POWERSECTOR

74 NOV|DEC13 energetica india

The article discusses the concept of generation of electricity from speed breaker
arrangements on road. Energetica India as a responsible media encourage the
discussions of new concepts/ideas among industry peers.
TANMAY MAZUMDER
Electricity Generation by Hump (Speed
Breaker) Arrangement on Road
The Future Technology
As we are aware that the crude oil stored
beneath the soil will be all consumed in
the near future and alternative eco-friend-
ly, non-polluting energy sources will be
utilized for electricity generation to power
our cars.
Battery is one of such alternative pow-
er source. Battery powered cars, scooters,
three wheelers can be presently spotted
on the roads. The number of such battery
powered vehicles is expected to increase
exponentially over the coming years.
By considering all the details and
calculations it has been understood that
there is a huge potential of power genera-
tion from Hump (Speed Breaker) Arrange-
ment On Road arrangement and it is well
calculated that approximately 700kw of
power can be generated by a queue of
these small power generating units. The
aim is to trap energy from the forces gen-
erated by wheel of car while running on
the road and to generate electricity from
the hump (as like speed breaker) arrange-
ment on the road.
Supposedly, whenever a battery oper-
ated car runs on the road and faces a
problem of its battery getting dried up,
the cars can approach to toll gates near-
est/ ahead and the battery cartridge can
be exchanged as like in present day oil
lling station. These dried batteries will
be charged by ELECTRICITY GENERA-
TION BY HUMP (SPEED BREAKER) AR-
RANGEMENT ON ROAD for next ex-
change.
This generated power source can also
power the toll gate area, street lights of
the location and the nearby area.
Construction
Mechanical diagram of electricity genera-
tion system by the hump arrangement on
the road is shown below:
A exible hump made up of steel
stripes, angle & channels tted & hinged
together in such a manner in the form
of hump which can be pressed and re-
leased vertically down & up supported
with springs.
A exible vertical shaft has been hinged
at the bottom side of the hump ar-
rangement and the other end of the
shaft is hinged with the crank of 0.859
m positioned with the angle 45 with
respect to horizontal plane.
A y wheel of dia. 0.070 m again ar-
ranged and designed to rotate 1.5 rota-
tions with the rotation of crank.
The y-wheels shaft then axially con-
nected to spiral spring.
Unwinding of spiral spring shaft is then
coupled to the shaft of a generator to
produce electricity of designed capac-
ity
Working
With the approach of cars front axial
wheel on the hump, weight pushes
the hump downwards with the force
of 200kg.f.m (as data collected for the
Fig. 1. Mechanical arrangement for generating electricity from hump on road
BATTERY POWERED CARS,
SCOOTERS, THREE WHEELERS
CAN BE PRESENTLY SPOTTED
ON THE ROADS. THE NUMBER
OF SUCH BATTERY POWERED
VEHICLES IS EXPECTED TO
INCREASE EXPONENTIALLY
OVER THE COMING YEARS
POWERSECTOR
75 energetica india NOV|DEC13
case), since the other end of the lever is
hinged with the crank, thus the crank is
being rotated 1/8th time.
The crank is designed in such a way that
it moves maximum distance, and as it is
calculated 0.337m.
Since the designed y wheel is connect-
ed to the crank, the y wheel rotates
itself 1.5 times with against 1/8thself-
rotation of crank.
A spiral spring arrangement is axi-
ally connected with the shaft of the y
wheel to wind the suitably designed spi-
ral spring.
When the hinged lever will move up-
ward, the downward force on the other
lever will be released and the crank will
be separate itself from the y wheel,
which then allow the spiral spring to
unwind itself with rpm say 1000rpm(to
be designed).
As the shaft of y wheel is coupled with
the generator, the unwinding spiral
spring will rotate the generator shaft
with designed 1000rpm and electricity
will be generated.

Calculation
An indicative diagram is shown below for
the calculation purpose
On the basis of above indicative draw-
ing the calculations is performed consider-
ing collected data (mentioned in the table
below) in actual. As per the g. 2,
F = vertical force exerting on the hump arrangement
by the car. Vertical force may be considered 100kg.f
TABLE NO. 1- COLLECTED DATA
Car Model Maruti 800
Tot. wt. 650 kg.f
Front axial exerting force approx.100 kg.f
Rear axial exerting force --
1. Torque equation:
=F .d.sin --- (eq. 1)
By the above mentioned torque equa-
tion substituting all values the torque
30.39kg.f.m is being generated to wind
the spiral spring or the attached y wheel
of lesser dia. will wind the spiral spring
with the above torque. And as per the spi-
ral spring characteristic, the torque while
unwinding the spring, the unwinding the
torque may be 20% lesser than the wind-
ing torque in the spiral spring axial.
Thus the unwinding torque value re-
mains,
Fig. 2 : Indicative diagram for torque & power
generation.
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76 NOV|DEC13 energetica india
=24.32 kg.f.m --- (eq. 2)
The torque mentioned in eq. 2 is the
torque generated while unwinding of
the spiral coil spring, and it will rotate the
generator rotor with the same torque i.e.
24.32kg.f.m. Now, calculating power gen-
eration from the generator by below men-
tioned power equation.
2. Power equation:
P =
rpm
--- (eq. 3)

