987 N + 48.9074 N
= 92.3061 N and
F
y
= F
1y
+ F
2y
= 88.9806 N + 10.3956 N
= 78.585 N,
so the magnitude of the resultant vector is

F =

F
2
x
+ F
2
y
=

(92.3061 N)
2
+ (78.585 N)
2
= 121.227 N .
007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the direction of this resultant vec-
tor

F? Use counterclockwise as the positive
angular direction, between the limits of 180

and +180

from the positive x axis.

1. 163.5
2. 106.292
3. 12.9465
4. 22.578
5. 170.603
6. 139.591

correct
7. 112.891
8. 53.8099
Explanation:
The angle is
= arctan

F
y
F
x

= tan
1

78.585 N
92.3061 N

.
= 139.591

.
The arctan function is dened between lim-
its 90

and +90

, so you must check for the

quadrant in which your resultant vector lies.
008 10.0 points
Consider three force vectors

F
1
with magni-
tude 42 N and direction 130

,

F
2
with mag-
nitude 22 N and direction 59

, and

F
3
with
magnitude 14 N and direction 46

. All direc-
tion angles are measured from the positive
x axis: counter-clockwise for > 0 and clock-
wise for < 0.
What is the magnitude of the resultant vec-
tor

F =

F
1
+

F
2
+

F
3
?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 24.1298 N.
Explanation:
Let : F
1
= 42 N at
1
= 130

,
F
2
= 22 N at
2
= 59

, and
F
3
= 14 N at
3
= 46

.
Each force vector is dened by components
F
x
= F cos and F
y
= F sin , so the net
force is dened by
F
x
= F
1,x
+ F
2,x
+ F
3,x
= (42 N) cos 130

+ (22 N) cos(59

)
+ (14 N) cos 46

= 5.94102 N and
F
y
= F
1,y
+ F
2,y
+ F
3,y
= (42 N) sin130

+ (22 N) sin(59

)
+ (14 N) sin46

= 23.3869 N
with magnitude
F =

F
2
x
+ F
2
y
=

(5.94102 N)
2
+ (23.3869 N)
2
= 24.1298 N .
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 5
009 (part 1 of 5) 10.0 points
A planet is located at

P = 2 10
10
, 5 10
10
, 1 10
10
.
A star is located at

S = 2 10
10
, 6 10
10
, 3 10
10
.
What is

R, the vector pointing fromthe planet
to the star?
1.

R =
80000000000, 110000000000, 60000000000
2.

R = 4 10
10
, 1.1 10
11
, 4 10
10

correct
3.

R =
110000000000, 140000000000, 30000000000
4.

R =
90000000000, 90000000000, 50000000000
5.

R =
40000000000, 120000000000, 70000000000
Explanation:
This is a vector subtraction problem. To
nd

R, we subtract

S

P by respective com-
ponents:
S
x
P
x
= 2 10
10
(2 10
10
) = 4 10
10
S
y
P
y
= 6 10
10
(5 10
10
) = 1.1 10
11
S
z
P
z
= 3 10
10
(1 10
10
) = 4 10
10
So

R =

S

P
= 4 10
10
, 1.1 10
11
, 4 10
10
.
010 (part 2 of 5) 10.0 points
What is

?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 1.23693 10
11
.
Explanation:
To nd

, we use the Pythagorean theo-

rem.

(4 10
10
)
2
+ (1.1 10
11
)
2
+ (4 10
10
)
2
=

1.53 10
22
= 1.23693 10
11
.
011 (part 3 of 5) 10.0 points
For the remaining three parts of this problem,
you will nd the components of

R, the unit
vector in the direction of

R. Begin by nding

R
x
.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 0.323381.
Explanation:
We simply divide

R
x
by the magnitude:

R
x
=
r
x

=
4 10
10
1.23693 10
11
= 0.323381.
012 (part 4 of 5) 10.0 points
Find

R
y
.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 0.889297.
Explanation:
We divide

R
y
by the magnitude:

R
y
=

R
y

=
1.1 10
11
1.23693 10
11
= 0.889297.
013 (part 5 of 5) 10.0 points
Find

R
z
.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 0.323381.
Explanation:
We divide

R
z
by the magnitude:
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 6

R
z
=

R
z

=
4 10
10
1.23693 10
11
= 0.323381.
014 10.0 points
Let D = A+B+C where A = i, B = i +j,
and C = j.
Find the magnitude of D = A+B+C and
the angle of D with respect to the x-axis.
1. D = 3, = 30

2. D = 4, = 60

3. D = 2, = 45

4. D = 2

2, = 45

correct
5. D = 4, = 45

6. D = 3, = 45

7. D = 4, = 30

8. D = 2

2, = 60

9. D = 3, = 60

10. D = 2, = 60

Explanation:
Adding component by component, we have
D = 2 i + 2 j, so D =

4 + 4 = 2

2 and the
angle is = arctan
D
y
D
x
= 45

.
015 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A particle undergoes two displacements.
The rst has a magnitude of 124 cm and
makes an angle of 133

with the positive x

axis. The resultant displacement has a mag-
nitude of 186 cm and is directed at an angle
of 23.1

to the positive x axis.

