-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 18 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
Niranjan: I am sure too there wasn't any
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 275
Niranjan: Hi Nirupama, you are late again.
(E®Ω’-°æ´÷, †’´¤y ´’Sx Ç©Ææuç.)
Nirupama: Sorry sir, I was caught up in a
nasty traffic jam. The flyover
under construction is holding up
the traffic. Vehicles were moving
at a snail's pace.
(Sorry, traffic jam
°∂æ’®Ω-¢Á’i† ™
flyover
É®Ω’-èπ◊\-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Åéπ\úø E®√t-
ùç™ Öçúøôç ´©x ¢√£æ«-Ø√-©Fo †ûªh-
†-úøéπ †úÕ-î√®·.)
Nasty - Aô’d-°æü¿ç – °∂æ’®Ω-¢Á’i†/ £‘«†-¢Á’i†/ ...
etc. snail's pace = snail = †ûªh; pace = ¢Ëí∫ç.
He is good at cricket
Niranjan: Even the construction of the fly-
over is at a snail's pace. God
knows when it will be complete.
(Flyover E®√tùç èπÿú≈ †ûªh-†-úøéπ™«
≤ƒí∫’-ûÓçC. ÅüÁ°æ¤púø’ °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çüÓ
üË´¤-úÕÍé ûÁL-ߪ÷L.)
Nirupama: I usually start at home at 9
expecting to be here at 9.45. But
from tomorrow onwards I'll start a
little earlier. At any rate not later
than 8.45.
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ ØËEçöx 9 éÀ •ßª’-©’-üË-
®Ω-û√†’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 9.45 éπ™«x ÖçúÌîªaE.
é¬E Í®°æ-öÀ-†’ç* é¬Ææh ´·çüË •ßª’-©’-
üË-®Ω-û√†’. àüË-´’-®·Ø√, 8.45 ü∆ô-
èπ◊çú≈ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-û√†’.)
Niranjan: That's good. There are three
more reports to be got ready. At
any cost they must be over by 4
this evening.
(´’ç*üË. Éçé¬ ´‚úø’ reports Æœü¿l¥ç
鬢√Lq ÖØ√o®·. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÅN É¢√∞¡
Ø√©’-Tç-öÀ-éπ™«x °æ‹®Ωh-¢√L.)
Nirupama: At all costs they will be ready by 4
sir.
(àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Å´Fo èπÿú≈ Ø√©’-Tç-öÀéÀ
ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-û√®·.)
Niranjan: OK. I know you'll do it. When you
are around, I feel at ease.
(ÆæÍ®, Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ †’´¤y îËÊÆ-≤ƒh-´E.
†’´¤y ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰ Ø√Íé *çû√ Öçúøü¿’.)
Nirupama: Thank you, sir.
Niranjan: Look here, Nirupama. There's a
small problem - a complaint from
our head office - one of the
reports we sent last week, they
say, is at odds with the one we
had sent earlier. How did that
happen?
(äéπ *†o Ææ´’Ææu – Head office ¢√∞¡x
†’ç* ã compliant – ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ
¢√®Ωç °æç°œ† reports ™ äéπöÀ
´’†ç Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ °æç°œ† report
èπ◊ Gµ†oçí¬ Öçü¿E. ÅüÁ™« ïJ-TçC?
Nirupama: I'm sure it's not our fault. I checked
and rechecked all the reports
before I sent them. I sat for three
hours at a stretch to make sure
that nothing was wrong.
(ÅC ´’† ûª°æ¤p-é¬-ü¿E ؈’ éπ*aûªçí¬
†´·t-ûª’-Ø√o†’. à §Ò®Ω-§ƒô÷ ®√èπ◊çú≈
Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ ؈’ ´‚úø’-í∫çô©§ƒô’
ü∆E N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’ îª÷¨»†’.)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
b) You think you can get the
error from our side. The mistake car cheap. At any rate it's
must be at the H.O. itself. not going to be less than
Rs. 3 lac. = car
(؈÷ ´’†-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* à §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ (Ç îª´-éπí¬
™‰ü¿E éπ*aûªçí¬ ÖØ√o. §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ éÌØÁ-ߪ÷u-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤.
head office ™ØË Öçú≈L.) àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÅC Fèπ◊ 3 ©éπ~©
Nirupama: I will check up once again. ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ ûªèπ◊\-´-®√ü¿’)
(؈’ ´’Sx îª÷≤ƒh†’.) 3) At any cost – áöÀd °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’-™ x-ØÁjØ√.
a) I must reach the place at 9 at any cost =
v°æ¨¡o:
English conversation ™ 'At' ¢√úøéπç î√™« According to, Agreeably to, Along with,
áöÀd °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x†®·Ø√ ؈éπ\úÕéÀ 9 éπ™«x îË®Ω’-éÓ-
Away from, Because of, By dint of, By
áèπ◊\´. ÅC ´’†ç-ü¿-®Ωèπÿ ûÁ©’Ææ’.