725.82
To get the desired output from the genera-
tor, a 6pole, 1000rpm, 415v machine has
to be coupled.
Thus, considering rpm, from --- (eq. 2)
Putting values in (eq. 3)
P=33.51 hp 25.13 kw
3. Result:
With the passage of a small vehicle (maruti
800 or similar vehicle), the arrangement will
generate minimum25.13kw.Power genera-
tion will be more while a truck passage.
Expected losses in this
arrangement
While compressing the spring attached
below to the hump, these springs will
bring the hump in its original position
after the wheel passes over. Thus some
forces will press the spring instead of
driving the crank.
Approx. 20% of spiral spring winding
power in the form of torque will be
lost at the time of unwinding of spiral
spring.
Installation and utilization of the
project
This arrangement shall be installed at the
toll gate of highway, where the speed of ve-
hicles is limited/slow, which is ideal to oper-
ate the arrangement in proper manner.
Energy from the running vehicles on the
road can be utilized for the fruitful pur-
pose of energy transformation to gener-
ate electricity.
The energy which is being lost without
any utilization now can be trapped.
The generated electricity shall be useful
to illuminate street lights in the vicinity
of toll gate, to charge UPS Batteries, to
charge cartridge batteries of electric cars
at battery charging depot at toll gate.
Conclusion
Its a pollution free project
Since the arrangement is small, it is easy
to install
It can be installed at highway toll gate.
Vehicle speed will be low, allowing the
hump to work appropriately and thus
generate electricity
Electricity may be utilized for battery
charging and can be consumed as re-
quired
Electricity generated can also be used
for cartridge battery charging in battery
powered cars
Low maintenance cost
Estimated total power Generation
Small unit by small vehicle passage will
generate 25kw power minimum and
we can have 4 gates at a toll.
A unit by heavy vehicle passage will
generate minimum 150kw power and
and we can have 4 gates at a toll.
On an aggregate, if we have 8 gates;
then the total power generated from
one site will be minimum 700kw.
We must remember that this is the
minimum generation capacity; genera-
tion will increase depending upon the
vehicular movement and weight.
To develop constant power supply
To develop constant power supply from
the generator connected to the spiral
spring drive arrangement, in between the
intermediate system of air compressor
system may be installed. Block diagram is
shown below:
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Installation of compressed air system in be-
tween spiral spring and the generator shall
be helpful to maintain constant rpm of the
generator which is necessary to maintain
constant power supply output.
2. SPIRAL SPRING ARRANGEMENT:
The Spiral Spring Arrangement shall be
installed in order to store the mechanical
energy with its winding and release the
mech. energy while it unwinds.
a. Air Compressor:
The shaft of the spiral spring shall be
coupled with the Air Compressor in or-
der compress the atmospheric air and
to store the same in receiver.
b. Air Receiver:
Air Receiver receives compressed high
pressure air and store in the receiver
for further use in desirable time.
c. Pneumatic Motor:
The pneumatic motor is fed with high
pressure air line from the air receiver
in order to drive the pneumatic motor.
d. Generator:
The generator then coupled with the
pneumatic motor to convert rotational
energy from pneumatic motor to elec-
trical energy.
3. WORKING:
As the spiral spring unwinds itself which
shall simultaneously drive the driver shaft
of air compressor.
Which then ll up the air receiver with
compressed air, till the desired outlet pres-
sure of the air have been achieved from
air receiver. The outlet of the air receiver
shall be connected to the input of a Pneu-
matic Motor. Then the pneumatic motor
shall drive the generator continuously with
rated speed.
References:
wikipedia.org;(for some equipments)
http://en.wi ki pedi a.org/wi ki /Bal ance_spri ngfor
pneumatic motor image from google.co.in
Picture of pneumatic motor.
IT HAS BEEN UNDERSTOOD
THAT THERE IS A HUGE
POTENTIAL OF POWER
GENERATION FROM
HUMP (SPEED BREAKER)
ARRANGEMENT ON ROAD
ARRANGEMENT