Find the magnitude of the second displace-
ment.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 256.267 cm.
Explanation:
Let : R
1
= 124 cm at
1
= 133

and
R = 186 cm at = 23.1

.
r
1
r
2
R
R = R
1
+R
2
R
2
= RR
1
, so
R
2x
= (186 cm) cos 23.1

(124 cm) cos 133

= 255.655 cm, and

R
2y
= (186 cm) sin 23.1

(124 cm) sin 133

= 17.7132 cm,
and the magnitude is
|R
2
| =

R
2
2x
+ R
2
2y
=

(255.655 cm)
2
+ (17.7132 cm)
2
= 256.267 cm .
016 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the direction of the second displace-
ment (with positive measured counterclock-
wise from the x axis, and between the limits
of 180

and +180

)?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 3.96343

.
Explanation:
tan =

s
2y
s
2x

= arctan

s
2y
s
2x

= arctan

17.7132 cm
255.655 cm

= 3.96343

.
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 7
017 10.0 points
An ice skater skates 33.7 m southwest, then
67.4 m east, and nally 101.1 m in a direction
53.3

north of east.
Find the magnitude of the displacement re-
quired to bring the skater back to her starting
point.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 118.698 m.
Explanation:
Let : r
1
= 33.7 m,
r
2
= 67.4 m,
r
3
= 101.1 m, and
= 53.3

.
(x , y )
(x , y )
(x , y )
1 1
1
2 2
3 3
y
x
r
2
r
3
r O
North
45
After skating southwest, her coordinates
are
x
1
= r
1
cos 45

= (33.7 m) cos 45

= 23.8295 m and
y
1
= r
1
sin 45

= (33.7 m) sin 45

= 23.8295 m,
and after she skates east
x
2
= x
1
+ r
2
= 23.8295 m + 67.4 m
= 43.5705 m and
y
2
= y
1
= 23.8295 m.
After skating 53.3

north of east
x
3
= x
2
+ r
3
cos
= 43.5705 m + (101.1 m) cos 53.3

= 103.99 m and
y
3
= y
2
+ r
3
sin
= 23.8295 m + (101.1 m) sin 53.3

= 57.23 m,
so the required displacement is
r =

x
2
3
+ y
2
3
=

(103.99 m)
2
+ (57.23 m)
2
= 118.698 m .
018 (part 1 of 6) 10.0 points
An electron passes location
0.02 m, 0.04 m, 0.06 m, and 3 s later is de-
tected at location 0.02 m, 1.84 m, 0.86 m.
Find the average velocity of the elecron:
v = v
x
, v
y
, v
z
.
What is v
x
?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 0 m/s.
Explanation:
The average velocity over a time interval is
given by:
v =

d
2

d
1
t
2
t
1
This means that the x component is:
v
x
=
d
2x
d
1x
t
2
t
1
=
(0.02 m) (0.02 m)
(3 s)
= 0 m/s
019 (part 2 of 6) 10.0 points
What is v
y
?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 6 10
5
m/s.
Explanation:
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 8
v
y
=
d
2y
d
1y
t
2
t
1
=
(1.84 m) (0.04 m)
(3 s)
= 6 10
5
m/s
020 (part 3 of 6) 10.0 points
What is v
z
?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 2.66667 10
5
m/s.
Explanation:
v
z
=
d
2z
d
1z
t
2
t
1
=
(0.86 m) (0.06 m)
(3 s)
= 2.66667 10
5
m/s
021 (part 4 of 6) 10.0 points
If the electron continues to travel at this av-
erage velocity, nd where it will be in another
9 s :

d = d
x
, d
y
, d
z
.
What is d
x
?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 0.02 m.
Explanation:
The new position is equal to the initial
position plus the velocity of the electron time
the time interval it travels:
d
x
= d
2x
+ v
x
t
= (0.02 m) + (0 m/s) (9 s)
= 0.02 m
022 (part 5 of 6) 10.0 points
What is d
y
?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 7.24 m.
Explanation:
d
y
= d
2y
+ v
y
t
= (1.84 m) + (6 10
5
m/s) (9 s)
= 7.24 m
023 (part 6 of 6) 10.0 points
What is d
z
?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 3.26 m.
Explanation:
d
z
= d
2z
+ v
z
t
= (0.86 m) + (2.66667 10
5
m/s) (9 s)
= 3.26 m
024 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A hummingbird ies 1.3 m along a straight
path at a height of 5.8 m above the ground.
Upon spotting a ower below, the humming-
bird drops directly downward 2.3 m to hover
in front of the ower.
a) What is the magnitude of the humming-
birds total displacement?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 2.64197 m.
Explanation:

2
.
3
m
1.3 m
d

Note: Figure is not drawn to scale.

Basic Concept:
d =

(x)
2
+ (y)
2
Given:
x = 1.3 m
y = 2.3 m
Solution:
d =

(1.3 m)
2
+ (2.3 m)
2
= 2.64197 m
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 9
025 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
How many degrees below the horizontal is this
total displacement?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 60.5241

.
Explanation:
Basic Concept:
tan =
y
x
Solution:
= tan
1

y
x

= tan
1

2.3 m
1.3 m

= 60.5241

which is 60.5241

below the horizontal.