´÷´‚-©’í¬ ã v°æü˨¡ç ´·çü¿’ 'at' ¢√úÕûË Ç ¢√L.
means of, By reason of, By way of,
b) You will meet him there at any cost even
îÓô ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Conformably to, For the sake of .
before I start =
At home (ÉçöÀ™ ), at college, at office, at
؈’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ú≈-E-éπØ√o
-Ñ Phrase prepositions í∫’-Jç-* -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™
the theatre - Çߪ÷-îÓôx, Ç v°æüË-¨»-©™ ÅE.
´·çüË áöÀd °æJ-Æœn-A-™x-ØÁjØ√ †’´y-ûªEo éπ©’-≤ƒh´¤.
c) He wants to see her out of job at any cost
-N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

Time ´·çü¿’ at ¢√úÕûË Ç Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ ÅE
= à °æJ-Æœn-A-™-ØÁjØ√, à °æü¿l¥A ´©x†®·Ø√, Ç¢Á’ – Èé.-Ø√®√-ߪ’-ù, -†-™Ô_ç-úø
Å®Ωnç. ÖüÓuí∫ç™ Öçúø-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-úø- -ï-¢√-•’:
At 4 PM, at 6 PM, at 7 in the morning. i) 'to' preposition
ûª†’. èπ◊ ´÷´‚©’ Å®√n©’:
1) 'èπ◊/ éÀ— ÅE, 2) ü¿í∫_-®Ω-èπ◊, Åô’--¢Áj°æ¤.
1) He gave it to her (Ç¢Á’èπ◊)
2) She walked to the classroom = class-
room class room
-¢Áj°æ¤/ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ †úÕ-*çC.
to = towards)
(É™«çöÀîÓôx
3) The boy went to his mother =
¢√∞¡x´’t ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’.

ii) with Åçõ‰ 'ûÓ—.
´’† °æJ-Æœn-AE ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç. 4) At all costs they will be ready by 4 PM.
a) He is at work/ play/ lunch/ dinner/ a party - Please come with me = Ø√ûÓ®√.
At all costs = at any cost - Both are same.
party iii) of = 1)
í∫’-Jç-* ii) ßÁ·éπ\
Åûª†’ °æE™/ Çúø’ûª÷/ ¶µçîËÆæ÷h/ ™ 5) When you are around, I feel at ease =
a) I know of (= about = í∫’-Jç-*)
ÖØ√oúø’.
b) I am at my cousin's/ aunt's etc. = ´÷ †’´¤y ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ à *çû√ Öçúøü¿’/ this.
He knew of it yesterday itself
cousin/ auntÉçöÀ™ ÖØ√o†’. ؈÷°œJ °‘©’a-èπ◊çö«.
feel at ease/ be at ease = feel relaxed/ be free (of=
á´J ÉçöÀ™ ÅØËC 's ûÓ ûÁ©-°æ-´îª’a. from worry = worry
í∫’-Jç-*)
b)
ßÁ·éπ\ – This is the property
Nv¨»ç-Aí¬, ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç.
He is right now at Ramesh's = Åûª-E-°æ¤púø’
a) You'll get what you want. Feel at ease/ be of my friend. (ÅûªE ßÁ·éπ\)
®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ ÉçöÀ™ ÖØ√oúø’. (Ramesh's home/ at ease =
iv) from = †’ç*, away = ü¿÷®Ωçí¬.
house ņ-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.)
Fé¬\-¢√-LqçC ´Ææ’hçC. Çü¿’-®√l-°æ-úøèπ◊/
worry Å´èπ◊.

