436

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE. BCHJK II.

Table op the Modulus of Elasticity, &4.

t^Ktinrifd.
Tredgold and otheks. TllEfi nl.D UNO OTHERS.
lbs. avoir, per sq. inch. ll)s.; voir, per sq. iiicli.
Beech
1,350,000 R Oak, Adriatic 974,400
"
1
1,345.000
Canadian
-
2,14S,80O
Elm -
to
1
700.000 R
1,340,000
,,
African
.;
1,728,000
2,282.300
Larch
-I
1,363,500
1,740,000

Riga .

D.intzic
-
1,610,500
1,998,000
,.
-
r
900,000 R
American Red ();k
"r
2,150,000 R
to
L
1,360,000
I
1,958,700
Fir, Red or Yellow 2,016,000 Saul -
-
2,420,000 R

VVIiite
-

Yellow A merican
-
1,830,000
1,600,000
Teak, Indian
-
(
2.167,074
2,414.400 R

Mar Forest
-
845,066 Poon
-
1,689,800

Scotch
.
951,750 Cowrie
. .
l,a82,400
,.
Riga -
r
1,687,500 Melals.
"
'i
J,32S,800 Cast steel
- .
13,680,000
,,
Memel 1 ,957,7,TO
1,536,200
Bestshe.1' steel, not hard-
1
ened - - -
J
29,000,000
15'irch
"
-
.
1,645,000 R Cast brass - . .
8,9,30,000
Chesniit
.
1,140,000 R
,,
- .
9,1 70,000 R
Walnut
-
1,432,000 Cast iron
-
-f
18,400,000
Cedar
.
486,000 average
I
1 7,000,000 R
Red Pine - -
-f
1
,4!:0,000 R Cast lead -
.
720,00.)
to
I
1,900,000 R Cast tin
- .
4,608,000
Spruce Fir
-
-.o-{
1 ,400,000 R Zinc - . .
13,680,000
1,800,000 R Gun metal
- -
9,873,000
Christiania White Dial 1
1,672,000
1,804,000
Brass wire -
Copper wire,
(
2)
-
14,2.30,000 R
17,000,000 R
American White Spruce 1,244,000 Iron wire -
- -
25,300,000 R
Weymouth or Yellow Pine 1,633,500 Stones, &-C.
Pitch Pine
-
{
1,252,200
1,225,600
Portland stone
Slate, Welsh, ; verage
-
1,530.000
15,800,000
Mahogany
-
-.o-{
1,255,000 R Window glass
- -
8,580,000
1,596,300
" "
.
8,000,000 R
Good English Oak 1,700,000 White marble
- .
2,520,000
Oak -
.0
{
1,200,000 R
1,714,500 R, from Ra nkinp, C 1'// E ngi'neering.
163C*. Hence, the modulus of elasticity being known for any substance, the weight may
be determined which a given bar, nearly straight, is capable of supporting. For instance,
in fir, supposing its height 10,000,000. a bar one inch square and 10 feet long mny
begin to bend with the weiglit of a bar of the same thickness, equal in length to
1
8225
;x 10,000,000 fiet = 571 feet, that is, with a weight of about 120 lbs; neg-
120x120
lecting the effect of the weight of the bar it.self. If we know the force required to crush
a bar or colunui, we may ciilculate what must be the jiropoition of its length to its dejjth,
in order that it may bejjin to bend ratl)er than bo crushed. (Gregory,
p. 382.)
1G30/. For a rectangular beam supported at both ends and the weight ap})lied in the
4
"2
P \V
middle, Gregor)',
p. 388,
gives the formula = deflection in inches in tlie middle.
MbiP
HereM modulus of elasticity in pounds; I length in feet ; W weight in pounds; Zi breadth and
d depth both in inches. Fenwick, Mi chmiics
of
Construction, gives the formula jtj-t-^ or
VV /3
. ... . .
"io fl
Tj^.-. = deflection. Hi re /length is in inches; and I moment of inertia of the section,
Which for a rectangle,
=-fr^
hd^.
1 630/. As it may often be necessary to calculate the deflection for an arm from that of a
beam, or vice vc7sd, we notice the statement made by Barlow, edit. 1837, that "the deflection
of a beam fixed at one end in a wall and loaded at tlie other, is ilovhlc that of a beam of
twice the length, supported at !)oth ends, and loaded in the middle witli a double weight."
But l)y his editor in 18.<1, the word dduhlewsis altered to equal Certain experiments made
by us on both the l)eam and the arm, tended t.) prove that the former was correct {BuilileT,
1S66,
p. 124); but scientific investigations sliow that mathematically the latter is correct;