Lesson 9-2 Reections 553

9-2
Objective To fnd refection images of fgures
Reections
Look at the shapes at the
right. Visualize flipping each
shape across its yellow line.
What word do the images of
the shapes form? Copy the
shapes as they are shown
and sketch the results of
flipping them.
In the Solve It, you visualized shapes fipping across lines. Notice that when a fgure
fips across a line, the preimage and its image are congruent and have opposite
orientations. You can tell that two fgures have opposite orientations if the
corresponding vertices of the preimage and image read in opposite directions.
Essential Understanding Te size and shape of a geometric fgure stay the
same when you fip the fgure across a line. Its orientation reverses.
The vertices of
BUG read
clockwise.
The vertices of
BUG read
counterclockwise. G G
B B
U U
Key Concept Reection Across a Line
Reection across a line r, called the
line of reection, is a transformation
with these two properties:
If a point A is on line r, then the
image of A is itself (that is, Ar 5 A).
If a point B is not on line r, then r is
the perpendicular bisector of BBr .
A refection across a line is an isometry.
The preimage B and
its image B are
equidistant from
the line of reection.
B
C
A
r
C
B
A
s
W
t
s
a
f
Flipping a figure
across a line is
another type of
transformation.
Dynamic Activity
Reections
A
C
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I V I T
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D
AAAAAAAA
C
A
CC
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Lesson
Vocabulary
reection
line of reection