at the moment = Ñ éπ~ùç™/ É°æ¤púø’. Å®·ûË O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† phrases ™E to, with,
b) With the police any where around, he
Kumar: Hello, who's it please? of, ™«çöÀ prepositions èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Å®√n-
could never feel at ease = Police
Kesav: I am Kesav. Can I speak to
¢√∞¡Ÿx ©’ç-úø´¤. ÅN Ç phrases ™ ¶µ«í¬©’. Ç
prepositions ÅFo Ç ´÷ô© °æéπ\† ¢√úø’-
áéπ\-úÁjØ√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰, Åûª-EéÀ ÆœnN’-ûªçí¬ Öçúøü¿’.
Sadanand? c) He is never at ease when he sees some
Kumar: He is very busy at the moment. I'm
éπí¬ ´≤ƒh®·.
one happier than he/ him =
1. According to = v°æ鬮Ωç
Åûª-E-éπçõ‰ ÆæçûÓ-
afraid he can't take your call. Can
≠æçí¬ Ö†o-¢√-∞Îx-´-J-ØÁjØ√ îª÷ÊÆh Åûª-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬
2. Agreeably to - ÉC-™‰ü¿’ – Agreeable to
you leave a message? Öçúøü¿’. (Ñ®Ω{u)
ÖçC. Å®Ωnç – Ææ´’tûªç.
(Ñ éπ~ùç Çߪ’† î√™« busy í¬ 6) I sat for three hours at a stretch over it =
(He is agreeable to my proposal - Ø√ v°æA-§ƒ-
ÖØ√oúø’. O’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰úø’. àüÁjØ√ ü∆E í∫’Jç* àéπ-üµ∆-öÀí¬ ´‚úø’ í∫çô©’ èπÿ®Ω’aØ√o.
ü¿† Åûªúø’ ä°æ¤p-èπ◊-Ø√o-úø’/- ÅC Åûª-EéÀ Ææ´’tûªç.)
îÁ°æp-´’ç-ö«®√?) At a stretch = break ™‰èπ◊çú≈, ÅüË °æEí¬.
3. Along with = ûÓÆæ£æ…

At war, at peace, at some distance - a) He established a record for nonstop
The house along with its furniture has
at singing by singing for 72 hours at a stretch
been sold =
Ééπ\-úøçû√ èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, ™ – ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.

àüÁjØ√ rate ´·çü¿’ at ¢√úøû√ç. = àéπ-üµ∆-öÀí¬ 72 í∫çô-©-§ƒô’ N®√´’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈
furniture
record Ç É©’x, ûÓÆæ£æ… Ţ˒t-¨»®Ω’.
at Rs. 60 a dozen, at a speed of 50 Kmph
§ƒúÕ, §ƒúø-ôç™ Ææ%≠œdç-î√úø’.
4. Away from =
(Kilometres per hour), etc. b) She lectured for three hours at a stretch = ü¿÷®Ωçí¬.
He lived in a small village away from