026 10.0 points
Bob heads out into a lake at an angle of 15

with respect to the shore.

If his boat is capable of a speed of 2.1 m/s,
how far from land will he be in 6 min and
38 s ?
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 216.321 m.
Explanation:
Let v be the rate at which the boat is mov-
ing away from the shore.
2
.1
m
/
s
v
15

Although the boats speed is v

boat
, it is
moving away from the shore at less than
this speed. The boats speed v
boat
is the
hypotenuse of a right triangle with v the side
opposite the angle , so
sin =
v
v
boat
v = v
boat
sin and
(d = v t = v
boat
sin ) t
= (2.1 m/s)(sin15

)(398 s)
= 216.321 m .
027 10.0 points
A baseball has a mass of about 145 g. What is
the magnitude of the momentum of a baseball
thrown at a speed of 80 mph? Answer in
kg m/s. (Note that you need to convert mass
to kilograms and miles per hour to meters per
second.)
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 5.18565 kg m/s.
Explanation:
Since the question asks for the magnitude
of momentum, we dont need to worry about
direction or vectors. The magnitude of mo-
mentum is given by
p = mv.
First, however, we need to convert our units.
Its easy to see that
145 g = 0.145 kg.
And if we look up the conversion factors, we
have
80 mph
1609.34 m
1 mile

1 hr
3600 s
= 35.7631 m/s.
Then we can write
p = mv
= (0.145 kg) (35.7631 m/s)
= 5.18565 kg m/s.
028 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
An electron travels at speed
|v| = 0.998c,
where 3 10
8
m/s m/s is the speed of light.
The electron travels in the direction given by
the unit vector
v = 0.655, 0.492, 0.571.
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 10
The mass of an electron is 9 10
31
kg.
What is the value of
=
1

|v|
c

2
?
You can simplify the calculation if you notice
that

|v|
c

2
= (0.998)
2
. Also, remember that
is a unitless quantity.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 15.8193.
Explanation:
This is just a plug and chug problem. You
can carry out the calculation with the more
complicated expression or you can take the
hint into account and simplify things to nd
that
=
1

|v|
c

2
=
1

0.998 c
c

2
= 15.8193 .
029 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
What is the speed of the electron? Answer in
m/s.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 2.994 10
8
m/s.
Explanation:
Speed is just the magnitude of the velocity,
so no vectors are involved. We just need to
carry out the multiplication
|v| = 0.998 c = 0.998(3 10
8
m/s)
= 2.994 10
8
m/s .
030 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
What is the magnitude of the electrons mo-
mentum? Answer in kg m/s.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 4.26267 10
21
kg m/s.
Explanation:
Relativistically, the magnitude of momen-
tum is given by
|p| = m |v| .
We know as well as m and |v|, so we have
everything we need. We obtain
|p| = m |v|
= (15.8193)(9 10
31
kg)(2.994 10
8
m/s)
= 4.26267 10
21
kg m/s .
Note that velocity and momentum point in
the same direction. We could therefore deter-
mine the full momentum vector by nding the
unit vector that points in the direction of the
velocity and multiplying it by the magnitude
of the momentum.
031 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A tennis ball of mass 57 g travels with velocity
v
i
= 48, 0, 0 m/s
toward a wall. After bouncing o the wall,
the tennis ball is observed to be traveling with
velocity
v
f
= 42, 0, 0 m/s.
v
i
v
f
Before After
Notice that this ball only has motion in the
x direction, so the change in momentum will
be of the form
p = p
x
, 0, 0.
Find p
x
. Answer in kg m/s.
sorto (bs32355) HW 01 orin (58445) 11
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 5.13 kg m/s.
Explanation:
To nd the change in momentum, we pro-
ceed as follows:
p = p
f
p
i
= mv
f
mv
i
= m

v
f
v
i

= m(42, 0, 0 m/s 48, 0, 0 m/s)

= (0.057 kg) 90, 0, 0 m/s
= 5.13, 0, 0 kg m/s .
So p
x
= 5.13 kg m/s
032 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the change in the magnitude of the
tennis balls momentum? Answer in kg m/s.
Your answer must be within 1.0%
Correct answer: 0.342 kg m/s.
Explanation:
Remember that magnitude refers only to
the length of a vector, not its direction. So if
we want the change in magnitude, we need
to take the magnitudes of p
i
and p
f
and
nd the change. We would usually use the
Pythagorean theorem to nd the magnitude
of a vector, but in this case, our vectors have
only one component each, so nding the mag-
nitudes is easy. For p
i
,
|p
i
| = |(0.057 kg) 48, 0, 0 m/s|
= |2.736, 0, 0 kg m/s|
= 2.736 kg m/s .
And for p
f
,

p
f

= |(0.057 kg) 42, 0, 0 m/s|

= |2.394, 0, 0 kg m/s|
= 2.394 kg m/s .
So the change in magnitude is

p
f

|p
i
| = 0.342 kg m/s.