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Problem 1
Got It?
Problem 2
Got It?
554 Chapter 9 Transformations
Reecting a Point Across a Line
Multiple Choice If point P(3, 4) is refected across the line y 5 1, what are the
coordinates of its refection image?
(3, 24) (0, 4) (3, 22) (23, 22)
Graph point P and the line of refection y 5 1. P and its refection image across the line
must be equidistant from the line.
P is 3 units above the line y 5 1, so Pr is 3 units below the line y 5 1. Te line y 5 1 is
the perpendicular bisector of PPr if Pr is (3, 22). Te correct answer is C.
1. What is the image of P(3, 4) refected across the line x 5 21?
Graphing a Reection Image
Coordinate Geometry Graph points A(23, 4), B(0, 1), and C(4, 2). What is the image
of kABC refected across the y-axis?
Step 1
Graph nABC. Show the
y-axis as the dashed
line of refection.
Step 2
Find Ar, Br, and Cr . Br is
in the same position as B
because B is on the line of
refection. Locate Ar and
Cr so that the y-axis is the
perpendicular bisector of
AAr and CCr .
Step 3
Draw nArBrCr.
2. Graph nABC from Problem 2. What is the image of nABC refected across
the x-axis?
Stop when the distances of P and P
to the line of reection are the same.
Move along the line through P that
is perpendicular to the line of reection.
x
y 1
2 2
2
2
4
O
4
y
P
P
2
y
x
5
O
4 2 4
A
B
C
A
B B
A
C C
5
2 4 2 4
O
x
y
A
B B
A
C C
5
2 4 2 4
O
x
y
kABC intersects the
line of reection.
How will the image
relate to the line of
reection?
The image will also
intersect the line of
reection.
P
t
How does a graph
help you visualize the
problem?
A graph shows that
y 5 1 is a horizontal
line, so the line through
P that is perpendicular to
the line of reection is a
vertical line.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lesson Check
Problem 3
Got It?
Lesson 9-2 Reections 555
Minimizing a Distance
Hiking Beginning from a point on Summit Trail, a
hiking club will build a trail to the Overlook and a
trail to Balance Rock. Working under a tight budget,
the club members want to minimize the total length
of the two trails. How can you fnd the point on
Summit Trail where the two new trails should start?
Assume the trails will be straight and that they will
cover similar terrain.
You need to fnd the point P on line t such that
OP 1 PR is as small as possible. Locate Or, the
refection image of O across t. Because t is the
perpendicular bisector of OOr, PO 5 POr and
OP 1 PR 5 OrP 1 PR. By the Triangle Inequality
Teorem, the sum OrP 1 PR is smallest when R, P,
and Or are collinear. So, the trails should start at the
point P where ROr intersects line t.
3. Reasoning Your classmate began to solve the problem above by refecting
point R in line t. Will her method work? Explain.
Balance Rock
Summit Trail
Overlook
O
R
O
R
P
t
O
The ending points, O and R,
of the two trails
The point P on Summit Trail for
which OP 1 PR is as small as
possible
Reect O across Summit Trail to
Or. Then nd the intersection of
Summit Trail and ROr .
You
OP
ref
per
OP
Te
and
poi
Th
of
To see how the Triangle
Inequality Theorem
applies, look at another
possible starting
point, S. You can use
nSROr to explain why
OrS 1 SR . OrP 1 PR.
O O
t
P
R
S
Do you know HOW?
Use the graph of kFGH.
1. What are the coordinates
of H refected across the
y-axis?
2. What are the coordinates
of G refected across the
line x 5 3?
3. Graph nFGH and its
refection image across
the line y 5 4.
Do you UNDERSTAND?
4. Vocabulary What is the relationship between a line
of refection and a segment joining corresponding
points of the preimage and image?
5. Error Analysis A classmate
refected point A across line r as
shown in the diagram. Explain
your classmates error. Copy
point A and line r and show the
correct location of Ar.
6. What are the coordinates of a point P(x, y) refected
across the y-axis? Across the x-axis?
y
4
2
2 4
4
O
4
x
F
H
G
A
r
A
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
556 Chapter 9 Transformations
Practice and Problem-Solving Exercises
Each point is refected across the line indicated. Find the
coordinates of each image.
7. Q across x 5 1 8. R across y 5 21
9. S across the y-axis 10. T across y 5 0.5
11. U across x 5 23 12. V across the x-axis
Coordinate Geometry Given points J(1, 4), A(3, 5), and R(2, 1), graph kJAR
and its refection image across each line.
13. the x-axis 14. the y-axis 15. y 5 2 16. y 5 5 17. x 5 21 18. x 5 2
19. Civil Engineering Town of cials in Waterville
and Drighton plan to construct a water pumping
station along the Franklin Canal. Te station
will provide both towns with water. Where along
the canal should the of cials build the pumping
station to minimize the total length of pipe needed?
Copy each fgure and line <. Draw each fgures refection image across line <.
20. 21. 22.
23. Coordinate Geometry Te following steps explain how to refect
point A across the line y 5 x.
Step 1 Draw line / through A(5, 1) perpendicular to the line y 5 x.
Te slope of y 5 x is 1, so the slope of line / is 1 ? (21), or 21.
Step 2 From A, move two units left and two units up to y 5 x. Ten
move two more units left and two more units up to fnd the
location of Ar on line /. Te coordinates of Ar are (1, 5).
a. Copy the diagram. Ten draw the lines through B and C that are
perpendicular to the line y 5 x. What is the slope of each line?
b. Refect B and C across the line y 5 x. What are the coordinates of Br and Cr ?
c. Graph nArBrCr .
d. Make a Conjecture Compare the coordinates of the vertices of nABC and
nArBrCr . Make a conjecture about the coordinates of the point P(a, b) refected
across the line y 5 x.
24. Coordinate Geometry nABC has vertices A(23, 5), B(22, 21), and C(0, 3).
Graph nABC and nArBrCr , the refection of nABC across the line y 5 2x.
(Hint: See Exercise 23.)
O
2
2
1
2 4
y
x
R S
V
Q
U
T
Practice A See Problem 1.
See Problem 2.
Waterville
Drighton
Franklin Canal
See Problem 3.
Apply
B
x

