Transnational crimes are crimes that occur across national borders.

These crimes are of

heightened concern because the countries affected don't have the jurisdiction to prosecute
criminals who are committing transnational crimes from other countries. While many
countries combine forces to combat these crimes, drug trafficking, money laundering,
arms trafficking and human trafficking are growing international problems.
Money Laundering
Money laundering refers to the process of criminals disguising the illegal origins of their
money. Money laundering occurs all over the world. Criminals who get their money from
illegal actions, such as prostitution, smuggling or computer fraud typically launder their
money in order not to attract the attention of authorities. By not attracting attention from
authorities, criminals are able to fly under the radar and continue their criminal activities,
making even more money without getting in trouble. Money laundering is done in three
main ways: disguising the source of the money -- such as disguising a prostitution ring as a
massage parlor, changing the form -- such as changing cash into a money order, or moving
the funds -- such as taking money from one large bank account and putting it in several
smaller accounts under different names.
Arms Trafficking
Arms trafficking refers to the smuggling of guns, ammunition and other weapons. When
weapons are smuggled into a country and sold illegally, buyers don't have to have any type
of license or waiting period in order to buy one. This makes it easier for criminals who can't
purchase a weapon legally to obtain one. Smuggled weapons typically end up in the hands of
criminals or people with criminal intentions. This causes more crime to occur that could
potentially be reduced if illegal arms trafficking is reduced or eliminated. Stopping arms
trafficking is difficult because weapons have military, law enforcement and sport uses. This
makes it harder to determine if a weapon is in the country and possessed legally.
Human Trafficking
Human trafficking is a crime against humanity. It involves the sale, transportation, receipt
and harboring of human beings through the use of force, threats or coercion with the intent
to exploit the individuals. Human trafficking often includes payment or money transfer
from a trafficker to a person in control of the victim. Common reasons that humans are
trafficked include for prostitution, sexual exploitation or forced slavery. Human trafficking
happens across state lines as well as across international borders.
People smuggling (also called human smuggling) is "the facilitation, transportation, attempted
transportation or illegal entry of a person or persons across an international border, in violation of one or
more countries' laws, either clandestinely or through deception, such as the use of fraudulent
documents".
Transnational organized crime (TOC or transnational crime) is organized crime coordinated across
national borders, involving groups or networks of individuals working in more than one country to plan and
execute illegal business ventures.
[1]
In order to achieve their goals, these criminal groups
utilize systematic violence and corruption. The most commonly seen transnational organized crimes are
money laundering; human smuggling; cyber crime; and trafficking of humans, drugs,
weapons, endangered species, body parts, or nuclear material.
Poaching has traditionally been defined as the illegal hunting, killing or capturing of wild animals, usually
associated with land use rights.
[1][2][3][4][5]
Until the 20th century, mostly impoverished peasants poached
for subsistence purposes, thus supplementing a scarce diet.
[6]
By contrast, stealing domestic
animals such as cattle raiding is considered theft, not poaching.
[7]
Since the 1980s, the term poaching has
also been used for the illegal harvest of wild plant species.
[8][9][10]
Sexual slavery is slavery for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Sexual slavery may involve single-owner
sexual slavery; ritual slavery, sometimes associated with certain religious practices, such as trokosi
in Ghana, Togo and Benin; slavery for primarily non-sexual purposes but where non-consensual sexual
activity is common; or forced prostitution. Concubines were a traditional form of sexual slavery in which
women spent their life in sexual servitude in many cultures.
Terrorism is the systematic use of violence (terror) as a means of coercion for political purposes. In
the international community, terrorism has no legally binding, criminal law definition.
[1][2]
Common
definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts that are intended to create fear (terror); are
perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety
of non-combatants (civilians).
Torture is the act of deliberately inflicting severe physical or psychological pain and possibly injury to a
person (or animal), usually to one who is physically restrained or otherwise under the torturer's control or
custody and unable to defend against what is being done to them. Torture has been carried out or
sanctioned by individuals, groups and states throughout history from ancient times to modern day, and
forms of torture can vary greatly in duration from only a few minutes to several days or even longer.
Reasons for torture can include punishment, revenge, political re-
education, deterrence, interrogation or coercion of the victim or a third party, or simply
the sadistic gratification of those carrying out or observing the torture. The torturer may or may not intend
to kill or injure the victim, but sometimes torture is deliberately fatal and can precede a murder or serve as
a cruel form of capital punishment. In other cases, the torturer may be indifferent to the condition of the
victim. Alternatively, some forms of torture are designed to inflict psychological pain or leave as little
physical injury or evidence as possible while achieving the same psychological devastation. Depending
on the aim, even a form of torture that is intentionally fatal may be prolonged to allow the victim to suffer
as long as possible (such as half-hanging).
Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal
Court Explanatory Memorandum, "are particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack
on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of human beings