at
àéπ-üµ∆-öÀ† 3 í∫çô-©-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ö°æ-†u-Æœç-*çC.
àüÁjØ√ í∫’ùç ûª®√yûª ´ÊÆh Ç í∫’ùç éπ© ÅE
É´Fo î√™« common phrases. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ. towns and cities -
†í∫-®√-©èπ◊ ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ *†o
Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. ví¬´’ç™ E´-Æœç-î√úø’.
a) He is good at cricket = 5. Because of = Åçü¿’-´©x
cricket
v°æ¨¡o: Enter ûª®√yûª into preposition ¢√úÌ-ü¿lE
-Å-ûª-úø’ ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√úø’. Åçö«®Ω’. éÌEo ¢√é¬u™x -Å-™« -Öç-öç-C. Because of his laziness he failed
b) She is poor at understanding others = Into ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. = ≤Ú´’Jûª†ç ´©x
Éûª-®Ω’-©-†®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-ü∆¢Á’. (Ç¢Á’é¬ ¨¡éÀh-™‰ü¿’) Enter into the new session. 6 &7) By dint of = By means - Åçü¿’-
c) He is clever at getting help from others = We are entering into London. ´‚-©çí¬/ ü∆E Ææ£æ…-ߪ’çûÓ.
He succeeded by dint of/ by means of his
Éûª-®Ω’-© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿-ôç™ ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’. Take permission before enter into the room..
hard work
Now look at the following sentences from ÅE ®√Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆? – -á-Ø˛.Ææ-ûªuç, -Ç-C-™«-¶«-ü˛ (éπ%≠œ-´-©x/- éπ%≠œ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’çûÓ)
8. By reason of =
the conversation at the beginning of the -ï-¢√-•’: -Ç é¬-®Ω-ùçí¬
lesson. Enter ûª®√yûª into ¢√úøôç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd Öçô’çC. By means of their quarrel, they lost their
1) Vehicles were moving at a snail's pace = äéπ v°æüË-¨¡ç-™éÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªôç Å®·ûË, enter ÅØË money = ¢√∞¡x §Úö«xô 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ úø•’s©’
¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ †ûªh-†-úøéπ †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. (î√™« Eü∆- Åçö«ç, into ®√ü¿’. Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™éÀ/ N¢√-ü¿ç-™éÀ/ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
ä°æpç-ü∆-EéÀ Cí∫ôç Å®·ûË enter into Åçö«ç. 9. By way of - i) Ç Nüµ¿ç-í¬/- ü∆-EéÀ ´÷®Ω’í¬.
†çí¬)
a) Enter a place (room, college, town, etc) We had bread and fruit by way of lunch
a) Work on the flyover is progressing at a
snail's pace = Flyover b) enter into a conversation/ discussion/ agree- = bread,
°æçúøx®Ω÷°æç™ lunch BÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
°æ†’©’ î√™« ´’çü¿-éÌ-
úÕí¬ †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. ment = lunch
•ü¿’©’ bread, °æçúø÷x BÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
b) His book will take a long time to complete. 1. Entering into the new session ÉC correct. 10. conformably to: Ñ ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’.
He is writing at a snail's pace = ÅûªE °æ¤Ææhéπç éÌûªhsession ™éÀ Åúø’-T-úøôç. 11. for the sake of = Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’.
°æ‹®Ωh-´-ö«-EéÀ î√™«é¬©ç °æúø’-ûª’çC. Åûª†’ î√™« 2. We are entering into London ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’, We are a) He murdered the child for the sake of
Eü∆-†çí¬ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. entering London - correct a few thousand rupees = éÌEo ¢Ë©
2) At any rate. àüË-¢Á’iØ√, ´’£æ… Å®·ûË. 3. Take permission before enter into the room - ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© éÓÆæç Ç Gúøf†’ £æ«ûªu î˨»úø’.
Take permission before you enter b) He came here for the sake of a job,
a) I will try to start as early as I can, at any
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
the room - correct.
rate not later than 8 = O©-®·-†çûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ÖüÓuí∫ç éÓÆæç Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’. Ñ
•ßª’-©’-üË-Í®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒh. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ 8 éπçõ‰ India entered into an agreement with Å®ΩnçûÓ for the sake of = for.
America - into
Ééπ\úø Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
´·çüË (ûª®√yûª é¬èπ◊çú≈). - M. SURESAN