y
O
4
5
2
2
y x
C
B
A
A

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lesson 9-2 Reections 557
25. Recreation When you play pool, you can use the fact that
the ball bounces of the side of the pool table at the same
angle at which it hits the side. Suppose you want to put
the ball at point B into the pocket at point P by bouncing it
of side RS. Of what point on RS should the ball bounce?
Draw a diagram and explain your reasoning.
26. Think About a Plan Te coordinates of the vertices of
nFGHare F(2, 21), G(22, 22), and H(24, 3). Graph nFGH
and its image nFrGrHr for a refection across the line y 5 x 2 3.
What is the relationship between the line y 5 x 2 3 and FFr, GGr, and HHr ?
How can you use slope to fnd the image of each vertex?
Copy each pair of fgures. Ten draw the line of refection you can use to map
one fgure onto the other.
27. 28. 29.
30. History Te work of artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)
has an unusual characteristic. His handwriting is a mirror image of
normal handwriting.
a. Write the mirror image of the sentence, Leonardo da Vinci was left-
handed. Use a mirror to check how well you did.
b. Explain why the fact about da Vinci in part (a) might have made mirror
writing seem natural to him.
31. Open-Ended Give three examples from everyday life of objects that come
in a left-handed version and a right-handed version.
Find the image of O(0, 0) after two refections, frst across line <
1
and
then across line <
2
.
32. /
1
: y 5 3, /
2
: x-axis 33. /
1
: x 5 22, /
2
: y-axis 34. /
1
: x-axis, /
2
: y-axis
35. /
1
: x 5 22, /
2
: y 5 3 36. /
1
: y 5 3, /
2
: x 5 22 37. /
1
: x 5 22, /
2
: y 5 x
38. /
1
: x 5 a, /
2
: y 5 b 39. /
1
: x 5 a, /
2
: y 5 x 40. /
1
: y 5 b, /
2
: y 5 x
41. Reasoning When you refect a fgure across a line, does every point on the
preimage move the same distance? Explain.
42. Security Recall that when a ray of light hits a mirror, it bounces
of the mirror at the same angle at which it hits the mirror. You
are installing a security camera. At what point on the mirrored
wall should you aim the camera at C in order to view the door at
D? Draw a diagram and explain your reasoning.
P
S
Q
R
B
Mirrored wall
C
D
or
me
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
558 Chapter 9 Transformations
43. Use the diagram at the right. Find the coordinates of the
given point.
a. Ar , the refection image of A across y 5 x
b. Arr , the refection image of Ar across y 5 2x
c. Arrr , the refection image of Arr across y 5 x
d. Arrrr , the refection image of Arrr across y 5 2x
e. How are A and Arrrr related?
Reasoning Can you form the given type of quadrilateral by drawing a triangle
and then refecting one or more times? Explain.
44. parallelogram 45. isosceles trapezoid 46. kite
47. rhombus 48. rectangle 49. square
50. Coordinate Geometry Show that B(b, a) is the refection image of A(a, b) across
the line y 5 x. (Hint: Show that y 5 x is the perpendicular bisector of AB.)
x
y A (1, 3)
y x
y x
2
2
2
2
Challenge
C
Mixed Review
For the given points, ArBr is a translation of AB. Write a rule to describe each
translation.
55. A(21, 5), B(2, 0), Ar(3, 3), Br(6, 22) 56. A(29, 24), B(27, 1), Ar(24, 23), Br(22, 2)
57. Maps A map of Alberta, Canada, uses the scale 1 cm 5 25 km. On the map, the
distance from Calgary to Edmonton is 11.1 cm. How far apart are the two cities?
Get Ready! To prepare for Lesson 9-3, do Exercises 5863.
Use a protractor to draw an angle with the given measure.
58. 1208 59. 908 60. 728 61. 608 62. 458 63. 368
See Lesson 9-1.
See Lesson 7-2.
See p. 824.
Standardized Test Prep
51. What is the refection image of (a, b) across the line y 5 26 ?
(a 2 6, b) (a, b 2 6) (212 2 a, b) (a, 212 2 b)
52. Te diagonals of a quadrilateral are perpendicular and bisect each other. What is
the most precise name for the quadrilateral?
rectangle parallelogram rhombus kite
53. AD
)
bisects /A of nCAB, with point D on CB. Which of the following is true?

CD
DB
5
CA
BA

CD
DB
5
BA
CA

CB
CD
5
CA
BA

CA
CB
5
AB
DB
54. Write an indirect proof of the following statement: Te hypotenuse of a right
triangle is the longest side of the right triangle.
SAT/ACT
Extended
Response
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.